Indonesian National Police

Indonesian National Police
Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia
Abbreviation POLRI

Logo of Indonesian National Police
Motto Rastra Sewakottama (Sanskrit)
(Serving the People Above All)
Agency overview
Legal personality Governmental: Government agency
Jurisdictional structure
National agency
(Operations jurisdiction)		 ID
Legal jurisdiction National
General nature
Operational structure
Headquarters Kebayoran Baru, South Jakarta
Agency executive Police General Tito Karnavian, Chief of Indonesian National Police
Website
www.polri.go.id

The Indonesian National Police (Indonesian: Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia, "POLRI") is the national police force of Indonesia. It was formerly a part of the Indonesian National Armed Forces ("ABRI"). The police were formally separated from the military ("TNI") in April 1999, a process which was formally completed in July 2000.[1] The organization is now independent and is under the direct auspices of the President of Indonesia, while the Armed Forces is under the Ministry of Defense. Until this day, the Indonesian National Police is and still holds control of law enforcement and policing duties all over Indonesia nationally.

The Indonesian National Police is also taking part in international UN missions. The Indonesian Police Force has been providing security and protection to Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) for nearly one and half year while Indonesia’s Formed Police Units (FPUs) have been a very capable and integral part of UNAMID’s mandated-task of protecting people of Darfur.[2]

The strength of the Indonesian National Police ("POLRI") stood at approximately up-to 387,470 in 2011 and the number is increasing every year. It also includes up-to 12,000 water police ("Polair") personnel and an estimated 40,000 People’s Security ("KAMRA") trainees who serve as a police auxiliary and report for three weeks of basic training each year.

The headquarters, known as Markas Besar/Mabes in Indonesian, is located in Kebayoran Baru, South Jakarta near the national police museum.

History

The veldpolitie in Malang, East Java (c. 1930)

When large parts of Indonesia was under Dutch colonial occupation until the 1940s, police duties were performed by either military establishments or colonial police known as the veldpolitie or the field police. Japanese occupation during WW II brought changes when the Japanese formed various armed organisations to support their war. This had led to the distribution of weapons to military trained youths, which were largely confiscated from the Dutch armoury.

After the Japanese occupation, the national police became an armed organisation. The Indonesian police was established in 1946, and its units fought in the Indonesian National Revolution against the invading Dutch forces. The police also participated in suppressing the 1948 communist revolt in Madiun. In 1966, the police was brought under the control of Armed Forces Chief, assuming the name Indonesian Police Force. Following the proclamation of independence, the police played a vital role when they actively supported the people’s movement to dismantle the Japanese army, and to strengthen the defence of the newly created Republic of Indonesia. The police were not combatants who were required to surrender their weapons to the Allied Forces. During the revolution of independence, the police gradually formed into what is now known as Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia (Polri) or the Indonesian National Police. In 2000, the police force officially regained its independence and now is separate from the military.

Duties and tasks

Indonesian police personnel in Jakarta
Indonesian armed Police officers and personnel line-up in Jakarta

The key tasks of the Indonesian National Police are to:

In carrying out these basic tasks, Police are to:

Organization

Indonesian National Police emblem

The organization of the National Police of Indonesia (POLRI) is arranged in stages from the central level to the regional level. The Headquarters of the Indonesian National Police is called "Mabes Polri". The territorial Police organization consists of:

Headquarters

Indonesian National Police Headquarters (Mabes Polri) in South Jakarta

Chief element

The head of the National Police Headquarters is the Chief of the Indonesian National Police (Kapolri). The Chief of Police is appointed by and is responsible to the President of Indonesia.

Supervision and headship assistance elements

Main implementation element

Supporting elements

Regional Police

polda metro jaya logo
Polda Metro Jaya Regional Police Logo
polda metro jaya HQ
Polda Metro Jaya Headquarters
Polda Metro Jaya is the police headquarters of the Greater Jakarta Region covering the metropolitan area

Each Regional Police headquarters (Polda) which covers a province oversees the following directorates:

