Ignatius Aphrem II

His Holiness Moran Mor Ignatius Aphrem II Patriarch of Antioch
Patriarch of Antioch and all the East and Supreme Leader of the Universal Syriac Orthodox Church.
Native name	ܐܝܓܢܛܝܘܣ ܐܦܪܝܡ ܬܪܝܢܐ
Church	Syriac Orthodox Church
See	See of Antioch
Elected	March 31, 2014
Installed	May 29, 2014
Predecessor	Ignatius Zakka I Iwas
Orders
Ordination	1985
Consecration	January 28, 1996 by Ignatius Zakka I Iwas
Rank	Patriarch
Personal details
Birth name	Saʿid Karim (Syriac: ܣܥܝܕ ܟܪܝܡ‎, Arabic: سعيد كريم‎‎)
Born	(1965-05-03) May 3, 1965 Qamishli, Syria
Nationality	Syrian; American
Denomination	Syriac Orthodox
Parents	Issa and Khanema Karim
Previous post	Metropolitan and Patriarchal Vicar of the Archdiocese of the Eastern United States
Alma mater	St Patrick's College, Maynooth, Coptic Theological Seminary

Moran Mor Ignatius Aphrem II (Syriac: ܡܪܢ ܡܪܝ ܐܝܓܢܛܝܘܣ ܐܦܪܝܡ ܬܪܝܢܐ‎ Moran Mor Ignaṭius Afrem Trayono, Arabic: مار إغناطيوس أفرام الثاني‎‎ Mār Iġnāṭīūs Afrām al-Ṯānī; born as Saʿid Karim on May 3, 1965) is the patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church. He became the 123rd Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch when he was enthroned as patriarch in Damascus on May 29, 2014. Before his election to the patriarchate, he was Archbishop for the Eastern United States of America, and known as Mor Cyril Aphrem Karim in that post.^[1] In that role, he established 11 new parishes, introduced a number of new programs for the youth, and worked for inter-church unity.^[2]

Early life and education

Saʿid Karim was born in Qamishli, north-eastern Syria, on May 3, 1965, the youngest son of Issa and Khanema Karim.^[3] His family are Syriacs who originally came from the village Ëḥwo (Turkish: Güzelsu) in the Tur Abdin region of Mardin Province, Turkey. ^[4]

After finishing primary schooling in Qamishli in 1977, Karim received his religious secondary education at St. Ephrem's Theological Seminary in Atchaneh, Bikfaya, Lebanon. After completing school in 1982, he worked in Aleppo, Syria, as an assistant to the Archbishop Mor Gregorios Yuhanna Ibrahim.^[5] From 1984 to 1988, he attended the Coptic Theological Seminary in Cairo, Egypt, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree in Divinity.^[2]

The young Deacon Aphrem Karim (later Patriarch Ignatius Aphrem II) with his predecessor Patriarch Ignatius Zakka I Iwas; taken in 1985.

In 1985, Saʿid Karim took the vows of a monk, and changed his name to Aphrem in honor of the 4th-century Syriac poet-theologian Ephrem the Syrian and former patriarch Aphrem I Barsoum. He was ordained deacon, and, later that year, was elevated to the sacred priesthood. From 1988 to 1989, he served as both the secretary to his patriarchal predecessor, Ignatius Zakka I Iwas, and as a teacher at St. Ephrem’s Theological Seminary in Damascus, Syria.^[2]

In 1991, he entered St Patrick's College in Maynooth, Ireland, from where he received a Licentiate of Sacred Theology (1992) and Doctor of Divinity (1994). His doctoral thesis was titled The Symbolism of the Cross in early Syriac Christianity.^[3] During that time, he also served as a priest to the Syriac Orthodox Community in the United Kingdom.

Metropolitan Archbishop of the Eastern United States

In 1995, following the death of Archbishop Mor Athanasius Yeshue Samuel, who had established the Archdiocese of the United States and Canada, it was decided to divide the territory into three archdioceses: the Eastern United States, Los Angeles and Environs, and Canada. Aphrem Karim was appointed archbishop of the Eastern United States territory.^[6]

On January 28, 1996, Aphrem Karim was consecrated as Metropolitan Archbishop and Patriarchal Vicar of the Archdiocese for the Eastern United States by Patriarch Ignatius Zakka I Iwas at St. Mary’s Syriac Orthodox Church in his home town of Qamishli.^[1] Taking the episcopal name Cyril, he arrived in the United States on March 2, 1996, and was officially installed at St. Mark’s Syriac Orthodox Cathedral in Teaneck, New Jersey, as Mor Cyril Aphrem Karim.^[2]

