ISO/IEC 646

ISO/IEC 646 is the name of a set of ISO standards, described as Information technology — ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange and developed in cooperation with ASCII at least since 1964.^[1]^[2] Since its first edition in 1967^[3] it has specified a 7-bit character code from which several national standards are derived.

ISO/IEC 646 was also ratified by ECMA as ECMA-6. The first version of ECMA-6 had been published in 1965,^[4] based on work the ECMA's Technical Committee TC1 had carried out since December 1960.^[4]

Characters in the ISO/IEC 646 Basic Character Set are invariant characters.^[5] Since that portion of ISO/IEC 646, that is the invariant character set shared by all countries, specified only those letters used in the ISO basic Latin alphabet, countries using additional letters needed to create national variants of ISO 646 to be able to use their native scripts. Since universal acceptance of the 8-bit byte did not exist at that time, the national characters had to be made to fit within the constraints of 7 bits, meaning that some characters that appear in ASCII do not appear in other national variants of ISO 646.

History

ISO/IEC 646 and its predecessor ASCII (ASA X3.4) largely endorsed existing practice regarding character encodings in the telecommunications industry.

As ASCII did not provide a number of characters needed for languages other than English, a number of national variants were made that substituted some less-used characters with needed ones. Due to the incompatibility of the various national variants, an International Reference Version (IRV) of ISO/IEC 646 was introduced, in an attempt to at least restrict the replaced set to the same characters in all variants. The original version (ISO 646 IRV) differed from ASCII only in that in code point 0x24, ASCII's dollar sign ($) was replaced by the international currency symbol (¤). The final 1991 version of the code ISO 646:1991 is also known as ITU T.50, International Reference Alphabet or IRA, formerly International Alphabet No. 5 (IA5). This standard allows users to exercise the 12 variable characters (i.e., two alternative graphic characters and 10 national defined characters). Among these exercises, ISO 646:1991 IRV (International Reference Version) is explicitly defined and identical to ASCII.^[6]

The ISO 8859 series of standards governing 8-bit character encodings supersede the ISO 646 international standard and its national variants, by providing 96 additional characters with the additional bit and thus avoiding any substitution of ASCII codes. The ISO 10646 standard, directly related to Unicode, supersedes all of the ISO 646 and ISO 8859 sets with one unified set of character encodings using a larger 21-bit value.

A legacy of ISO/IEC 646 is visible on Windows, where in many East Asian locales the backslash character used in filenames is rendered as ¥ or other characters such as ₩. Despite the fact that a different code for ¥ was available even on the original IBM PC's code page 437, so much text was created with the backslash code used for ¥ that even modern Windows fonts have found it necessary to render the code that way. Another legacy is the existence of trigraphs in the C programming language.

Published standards

ISO/R646-1967^[3]
ISO 646:1972^[7]
ISO 646:1983^[8]
ISO/IEC 646:1991^[7]^[9]
ECMA-6 (1965-04-30), first edition^[4]
ECMA-6 (1967-06), second edition^[3]^[4]
ECMA-6 (1970-07), third edition^[4]^[10]
ECMA-6 (1973-08), fourth edition^[4]^[10]
ECMA-6 (1984-12, 1985-03), fifth edition^[4]
ECMA-6 (1991-12, 1997-08), sixth edition^[7]

Code page layout

The following table shows the ISO/IEC 646 character set. Each character is shown with the hex code of its Unicode equivalent and the decimal value of the ISO/IEC 646 code. Grey shaded cells indicate code points with character glyphs that vary from region to region. These are discussed in detail below.

Legend:

Alphabetic

Control character

Numeric digit

Punctuation

Extended punctuation

Graphic character

International

Undefined

ISO/IEC 646(-INV)
	_0	_1	_2	_3	_4	_5	_6	_7	_8	_9	_A	_B	_C	_D	_E	_F
0_	NUL 0000 0	SOH 0001 1	STX 0002 2	ETX 0003 3	EOT 0004 4	ENQ 0005 5	ACK 0006 6	BEL 0007 7	BS 0008 8	HT 0009 9	LF 000A 10	VT 000B 11	FF 000C 12	CR 000D 13	SO 000E 14	SI 000F 15
1_	DLE 0010 16	DC1 0011 17	DC2 0012 18	DC3 0013 19	DC4 0014 20	NAK 0015 21	SYN 0016 22	ETB 0017 23	CAN 0018 24	EM 0019 25	SUB 001A 26	ESC 001B 27	FS 001C 28	GS 001D 29	RS 001E 30	US 001F 31
2_	SP 0020 32	! 0021 33	" 0022 34	35	36	% 0025 37	& 0026 38	' 0027 39	( 0028 40	) 0029 41	* 002A 42	+ 002B 43	, 002C 44	- 002D 45	. 002E 46	/ 002F 47
3_	0 0030 48	1 0031 49	2 0032 50	3 0033 51	4 0034 52	5 0035 53	6 0036 54	7 0037 55	8 0038 56	9 0039 57	: 003A 58	; 003B 59	< 003C 60	= 003D 61	> 003E 62	? 003F 63
4_	64	A 0041 65	B 0042 66	C 0043 67	D 0044 68	E 0045 69	F 0046 70	G 0047 71	H 0048 72	I 0049 73	J 004A 74	K 004B 75	L 004C 76	M 004D 77	N 004E 78	O 004F 79
5_	P 0050 80	Q 0051 81	R 0052 82	S 0053 83	T 0054 84	U 0055 85	V 0056 86	W 0057 87	X 0058 88	Y 0059 89	Z 005A 90	91	92	93	94	_ 005F 95
6_	96	a 0061 97	b 0062 98	c 0063 99	d 0064 100	e 0065 101	f 0066 102	g 0067 103	h 0068 104	i 0069 105	j 006A 106	k 006B 107	l 006C 108	m 006D 109	n 006E 110	o 006F 111
7_	p 0070 112	q 0071 113	r 0072 114	s 0073 115	t 0074 116	u 0075 117	v 0076 118	w 0077 119	x 0078 120	y 0079 121	z 007A 122	123	124	125	126	DEL 007F 127

National variants

Some national variants of ISO 646 are:

Code	ISO-IR	ISO ESC	Approved	National Standard	Description
CA	121	ESC 2/8 7/7	ISO 646	CSA Z243.4-1985-1	Canada (No. 1 alternative, with “î”) (French, classical) (Code page 1020^[11])
CA2	122	ESC 2/8 7/8	ISO 646	CSA Z243.4-1985-2	Canada (No. 2 alternative, with “É”) (French, reformed orthography)
CN	57^[12]	ESC 2/8 5/4	?	GB/T 1988-80	People's Republic of China (Basic Latin)
CU	151	ESC 2/8 2/1 4/1	ISO 646	NC 99-10:81 / NC NC00-10:81	Cuba (Spanish)
DANO	9-1^[13]	ESC 2/8 4/5^[13]	SIS?	NATS, main set	Norway and Denmark (journalistic texts)
?	9-2^[13]	ESC 2/8 4/6^[13]		NATS, additional set	Denmark and Norway
DE	21^[13]^[12]	ESC 2/8 4/11^[13]	ISO 646	DIN 66003	Germany (German) (Code page 1011,^[14] 20106^[15]^[16]^[17])
DK	—		?	DS 2089^[18]^[19]	Denmark (Danish) (Code page 1017^[20])
ES	17^[13]	ESC 2/8 5/10^[13]	ECMA	Olivetti	Spanish (international) (Code page 1023^[21])
ES2	85^[12]	ESC 2/8 6/8	ECMA	IBM	Spain (Basque, Castilian, Catalan, Galician) (Code page 1014^[22])
FI	10^[12]		ISO 646	SFS 4017	Finland (basic version) (Code page 1018^[23])
FR	69^[12]	ESC 2/8 6/6	ISO 646	AFNOR NF Z 62010-1982	France (French) (Code page 1010^[24])
FR1	25^[13]^[12]	ESC 2/8 5/2^[13]	ISO 646	AFNOR NF Z 62010-1973	France (obsolete since April 1985) (Code page 1104^[25])
GB	4^[13]^[12]	ESC 2/8 4/1^[13]	ISO 646	BS 4730	United Kingdom (English) (Code page 1013^[26])
GR	88	ESC 2/8 6/10	?	HOS ELOT 927	Greece (withdrawn in November 1986)
HU	86	ESC 2/8 6/9	ISO 646	MSZ 7795/3	Hungary (Hungarian)
IE	207		?	NSAI 433:1996	Ireland (Irish)
INV	170	ESC 2/8 2/1 4/2	ISO 646	ISO 646:1983	Invariant subset
(IRV)	2^[13]^[12]	ESC 2/8 4/0^[13]	ISO 646	ISO 646:1983 (but not in ISO/IEC 646:1991)	International Reference Version (Code page 1009,^[27] 20105^[15]^[16]^[28])
IS	?		?	?	Iceland (Icelandic)
IT	15^[13]^[12]	ESC 2/8 5/9^[13]	ECMA	UNI 0204-70 / Olivetti?	Italian (Code page 1012^[29])
JP	14^[13]^[12]	ESC 2/8 4/10^[13]	ISO 646	JIS C 6220-1969-ro	Japan (Romaji) (Code page 895^[30])
JP-OCR-B	92	ESC 2/8 6/14	ISO 646	JIS C 6229-1984-b	Japan (OCR-B)
KR	—		?	KS C 5636-1989	South Korea
MT	—		?	?	Malta (Maltese, English)
NL	—		ECMA	IBM	Netherlands (Dutch) (Code page 1019^[31])
NO	60^[12]	ESC 2/8 6/0	ISO 646	NS 4551 version 1^[12]	Norway (Code page 1016^[32])
NO2	61^[12]	ESC 2/8 6/1	ISO 646	NS 4551 version 2^[12]	Norway (obsolete since June 1987) (Code page 20108^[15]^[16]^[33])
pl	—			BN-74/3101-01	Poland (Polish has 18 letters with diacritical marks, but only 9 lowercase letters are normalized due to code space reasons.
PT	16^[12]	ESC 2/8 4/12	ECMA	Olivetti	Portuguese (international)
PT2	84^[12]	ESC 2/8 6/7	ECMA	IBM	Portugal (Portuguese, Spanish) (Code page 1015^[34]
SE	10^[13]^[12]	ESC 2/8 4/7^[13]	ISO 646	SEN 850200 Annex B, SIS 63 61 27	Sweden (basic Swedish) (Code page 1018,^[23] D47)
SE2	11^[13]^[12]	ESC 2/8 4/8^[13]	ISO 646	SEN 850200 Annex C, SIS 63 61 27	Sweden (extended Swedish for names) (Code page 20107,^[15]^[16]^[35] E47)
SEFI	8-1^[13]	ESC 2/8 4/3^[13]	SIS	NATS, main set	Sweden and Finland (journalistic texts)
?	8-2^[13]	ESC 2/8 4/4^[13]		NATS, additional set	Finland, Sweden
swi	—		ECMA	Olivetti	Switzerland (French, German) (Code page 1021^[36])
T.61	102	ESC 2/8 7/5	?	ITU/CCITT T.61 Recommendation	International (Teletex)
TW	—		?	CNS 5205-1996	Republic of China (Taiwan)
US / (IRV)	6^[13]^[12]	ESC 2/8 4/2^[13]	ISO 646	ANSI X3.4-1968 and ISO 646:1983 (also IRV in ISO/IEC 646:1991)	United States (ASCII, Code page 367,^[37] 20127^[15]^[16]^[38])
YU	141	ESC 2/8 7/10	ISO 646	JUS I.B1.002 (YUSCII)	former Yugoslavia (Croatian, Slovene, Serbian, Bosnian)
?	1^[13]	ESC 2/1 4/0^[13]	ISO 646		ISO 646 controls^[13]
?	7^[13]	ESC 2/1 4/1^[13]	ISO 646		Scandinavian newspaper controls^[13]
?	13^[13]^[12]	ESC 2/8 4/9^[13]	ISO 646	Hewlett-Packard	Katakana
?	18^[13]	ESC 2/8 5/11^[13]	ISO 646		Greek graphics
?	19^[13]	ESC 2/8 5/12^[13]	ISO 646		Latin-Greek graphics
?	26^[13]	ESC 2/1 4/3^[13]	ISO 646		IPTC controls^[13]
?	27^[13]	ESC 2/8 5/5^[13]	ECMA	Honeywell-Bull	Latin-Greek mixed graphics (Greek capitals only)^[13]
?	31^[13]	ESC 2/8 5/8^[13]			Greek alphabet set for bibliographic use^[13]
?	47	ESC 2/8 5/6		British Post Office	Viewdata and Teletext
?	49	ESC 2/8 5/7	IAEA	INIS	ISO 646 IRV subset