Units

Special units

UnitsAbbreviationExplanation
Mobile Brigade CorpsBrimobBrimob is the elite/special forces of the Indonesian National Police. Brimob is the paramilitary force of Indonesia and takes the duties for handling high-level threat of public secure also special police operations. This unit also becomes the back-up force for the riot control purposes. The personnel of this unit are identifiable with their dark blue berets. The Mobile Brigade is also known as the special ‘anti-riot’ branch of the Indonesian National Police which deals with special operations. A paramilitary organization, its training and equipment is almost identical to the Indonesian Army’s ("TNI"), and it conventionally operates under joint military command in areas such as Papua and, until 2005, Aceh.[3]
Gegana-Gegana is an internal unit of the Brimob special Police corps who have special abilities in the field of anti-terrorism, bomb disposal, intelligence, anti-anarchist, and handling of Chemical, Biological, and Radio Active threats. It also conducts hostage rescue operations
Detachment 88Densus 88(Detasemen Khusus 88), Delta 88, or Densus 88, is an Indonesian Special Forces counter-terrorism squad, and part of the Indonesian Police Force. Formed on 30 June 2003, after the 2002 Bali bombings, it is funded, equipped, and trained by the United States[4] and Australia.[5]

Public units

Units under the regional police headquarters (Polres):

UnitsAbbreviationIndonesianExplanation
Center of integrated police servicesSPKTSentra Pelayanan Kepolisian TerpaduThe SPKT is responsible for providing police services to the public, in the form of first receipt and handling of reports / complaints, police assistance / assistance services, and related functions to carry out security and crime identification/prevention activities in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.
Intelligence and Security UnitSat-IntelkamSatuan Intelijensi dan KeamananThis unit is in charge of organizing / fostering the functions of Intelligence Security, including encryption, and service providers in the form of License / Explanation concerning Foreigners, Firearms & Explosives, social activities / Political Communities and Police Note Certificates (SKCK) to citizens in need And conduct supervision / security and its implementation.
Criminal Detective UnitSat-ReskrimSatuan Reserse KriminalThis unit is in charge of fostering Functions and conducting criminal investigation and investigation activities, including the function of identification in the framework of law enforcement, coordination and supervision of operations and administration of investigation in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.
Drug Detective UnitSat-ResnarkobaSatuan Reserse NarkobaThis unit is responsible for conducting investigations and investigations of criminal acts of drug abuse, including counseling and guidance in the prevention and rehabilitation of drug abuse victims.
Community and Society Development UnitSat-BinmasSatuan Bina MasyarakatThis unit is in charge to carry out community guidance, including community empowerment activities, public order and coordination activities with other forms of security, as well as cooperative activities in maintaining security and public order.
Alert UnitSat-SabharaSatuan Samapta BhayangkaraThe Sabhara unit of the National Police of Indonesia has the tasks for supervision of the public order and public security. It is the most common police unit in the country which actively conducts patroling and community service. This unit becomes the first dispatch for standard law enforcement, policing activities and public matters affairs. They also perform Riot Police duties.
Traffic UnitSat-LantasSatuan Lalu LintasThis unit is in charge for Traffic law enforcement, control, management, and patrolling affairs
Vital Object Protection UnitSat-PamobvitSatuan Pengamanan Obyek VitalThis unit serves the security activities of vital objects / vital installations, attractions, certain areas and other objects including VIP places that require police security. The tourism police (Polisi Pariwisata) unit is part of this branch
Water unitSat-PolairSatuan Polisi PerairanThis unit is responsible for carrying out the functions of aquatic police, which include water patrols, waters law enforcement, coastal community development and other waters, as well as search and rescue accidents in marine areas (SAR)
Detainees and evidence unitSat-TahtiSatuan Tahanan dan Barang BuktiThis internal unit is in charge to organize prisoners' care includes the health care of the detainee, the guardianship of the prisoners and the receiving, storing and securing of evidence and their administration within the regional police headquarters, reporting the number and condition of the detainees in accordance with the provisions of the law.

Corruption

In the eyes of the people, the National Police force is "corrupt, brutal, and inept".[6] Even becoming a police officer can be expensive, with applicants having to pay up to Rp90 million, according to Indonesia Police Watch head, Neta Saputra Pane.[7]

In April 2009, angry that the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) had tapped his phone while investigating a corruption case, Indonesian Police chief detective Susno Duadji compared the KPK to a gecko (Indonesian: cicak) fighting a crocodile (Indonesian: buaya) meaning the police. Susno's comment, as it turned out, quickly backfired because the image of a cicak standing up to a buaya (similar to David and Goliath imagery) immediately had wide appeal in Indonesia. A noisy popular movement in support of the cicak quickly emerged. Students staged pro-cicak demonstrations, many newspapers ran cartoons with cicaks lining up against an ugly buaya, and numerous TV talk shows took up the cicak versus buaya topic with enthusiasm. As a result, references to cicaks fighting a buaya have become a well-known part of the political imagery of Indonesia.[8]

