Icelandic turf house

Turf houses of the burstabær style in Glaumbær

Interior of a reconstructed turf house in Fljótshlíð

Icelandic turf houses (Icelandic: torfbæir) were the product of a difficult climate, offering superior insulation compared to buildings solely made of wood or stone, and the relative difficulty in obtaining other construction materials in sufficient quantities.^[1]

30% of Iceland was forested when it was settled, mostly with birch. Oak was the preferred timber for building Norse halls in Scandinavia, but native birch had to serve as the primary framing material on the remote island. However, Iceland did have a large amount of turf that was suitable for construction. Some structures in Norway had turf roofs, so the notion of using this as a building material was not alien to many settlers.

Construction

Turf roof of a house in Glaumbær, Iceland

Peat wall, Glaumbaer, Iceland

The common Icelandic turf house would have a large foundation made of flat stones; upon this was built a wooden frame which would hold the load of the turf. The turf would then be fitted around the frame in blocks often with a second layer, or in the more fashionable herringbone style. The only external wood would be the doorway which would often be decorative; the doorway would lead into the hall which would commonly have a great fire. Another interesting aspect of the Icelandic turf house was the introduction of attached toilets, which were communal, and the act of going to the attached toilet was often done in large groups. The floor of a turf house could be covered with wood, stone or earth depending on the purpose of the building. They also contain grass on their roofs.

Evolution

Turf house with a wooden gafli in Iceland.

Icelandic architecture changed in many ways in the more than 1,000 years the turf houses were being constructed. The first evolutionary step happened in the 14th century, when the Viking style longhouses were gradually abandoned and replaced with many small and specialized interconnected buildings. Then in the late 18th century a new style started to gain momentum, the burstabær, with its wooden ends or gaflar.^[2] This is the most commonly depicted version of the Icelandic turf houses and many such survived well into the 20th century. This style was then slowly replaced with the urban building style of wooden house clothed in corrugated iron, which in turn was replaced with the earthquake resistant reinforced concrete building.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Icelandic turf houses.

• Earth sheltering
• Blackhouse

References

Hut dwelling designs and semi-permanent human shelters
Traditional immobile	Barabara Beehive house Bothy Burdei Bure Cleit Clochán Dugout Earth lodge Goahti Hogan Humpy Icelandic turf house Igloo Jacal Log cabin Maloca Mitato Musgum mud huts Nipa hut Oca Orri Palloza Pit-house Qargi Qarmaq Quiggly hole Quinzhee Rondavel Roundhouse Ruka Sassi di Matera Shieling Sukkah Tongkonan Trullo Wigwam, wickiup and wetu Zemlyanka
Traditional mobile	Chum Nomadic tents Shepherd's hut Tipi Yaranga Yurt and ger Ger district
Open-air	Beach fale Cabana Chickee Gazebo Palapa Pergola Ramada
Modern	Beach hut Hopper hut Iris hut Nissen hut Quonset hut Jamesway hut Romney hut Rondavel Slab hut Weatherport hut Wilderness hut Alpine club hut Mountain hut Winter room
Named huts	Bill Putnam hut Charit Creek Lodge Cootapatamba Hut Daveys Hut Granite Park Chalet Geehi Hut High Huts of the White Mountains High Sierra Camps Horse Camp Keebles Hut LeConte Lodge Len Foote Hike Inn Narcissus Hut New Pelion Hut Phantom Ranch Old Pelion Hut Seaman's Hut Sperry Chalet
Related topics	Cabanes du Breuil Circular linhay Earth sheltering Shack Shed Skellig Michael Stilt house Tent Thatching Transhumance Tree house Vernacular architecture Village des Bories
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