The specifics of the changes for some of these variants are given in this table:

Codes				Characters for each ISO 646 compatible charset
Binary	Oct	Dec	Hex	INV	T.61	US / IRV (1991)	JP	JP-OCR-B	KR	CN	TW	IRV (1983)	GB			DK	NO	NO2	FI / SE	SE2	DE	HU	FR	FR1	CA	CA2	IE	IS	IT	PT	PT2	ES	ES2	CU	MT	YU	NL	SEFI	DANO	swi	pl
Binary	Oct	Dec	Hex	170	102	6	14	92	---	57	---	2	4	18	19		60	61	10	11	21	86	69	25	121	122	207		15	16	84	17	85	151	---	141	---	8-1	9-1	---		27
010 0001	041	33	21	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	!	Ξ
010 0010	042	34	22	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	"	«	"	"	"
010 0011	043	35	23		#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	£	£	£	#	#	§	#	#	#	#	£	£	#	#	£	#	£	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	»	ù	#	Γ
010 0100	044	36	24		¤	$	$	$	$	¥	$	¤	$	$	$	¤	$	$	¤	¤	$	¤	$	$	$	$	$	$	$	$	$	$	$	¤	$	$	$	$	$	$	zł	¤
010 1001	047	39	27	'	'	'	'	'	'	'	'	’	’	’	’	’	’	’	’	’	’	’	’	’	’	’	’	'	’	’	’	’	’	’	’	’	’	’	’	’	'	Ψ
010 1100	054	44	2C	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	,	ΠΗΝ?
100 0000	100	64	40		@	@	@	@	@	@	@	@	@	´	@	@	@	@	@	É	§	Á	à	à	à	à	Ó	Ð	§	§	´	§	·	@	@	Ž	@			à	ę	Δ
101 1011	133	91	5B		[	[	[	[	[	[	[	[	[	[	[	Æ	Æ	Æ	Ä	Ä	Ä	É	°	°	â	â	É	Þ	°	Ã	Ã	¡	¡	¡	ġ	Š	[	Ä	Æ	é	ź	Ω
101 1100	134	92	5C			\	¥	¥	₩	\	\	\	\	\	\	Ø	Ø	Ø	Ö	Ö	Ö	Ö	ç	ç	ç	ç	Í	\	ç	Ç	Ç	Ñ	Ñ	Ñ	ż	Đ	\	Ö	Ø	ç	\	Θ
101 1101	135	93	5D		]	]	]	]	]	]	]	]	]	]	]	Å	Å	Å	Å	Å	Ü	Ü	§	§	ê	ê	Ú	Æ	é	Õ	Õ	¿	Ç	]	ħ	Ć	]	Å	Å	ê	ń	Φ
101 1110	136	94	5E			^	^	^	^	^	^	ˆ	ˆ	ˆ	ˆ	Ü	ˆ	ˆ	ˆ	Ü	ˆ	ˆ	^	ˆ	î	É	Á	Ö	ˆ	ˆ	ˆ	ˆ	¿	¿	ˆ	Č	ˆ	■	■	î	ś	Λ
101 1111	137	95	5F	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	è	_	Σ
110 0000	140	96	60			`	`		`	`	`	`	`	`	`	`	`	`	`	é	`	á	µ	µ	ô	ô	ó	ð	ù	`	`	`	`	`	ċ	ž	`			ô	ą	`
111 1011	173	123	7B			{	{	{	{	{	{	{	{	{	{	æ	æ	æ	ä	ä	ä	é	é	é	é	é	é	þ	à	ã	ã	°	´	´	Ġ	š	{	ä	æ	ä	ó	{
111 1100	174	124	7C		\|	\|	\|	\|	\|	\|	\|	\|	\|	\|	\|	ø	ø	ø	ö	ö	ö	ö	ù	ù	ù	ù	í	\|	ò	ç	ç	ñ	ñ	ñ	Ż	đ	\|	ö	ø	ö	ł	\|
111 1101	175	125	7D			}	}	}	}	}	}	}	}	}	}	å	å	å	å	å	ü	ü	è	è	è	è	ú	æ	è	õ	õ	ç	ç	[	Ħ	ć	}	å	å	ü	ż	}
111 1110	176	126	7E			~	‾		‾	‾	‾	˜	‾	‾	¨	ü	¯	\|	¯	ü	ß	˝	¨	¨	û	û	á	ö	ì	°	˜	˜	¨	¨	Ċ	č	¯	–	–	û	ć	‾

In the table above, the cells with non-white background emphasize the differences from the US variant used in the Basic Latin subset of ISO/IEC 10646 and Unicode.