In June 2010, the Indonesian news magazine Tempo published a report on "fat bank accounts" held by senior police officers containing billions of rupiah. When the magazine went on sale in the evening groups of men said by witnesses to be police officers, went to newsstands with piles of cash to try to buy all the copies before they could be sold.[9][10]

When KPK investigators tried to search Polri headquarters in 2010 as part of an investigation into Djoko Susilo, then the head of Korlantas (police corps of traffic), they were detained, and only released following the intervention of the president, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Following a trial, Djoko was jailed for 18 years. Two years later, the KPK began investigating another senior police officer, Budi Gunawan, who was subsequently nominated for the post of National Police Chief. The KPK then named Budi a suspect and his nomination was withdrawn. However, he was later sworn in as deputy police chief. The police subsequently took revenge by charging three KPK commissioners with criminal offenses.[11][12]

In Bali, corrupt officers routinely extort bribes from tourists. In 2013 a YouTube appeared of a policemen demanding Rp200,000, which he then used to buy beer, which he drank with the tourist.[13]

In 2014,Budi Gunawan,the National police chief assistant candidate was being investigated by the national corruption commission for about two days after they found out that his income shows something strange. Media believe that he was protected by some big people and many people disagree when he was chosen as the national police chief assistant.Until now,many books and murals described Budi Gunawan and the police for their corruption.

Violence and human rights abuses

Amnesty International has accused Polri of "widespread" torture and other abuses of arrested individuals.[14] According to the organization, "Police in Indonesia shoot, beat and even kill people without fear of prosecution, leaving their victims with little hope of justice".[15]

In 2014 the Human Rights Watch reported that a physical virginity test is routinely performed on female applicants to the police force.[16] Human Rights Watch decried the practice as unscientific and degrading.[16]

An official admission of violence by police officers came in 2016 when Chief Gen. Badrodin Haiti admitted that officers of the Detachment 88 anti-terror unit were responsible for the death in custody of terrorist suspect Siyono, who died of heart failure after being kicked hard enough in the chest to fracture his ribs. The Indonesian National Commission on Human Rights stated in March 2016 that at least 121 terror suspects had died in custody since 2007[17]

Rank structure

In the early years, the Indonesian Police used European police style ranks like "inspector" and "commissioner". When the police were amalgamated with the military structure during the 1960s, the ranks changed to a military style such as "Captain", "Major" and "Colonel". In the year 2000, when the Indonesian Police conducted the transition to a fully independent force out of the armed forces in 2000, they used British style police ranks like "Inspector" and "Superintendent". Now, The Indonesian Police have returned to Dutch style ranks like "Brigadier" and "Agents" just like in the early years with some Indonesianized elements within the ranking system.

Officers rank
Police General Police Commissioner General Police Inspector General Police Brigadier General Police Chief Commissioner Police Superintendent Police Commissioner Police Chief Inspector Police Inspector 1st Class Police Inspector 2nd Class
Indonesian: Jenderal Polisi (Jendpol) Indonesian: Komisaris Jenderal (Komjen) Indonesian: Inspektur Jenderal (Irjen) Indonesian: Brigadir Jenderal (Brigjen) Indonesian: Komisaris Besar Polisi (Kombespol) Indonesian: Ajun Komisaris Besar Polisi (AKBP) Indonesian: Komisaris Polisi (Kompol) Indonesian: Ajun Komisaris Polisi (AKP) Indonesian: Inspektur Satu (Iptu) Indonesian: Inspektur Dua (Ipda)
Brigadier ranks
Police Sub-Inspector 1st Class Police Sub-Inspector 2nd Class Poilice Chief Brigadier Police Brigadier First Brigadier Second Brigadier
Indonesian: Ajun Inspektur polisi satu (AIPTU) Indonesian: Ajun Inspektur polisi dua (AIPDA) Indonesian: Brigadir Kepala (Bripka) Indonesian: Brigadir Polisi (Brigpol) Indonesian: Brigadir satu (Briptu) Indonesian: Brigadir dua (Bripda)
Enlisted ranks (Only used in the Mobile Brigade Corps and Water police units)
Brigadier Adjutant First Brigadier Adjutant Second Brigadier Adjutant Chief Agent Agent Second Agent
Indonesian: Ajun Brigadir polisi (Abrippol) Indonesian: Ajun Brigadir satu (Abriptu) Indonesian: Ajun Brigadir dua (Abripda) Indonesian: Bhayangkara kepala (Bharaka) Indonesian: Bhayangkara satu (Bharatu) Indonesian: Bhayangkara dua (Bharada)

Firearms

An Indonesian Armed BRIMOB special Police personnel with a Pindad SS1 assault rifle guarding outside the Jakarta Cathedral

The standard issue sidearm to all Indonesian National Police officers is the Taurus Model 82 revolver in. 38 Special. While police personnel attached to special units such as Detachment 88, Gegana and BRIMOB are issued with the Glock 17 semi-automatic pistol.

