IWAS World Games
The International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports (IWAS) World Games (or IWAS World Games) are a multi-sport competition for athletes with a disability, which under the former name of the International Stoke Mandeville Games were the forerunner of the Paralympic Games. The competition has been formerly known as the World Wheelchair and Amputee Games, the Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Games, the Stoke Mandeville Games, the World Wheelchair Games, and in the 1960s and 1970s was often referred to as the Wheelchair Olympics.
The Games were originally held in 1948 by neurologist Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who organized a sporting competition involving World War II veterans with spinal cord injuries at the Stoke Mandeville Hospital rehabilitation facility in Aylesbury, England, taking place concurrently with the first post-war Summer Olympics in London. In 1952, the Netherlands joined in the event, creating the first international sports competition for the disabled. In 1960, the Ninth Stoke Mandeville Games were held in Rome, Italy, following that year's Olympic Games. These are considered to be the first Paralympic Games.[1] The 2012 Paralympic mascot Mandeville was named after Stoke Mandeville Hospital.[2]
While the Paralympic Games evolved to include athletes from all disability groups, the Stoke Mandeville games continued to be organized as a multi-sport event for wheelchair athletes. Games were held annually in Aylesbury under the direction of the International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation (ISMGF), which became the International Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Sports Federation (ISMWSF).
In 1999, the World Wheelchair Games were held in Christchurch, New Zealand. In 2003, the Games were again held in Christchurch, and combined with a competition for amputee athletes organized by the International Sports Organization for the Disabled. In 2004, ISMWSF and ISOD merged to create the International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS). The first games held under the name IWAS World Wheelchair and Amputee Games were held in 2005 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The second IWAS Games were held in 2007 in Chinese Taipei and the third IWAS games were held in Bangalore, India in November 2009.
Games by year (incomplete)
- 1948: Stoke Mandeville Games for the Paralyzed [3] July 28, 1948, archery competition, 16 competitors[4] (14 men, 2 women[5])
- 1949–1951: Stoke Mandeville Games
- 1952:Stoke Mandeville, England – First International Stoke Mandeville Games[6] A Dutch team participated, making it an international event[4]
- 1953–1959: International Stoke Mandeville Games (2nd–8th)
- 1960: 9th Annual International Stoke Mandeville Games, Rome, Italy – later known as the 1st Paralympic Games[7]
- 1961–1963: International Stoke Mandeville Games (10th–12th)
- 1964: 13th International Stoke Mandeville Games for the Paralysed, Tokyo, Japan – later known as the 2nd Paralympic Games[8]
- 1965–1967: International Stoke Mandeville Games (14th–16th)
- 1968: 17th International Stoke Mandeville Games, Tel Aviv, Israel [9] – later known as the 3rd Paralympic Games
- 1969–1972: International Stoke Mandeville Games (18th–20th)
- 1972: 21st International Stoke Mandeville Games, Heidelberg, Germany – later known as the 4th Paralympic Games[9][10]
- 1973–1975: International Stoke Mandeville Games
- 1976: None (5th Paralympic Year)
- 1977–1979: International Stoke Mandeville Games
- 1980: None (6th Paralympic Year)
- 1981–1983: International Stoke Mandeville Games
- 1984: None (7th Paralympic Year)
- 1985–1987: International Stoke Mandeville Games
- 1988: None (8th Paralympic Year)
- 1989–1991: International Stoke Mandeville Games
- 1992: None (9th Paralympic Year)
- 1993–1995: International Stoke Mandeville Games
- 1996: None (10th Paralympic Year)
- 1997–2000 – World Wheelchair Games
- 2000: None (11th Paralympic Year)
- 2001–2003: World Wheelchair Games[11]
- 2004: None (12th Paralympic Year)
- 2005: World Wheelchair and Amputee Games[12] – Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil. Over 700 athletes from 44 nations. Five events: track and field, table tennis, archery, shooting, and billiards.[13] - 2006 World Wheelchair and Amputee Games, Bangalore,
India - 2007: World Wheelchair and Amputee Games
Taipei[14] - 2008: None (13th Paralympic Year)
- 2009: IWAS World Games – Bangalore, India,[15][16][17]
- 2011: IWAS World Games – Sharjah,
United Arab Emirates – 1–10 December 2011[18] - 2012: None (14th Paralympic Year)
- 2013: IWAS World Games, Stadskanaal,
Netherlands - 2015: IWAS World Games, Sochi,
Russia
Spiele, Jahre, Austragungsorte