During his time as Metropolitan Archbishop, Cyril Aphrem Karim oversaw the creation of 11 new parishes, bringing the total parishes in the archdiocese to 20. He created an advisory council to aid in oversight and administration of the archdiocese. He created the Syriac Orthodox Archdiocesan Youth Organization to coordinate youth activities across the archdiocese's parishes, and oversaw a number of youth conferences as he sought to grow the church. He organized a special youth liturgy in the New York/New Jersey area and created a choral society.^[2]

Cyril Aphrem Karim oversaw the creation of the Archdiocesan Sunday School Committee to unite lesson plans across the archdiocese. He created a pre-marriage counseling program which afforded couples-to-be the chance to meet with him personally. He also established an annual liturgy service to recognize and appreciate the elderly members of the community. He worked for inter-church unity, serving on the World Council of Churches. Cyril Aphrem Karim played a significant role in founding Christian Churches Together.^[2]

Patriarch of Antioch

On March 21, 2014, Patriarch Ignatius Zakka I Iwas died after a long illness. Following his death, the Holy Synod of the Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch was convened to elect a successor. The synod was held at St Jacob Baradeus Monastery in Atchaneh, Lebanon, presided over by Mor Baselios Thomas I Catholicos of India and Mor Severius Jamil Hawa Archbishop of Baghdad and Basra,the Patriarchal Locum Tenens. The synod elected Cyril Aphrem Karim to be the 122nd successor of St. Peter in the Apostolic See of Antioch. He was enthroned on May 29, 2014, at St Ephrem's Monastery, Maarat Saidnaya, near Damascus, Syria.^[7] Baselios Thomas I oversaw the ceremony.^[8]

Karim took the patriarchal name Ignatius, replacing his episcopal name Cyril, and, being the second patriarch to bear the monastic name Aphrem (the first being Ignatius Aphrem I Barsoum), his name became Ignatius Aphrem II. Unlike his immediate predecessors, but following older convention, Aphrem II chose not to use his family name, Karim, in his official title.

In 2016, Ignatius said "Russia has given hope to the people of Syria," in support of the Russian military intervention in Syria during the Syrian Civil War.^[9]

Conflicts Ignatius Aphrem II has compared Mohammad with Jesus Christ. He had also kissed the Quran. Furthermore, he only engages in political activities. That’s why many members of the Syriac-Orthodox Church are demanding his deposition as patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church.

^[10]

Pastoral Visits

Since his enthronement, Ignatius has made many visits between Kurdistan and Syria to assist Christians displaced by the advance of ISIS and the general turmoil caused by the Syrian Civil War. The Patriarch celebrated New Year 2015 with refugees and displaced Christians in Northern Iraq. Patriarchal Liturgy was served along with special prayers. Visit to the Displaced

Ignatius undertook a pastoral visit to India from 7-19 February 2015.Holy Apostolic Visit to India 2015

Styles

The titulary of patriarchs is somewhat complex and changeable. He is often called "His Holiness", a special distinction given to the leaders of some churches (Syriac: ܩܕܝܫܘܬܗ‎ Qaddišuṯeh, Arabic: قداسة‎‎ Qadāsa). This is often then followed by the unique Syriac title Mor (ܡܪܝ), often doubled to Moran Mor (ܡܪܢ ܡܪܝ). The title, in its singular form, literally means "my lord", and is given to all male saints and bishops. The term Moran means "our lord", and, used alone refers only to Jesus Christ, but is combined with Mor in the titles of patriarchs. Patriarchs are addressed as either Mor or Moran Mor.^[11]

Patriarchs take the patriarchal name Ignatius in honor of the martyr Ignatius of Antioch, starting with the accession of Ignatius Behnam of Hadl in 1445.^[12] Ignatius Aphrem II chose a different spelling of the name Ignatius by omitting the Syriac letter olaph from the spelling of the "a" vowel. This is followed by the patriarch's personal monastic name Aphrem, and the regnal number "II" to distinguish him from Ignatius Aphrem I Barsoum. Ignatius Aphrem II does not use his family name, "Karim", in his patriarchal title, although he is informally referred to as "Ignatius Aphrem II Karim".

The patriarch is Patriarch of Antioch, to which is added "and All the East" as that see governs the church in the east. He is also Supreme Head of the Church, a similar title to those used by other denominational leaders.^[12][13]

An ancient title of Syriac patriarchs still sometimes used is "Thrice Blessed" (Syriac: ܬܠܝܬܝ̈ ܛܘܒܐ̈‎ Tlithoy Ṭuḇe), usually placed instead of "His Holiness".^[13] The patriarch is often greeted in Arabic as سيدنا Sayyidnā ("our lord").