Heavy arms are always available to Indonesian police personnel, such as the Heckler & Koch MP5 sub-machine gun, Remington 870 shotgun, Steyr AUG assault rifle, M4 carbine, M1 Carbine. and other weapons. The standard rifle for the Indonesian National Police are the Pindad SS1 and the M16 rifle. Units are also issued the "Sabhara"/Police V1-V2 Pindad SS1 special law enforcement assault rifle.

Police fleets

The police vehicles that are usually operated by the Indonesian Police ("Polri") for patrol and law enforcement activities are mainly Ford Focus sedans, Mitsubishi Lancers, Hyundai Elantras (for some police regions), Mitsubishi Stradas, Isuzu D-Maxs, and Ford Rangers. Such vehicles are usually operated by the "Sabhara" police unit and other units which the vehicles are mainly colored dark-grey. In some areas, usually in rural places, the vehicles are not up-to date compared to the ones in the major urban areas in the country, so some police vehicles still use older versions such as the Toyota Kijang and Mitsubishi Freecas.
Special Investigation units usually operate in black Toyota Avanzas and some are unmarked vehicles. Police laboratory and forensics ("Puslabfor") units are issued dark-grey police Suzuki APV vehicles.

The Traffic Police Corps ("Korlantas") usually uses vehicles such as the Mazda 6, Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution, Toyota Vios, Ford Focus sedans, Hyundai Elantra and Ford Rangers colored white and blue. Some vehicles for traffic patrol are also used such as the Toyota Rush and Daihatsu Terios. Sedan types are usually used for highway and road patrolling and escort. Double-Cab types are usually used for Traffic incidents and traffic management law enforcement activities.

Police vehicles colored orange usually Ford Focus and Mitsubishi Lancer sedans and white-orange Chevrolet Captivas are operated by the Vital Object Protection unit ("Pam Obvit") and usually parked outside and operated for international embassies, airports, and other special specified locations. It is also used by the Tourist police for patrol.

For the special police, counter-terrorism and anti-riot units such as the Mobile Brigade or "Brimob", Detachment 88 and "Gegana" units usually use special costumed vehicles for special operations such as the Pindad Komodo, Barracuda APC, and modified armored Mitsubishi Stradas, 2002 Nissan Terrano Spirits' and other special double-cabin and SUV vehicle types. Vehicles are colored dark-grey with the bumper colored orange identifying vehicles of the special police units. Some special operational "Gegana" and "Densus 88" vehicles are colored black also with orange bumpers.

Other customized vehicles used for mobilization of police personnel are usually modified Isuzu Elfs and Toyota Dynas with horizontal side sitting facilities inside of the trunk covered by dark colored canvas for canopy. Costumed patrol pick-ups with mounted sitting facilities on the trunk covered with canopy are also operated by the police to carry police personnel during patrol, the pick-ups are usually Isuzu Panther pick-ups and usually operate in rural areas.

For high-ranking officers (usually generals), issued cars are usually grey (some black) full to compact sedans and Mid to Full-sized SUVs. Such cars are mainly chauffeured Toyota Camrys, Hyundai Sonatas, Toyota Land Cruisers, and Toyota Prados. Some use black Toyota Innovas.

Uniform

Indonesian 1980s Police uniform sample
Indonesian Police uniform today

The National Police Force of Indonesia had changes for uniform colours about 3 times, the periods are:

In the Indonesian Armed Forces and Police, there are three types of uniform worn by service personnel which are Ceremonial uniform (PDU), service uniform (PDH), and field uniform (PDL).