| Jahr | Name der Veranstaltung | Gastgeber |
|---|---|---|
| 1948 | Stoke Mandeville Games for the Paralysed |  United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
| 1949 | Stoke Mandeville Games | United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
| 1950 | Stoke Mandeville Games | United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
| 1951 | Stoke Mandeville Games | United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
| 1952 | 1. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
| 1953 | 2. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
| 1954 | 3. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
| 1955 | 4. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
| 1956 | 5. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
| 1957 | 6. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
| 1958 | 7. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
| 1959 | 8. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
| 1960 | 9. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games. Heute als 1. Sommer-Paralympics 1960 bezeichnet. |  Italy Rom |
| 1961 | 10. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1962 | 11. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1963 | 12. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1964 | 13. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games. Heute als 2. Sommer-Paralympics 1964 bezeichnet. |  Japan Tokio |
| 1965 | 14. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1966 | 15. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1967 | 16. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1968 | 17. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games. Heute als 3. Sommer-Paralympics 1968 bezeichnet. |  Israel Tel Aviv |
| 1969 | 18. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1970 | 19. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1971 | 20. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1972 | 21. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games. Heute als 4. Sommer-Paralympics 1972 bezeichnet. |  Germany Heidelberg |
| 1973 | 22. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1974 | 23. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1975 | 24. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1976 | 5. Sommer-Paralympics 1976 |  Canada Toronto |
| 1977 | 25. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1978 | 26. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1979 | 27. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1980 | 6. Sommer-Paralympics 1980 | Netherlands Arnheim |
| 1981 | 28. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1982 | 29. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1983 | 30. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1984 | 7. Sommer-Paralympics 1984 |  United States United Kingdom Stoke Mandeville |
| 1985 | 31. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1986 | 32. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1987 | 33. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1988 | 8. Sommer-Paralympics 1988 |  South Korea Seoul |
| 1989 | 34. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1990 | 35. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1991 | 36. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1992 | 9. Sommer-Paralympics 1992 |  Spain Barcelona |
| 1993 | 37. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1994 | 38. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1995 | 39. Internationale Stoke Mandeville Games | |
| 1996 | 10. Sommer-Paralympics 1996 | United States Atlanta |
Ab 1997 wurde die Veranstaltung der IWAS in World Wheelchair Games umbenannt.
| Jahr | Name der Veranstaltung | Gastgeber |
|---|---|---|
| 1997 | World Wheelchair Games | |
| 1998 | World Wheelchair Games | |
| 1999 | World Wheelchair Games |  New Zealand Christchurch |
| 2000 | 11. Sommer-Paralympics 2000 |  Australia Sydney |
| 2001 | World Wheelchair Games | |
| 2002 | World Wheelchair Games | |
| 2003 | World Wheelchair Games | New Zealand Christchurch |
| 2004 | 12. Sommer-Paralympics 2004 |  Greece Athen |
| 2005 | World Wheelchair and Amputee Games | Brazil Rio de Janeiro |
| 2006 | World Wheelchair and Amputee Games | India Bangalore |
| 2007 | World Wheelchair and Amputee Games |  China Taipeh |
| 2008 | 13. Sommer-Paralympics 2008 | China Peking |
| 2009 | IWAS World Games | India Bangalore[19] |
| 2011 | IWAS World Games | Template:VAE Sharjah |
| 2012 | 14. Sommer-Paralympics 2012 | United Kingdom London |
| 2013 | IWAS World Games | Netherlands Stadskanaal |
| 2015 | IWAS World Games | Russia Sotschi |
| 2016 | 15. Sommer-Paralympics 2016 | Brazil Rio de Janeiro |
| 2017 | IWAS World Games |  Portugal Vila Real de Santo António |