Personal names

At various points in his life, Ignatius Aphrem II was known as

• Saʿid Karim (1965–1985)
• The Reverend Monk Aphrem Karim (1985–1996)
• His Eminence Mor Cyril Aphrem Karim (1996–2014)
• His Holiness Moran Mor Ignatius Aphrem II (2014–present)

Personal life

Ignatius Aphrem II speaks Classical Syriac (Kthobonoyo), Turoyo (a colloquial Neo-Aramaic spoken in his ancestral Tur Abdin), Arabic, French and English.^[2]

The Primate of the syriac orthodox church, Patriarch Mor Ignatius Aphrem II, arrived in Armenia on an official visit at the invitation of Aram I

The Primate of the Syriac Orthodox Church, Patriarch Mor Ignatius Aphrem II, arrived in Russia on an official visit at the invitation of Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and Russia.

Pope Tawadros II of Alexandria of the Coptic Orthodox Church revived Ignatius Aphrem II Patriarch of Antioch and All East of the Syriac Orthodox Church Aram I Catholicose of Cilicia of the Armenian Apostolic Orthodox Church in Lebanon.

Pope Francis greets Mor Ignatius Aphrem II, Patriarch of Antioch and all the East and Supreme Head of the Universal Syrian Orthodox Church, as he arrives for a private audience at the Vatican, Friday, June 19, 2015.

Suicide Attack

On Sunday, June 19th, 2016, an ISIS affiliated suicide bomber tried to kill Ignatius Aphrem II during a special ceremony commemorating the 101 anniversary of the Ottoman genocide against Armenians, Syriacs (Arameans) and Greeks. Three security officers were killed and five people injured; the Patriarch Mor Ignatius Aphrem II was unharmed.^[14]

Publications

In 2003, Cyril Aphrem Karim published the Book of the Order for the Burial of the Clergy. He also saw to the reprint of works including the Shorter Catechism of the Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch (1999) by former Patriarch Ignatius Aphrem I Barsoum, and the Book of Scripture Readings for Sundays and Feasts Days (2000), originally published by Mor Philoxenus Yuhanon Dolabani of Mardin. Cyril Aphrem Karim encouraged the American Foundation for Syriac Studies to publish a quarterly entitled Syriac Studies and helped co-sponsor a series of public lectures by scholars and intellectuals on Syriac culture, history, literature and theology. In 2004, Cyril Aphrem Karim wrote Symbols of the Cross in the Writings of the Early Syriac Fathers. He has also published two children's books: In The Tree House and Animals from the Bible.^[2]

Bibliography

• Barsom, Murad Saliba (2000). Samuel, Mor Athanasius Yeshue, ed. Book of the Order for the Burial of the Clergy (liturgical book). Foreword by Mor Cyril Aphrem Karim; biographical sketch by Chorepiscopus John P. Meno. New Jersey: Archdiocese of the Syriac Orthodox Church for the Eastern USA. ISBN 0-9744442-0-0. 
• Barsoum, Patriarch Ephrem I (1999). Karim, Cyril Aphrem, ed. The Shorter Catechism of the Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch. Translated into English by the Very Rev. Fr. Elias Sugar. New Jersey: Archdiocese of the Syriac Orthodox Church for the Eastern USA. 
• Dolabani, Philoxenos Yuhanon (2000). Karim, Cyril Aphrem, ed. Scripture Readings for Sundays & Feast Days: According to the Tradition of the Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch. New Jersey: Archdiocese of the Syriac Orthodox Church for the Eastern USA. ISBN 1-59333-146-0. 
• Karim, Cyril Aphrem (2004). Symbols of the Cross in the Writings of the Early Syriac Fathers. New Jersey: Gorgias Press. ISBN 1-59333-230-0. 
• — (2004). "The Liturgy in the Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch". In Best, Thomas F.; Heller, Dagmar. Worship Today: understanding, practice, ecumenical implications. Geneva: WCC. 
• — (2011). In The Tree House (children's book). New Jersey: Parables & Books. ISBN 0983318808. 
• — (2013). Animals from the Bible (children's book). New Jersey: Parables & Books. ISBN 1939682053. 

References

External links

• His Holiness Patriarch Moran Mor Ignatius Aphrem II on Facebook

External media

Images
Official English letter announcing of the election of Ignatius Aphrem II as patriarch
Video
Announcements of New Patriarch Moran Mor Ignatius Aphrem II by Mor Severus Hawa the Locum Tenens on YouTube