Headgears and beret colors:

Personnel

List of Chiefs of Police (Kapolri)

  1. General R Said Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo (29 Sep 1945 – 14 December 1959)
  2. General Soekarno Djojonegoro (15 December 1959 – 29 December 1963)
  3. General Soetjipto Danoekoesoemo (30 December 1963 – 8 May 1965)
  4. General Soetjipto Joedodihardjo (9 May 1965 – 8 May 1968)
  5. General Hoegeng Iman Santoso (9 May 1968 – 2 October 1971)
  6. General Moch. Hasan (3 October 1971 – 1974)
  7. General Widodo Budidharmo (1974 – 25 September 1978)
  8. General Awaluddin Djamin (26 September 1978 – 1982)
  9. General Anton Soedjarwo (1982 – 1986)
  10. General Mochammad Sanoesi (1986 – 19 February 1991)
  11. General Kunarto (20 February 1991 – April 1993)
  12. General Banurusman Astrosemitro (April 1993 – March 1996)
  13. General Dibyo Widodo (March 1996 – 28 June 1998)
  14. General Roesmanhadi (29 June 1998 – 3 January 2000)
  15. General Roesdihardjo (4 January 2000 – 22 September 2000)
  16. General Suroyo Bimantoro (23 September 2000 – 28 November 2001)
  17. General Da'i Bachtiar (29 November 2001 – 7 July 2005)
  18. General Sutanto (8 July 2005 – 30 September 2008)
  19. General Bambang Hendarso Danuri (30 September 2008 – October 2010)
  20. General Timur Pradopo (October 2010 – 25 October 2013)
  21. General Sutarman (25 October 2013 – 16 January 2015)[18][19]
  22. General Badrodin Haiti (17 April 2015 – 13 July 2016)
  23. General Tito Karnavian (13 July 2016 — present)

Police operational regions

Sumatra

Java

Bali and Nusa Tenggara

Kalimantan

Sulawesi

Maluku and North Maluku

Papua

Police vehicles

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Indonesian police split from military", Reuters, CNN, 1 April 2009, retrieved 18 September 2009
  2. ↑ "Sudan Focus: United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) introduces Community Policing in Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camps in Khartoum", UN, United Nations, October 2008, retrieved 6 March 2016
  3. ↑ "Background on Kopassus and Brimob", etan., etan.org, 2008, retrieved 6 March 2016
  4. ↑ Detachment 88, Kopassus Get Covert US Aid: US Intelligence Personnel Tap Indonesian Phones. Retrieved on July 16, 2008.
  5. ↑ "The eastern fringe of the Muslim world worries about Islamic State’s influence". The Economist. 23 January 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  6. ↑ Davies, Sharyn Graham; Meliala, Adrianus; Buttle, John, Indonesia’s secret police weapon (Jan-Mar 2013 ed.), Inside Indonesia, retrieved 8 December 2015
  7. ↑ Allard, Tom (10 May 2010), Indonesia pays a high price for its corrupt heart, Sydney Morning Herald, retrieved 8 December 2015
  8. ↑ Antagonism between the KPK and the police, with memories of the cicak versus buaya clash, remained deeply embedded in the relationship between the KPK and the police after the clash. See, for example, references to the clash in 2012 in Ina Parlina, 'Doubts over KPK inquiry into police bank accounts', The Jakarta Post, 18 May 2012.
  9. ↑ Fat Bank Accounts of POLRI Chief Candidates, Tempo, 26 July 2013, retrieved 8 December 2015
  10. ↑ Deutsch, Anthony (29 June 2010), The disappearing magazine and Indonesian media freedom, Financial Times, retrieved 8 December 2015
  11. ↑ Butt, Simon; Lindsey, Tim (11 April 2015), Joko Widodo's support wanes as Indonesia's anti-corruption agency KPK rendered toothless, The Age, retrieved 8 December 2015
  12. ↑ Budi Gunawan sworn in as deputy police chief, The Jakarta Post, 22 April 2015, retrieved 8 December 2015
  13. ↑ Taking bribes from tourists Indonesian Style, ETurboNews, 28 April 2013, retrieved 8 December 2015
  14. ↑ Cop Killers, The Economist, 4 November 2010, retrieved 8 December 2015
  15. ↑ Indonesia must end impunity for police violence, Amnesty International, 25 April 2012, retrieved 8 December 2015
  16. 1 2 Human Rights Watch (18 November 2014). "Indonesia: 'Virginity Tests' for Female Police". Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  17. ↑ Eko Prasetyo (22 April 2016), Police Negligence Admission only Tip of the Iceberg: Amnesty International, The Jakarta Globe, retrieved 22 April 2016
  18. ↑ "Komisi III DPR Terima Sutarman Jadi Kapolri". 17 October 2013.
  19. ↑ "Komjen Pol Sutarman Resmi Dilantik Jadi Kapolri". 25 October 2013.

Further reading

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