| 2018 | IWAS World Games | nicht vergeben |
IWAS World Games
Names :
- 1-International Stoke Mandeville Games (1948 to 1995 consist of four paralympic games) - 39 Editions
- 2-World Wheelchair Games (1997-2003) - 6 Editions
- 3-World Wheelchair and Amputee Games (2005-2007) - 3 Editions
- 4-IWAS World Games (2009 to 2017) - 5 Editions
| No. | Year | Host City | Events |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2009 | Bangalore, India |
|
| 2 | 2011 | Sharjah, UAE |
|
| 3 | 2013 | Stadskanaal, Netherlands |
|
| 4 | 2015 | Sochi, Russia |
|
| 5 | 2017 | Vila Real de Santo António, Portugal |
IWAS Under 23 World Games (IWAS Junior World Games)
| No. | Year | Host City | Events |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2005 | Stoke Mandeville, UK |
|
| 2 | 2006 |  -, Ireland |
|
| 3 | 2007 |  -, South Africa |
|
| 4 | 2008 | -, United States |
|
| 5 | 2009 |  Nottwill, Switzerland |
|
| 6 | 2010 |  Olomouc, Czech Republic |
|
| 7 | 2011 | Dubai, UAE |
|
| 8 | 2012 | Olomouc, Czech Republic |
|
| 9 | 2013 |  Mayaguez, Puerto Rico |
|
| 10 | 2014 | Stoke Mandeville, UK |
|
| 11 | 2015 | Stadskanaal, Netherlands |
|
| 12 | 2016 | Prague, Czech Republic |
- http://www.iwasf.com/iwasf/index.cfm/games/iwas-world-junior-games1111/past-games111/
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/IWAS_World_Games
IWAS World Junior Games / IWAS Under 23 World Games
Seit einigen Jahren werden durch die IWAS Federation zusätzlich auch Juniorenwettkämpfe ausgetragen, die bis 2015 IWAS World Junior Games hießen. Seit 2016 heißen sie IWAS Under 23 World Games und werden nur noch in Jahren mit geraden Zahlen ausgetragen.[20]
| Nr. | Jahr | Datum | Ort | Austragungsstätte | Ergebnisse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | 2005 | 6./7. Juli | Stoke Mandeville | Stadion | Result list |
| 2. | 2006 | 14.-16. Juli | Dublin | Stadion | Result list |
| 3. | 2007 | 4.-6. April | Ekurhuleni | Germiston Sports Precinct | Result list |
| 4. | 2008 | 18.-27. Juli | Piscataway | Results | |
| 5. | 2009 | 16.-19. Juli | Nottwil | SPZ Nottwil | Result list |
| 6. | 2010 | 19.-26. August | Olomouc | Results | |
| 7. | 2011 | 14.-21. April | Dubai | Result List | |
| 8. | 2012 | 19.-21. Juli | Olomouc | Results | |
| 9. | 2013 | 6.-14. August | Mayaguez | Central American Stadium | Ergebnisliste |
| 10. | 2014 | 3.-7. August | Stoke Mandeville | Results | |
| 11. | 2015 | 2.-8. Juli | Stadskanaal | Sportpark Stadskanaal | Ergebnisliste |
| 12. | 2016 | 29. Juni – 3. Juli | Prag | Results | |
See also
References
- ↑ Randi Druzin (September 5, 2008). "Paralympics traces roots to Second World War". CBC Sports.
- ↑ BBC Wenlock and Mandeville
- ↑ Paralympics: Where Heroes Come, by Dr. Robert Steadward and Cynthia Peterson. Edmonton, Alberta: One Shot Holdings Ltd., 1997, melazerte.com, May 30, 2010
- 1 2 Remembering Paralympics past, BBC, July 15, 2008
- ↑ The Paralympics: It all started with Veterans. Veteran Affairs Canada
- ↑ Chronology of Events in the Development of Wheelchair Basketball, International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (IWBF)
- ↑ Rome 1960, International Paralympic Committee (IPC)
- ↑ The Thirteenth International Stoke Mandeville Games for The Paralysed, dinf.ne.jp, March 17, 1999
- 1 2 Summer Games Governance 1960 to 1992, International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS)
- ↑ 21st Wheelchair Olympics, by Charles J. Bierbauer, The Pittsburgh Press, August 1, 1972, Google News Archive Search
- ↑ 2003 World Wheelchair Games / Jeux Mondiaux 2003, Canadian Wheelchair Sports Association
- ↑ 2005 World Wheelchair and Amputee Games, cwsa.ca
- ↑ 21. Sports – Accomplishments Abroad – The First IWAS World Wheelchair and Amputee Games, gio.gov.tw
- ↑ Singapore wins 14 medals at World Wheelchair and Amputee Games 2007, sglead.wordpress.com, September 18, 2007
- ↑ IWAS World Wheelchair & Amputee Games 2009, International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS)
- ↑ The Official Website of IWAS World Games 2009
- ↑ IWAS World Games 2009, International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS), November 24, 2009
- ↑ IWAS announced today that the bid to host the IWAS World Games, International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS), February 8, 2011
- ↑ Offizielle Webseite der IWAS World Games 2009
- ↑ IWAS announces a new look for their IWAS Games programme, auf: iwasf.com, abgerufen 9. September 2016
External links
- Summer Games Governance 1960 to 1992, IWAS
- IWAS World Games from the International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS) website
- "2012 – The Paralympics come home", BBC, July 4, 2008. A look back at the origins of the Stoke Mandeville Games.
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