The characters displayed in cells with red background could be used as combining characters, when preceded or followed with a backspace C0 control. This encoding method may be considered deprecated.

Later, when wider character sets gained more acceptance, ISO 8859, vendor-specific character sets and eventually Unicode became the preferred methods of coding most of these variants.

Variants of ASCII that are not ISO 646

There are also some 7-bit character sets that are not officially part of the ISO 646 standard. Examples include:

7-bit Greek, ELOT 927. The Greek alphabet is mapped to positions 0x61–0x71 and 0x73–0x79, on top of the Latin lowercase letters.
7-bit Cyrillic, KOI-7 or Short KOI. The Cyrillic characters are mapped to positions 0x60–0x7E, on top of the Latin lowercase letters. Superseded by the KOI-8 variants.
7-bit Hebrew, SI 960. The Hebrew alphabet is mapped to positions 0x60–0x7A, on top of the lowercase Latin letters (and grave accent for aleph). 7-bit Hebrew was always stored in visual order. This mapping with the high bit set, i.e. with the Hebrew letters in 0xE0–0xFA, is ISO 8859-8.
7-bit Arabic, ASMO 449. The Arabic alphabet is mapped to positions 0x41–0x5A and 0x60–0x6A, on top of both uppercase and lowercase Latin letters.

References

↑ Mullendore, Ralph Elvin (1964) [1963]. Ptak, John F., ed. "On the Early Development of ASCII - The History of ASCII". JF Ptak Science Books (published March 2012). Archived from the original on 2016-05-26. Retrieved 2016-05-26.
↑ 6 and 7 Bit Coded Character Sets for Information Processing Interchange (draft), International Organization for Standardization, July 1964 (NB. 21 pages. With cover letter for the members of the X3.2 and Task Groups from Eric Clamons.)
1 2 3 Mackenzie, Charles E. (1980). Coded Character Sets, History and Development. The Systems Programming Series (1 ed.). Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. pp. 7, 9, 412. ISBN 0-201-14460-3. LCCN 77-90165. ISBN 978-0-201-14460-4. Retrieved 2016-05-22.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Standard ECMA-6: 7-Bit Coded Character Set (PDF) (5th ed.). Geneva, Switzerland: European Computer Manufacturers Association (Ecma). March 1985. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 29, 2016. Retrieved 2016-05-29. The Technical Committee TC1 of ECMA met for the first time in December 1960 to prepare standard codes for Input/Output purposes. On April 30, 1965, Standard ECMA-6 was adopted by the General Assembly of ECMA.
↑ Bodfish, John; Wilson, Mark; Gregory, Stephen; Nye, Julie Blume. Bodfish, John, ed. "Invariant Character Handling". NISO Circulation Interchange Protocol. Colorado Department of Education, USA: NCIP Standing Committee (NCIP-SC). Archived from the original on 2013-12-24. Retrieved 2016-05-30.
↑ Demchenko, Yuri (2000) [1997]. "International Standardization of 7-Bit Codes, ISO 646". TERENA. 4. Archived from the original on 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
1 2 3 Standard ECMA-6: 7-Bit coded Character Set (PDF) (6th ed.). Geneva, Switzerland: European Computer Manufacturers Association (Ecma). August 1997 [December 1991]. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-05-29. Retrieved 2016-05-29.
↑ "Information processing -- ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange". 1983-07-01. ISO 646:1983. Archived from the original on 2016-05-30. Retrieved 2016-05-30.
↑ "Information technology -- ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange" (3rd ed.). 1991-12-16. ISO/IEC 646:1991. Archived from the original on 2016-05-30. Retrieved 2016-05-30.
1 2 Standard ECMA-6: 7-Bit Input/Output Coded Character Set (PDF) (4th ed.). Geneva, Switzerland: European Computer Manufacturers Association (Ecma). August 1973. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-05-29. Retrieved 2016-05-29.
↑ "SBCS code page information - CPGID: 01020 / Name: Canadian (French) Variant". IBM Software: Globalization: Coded character sets and related resources: Code pages by CPGID: Code page identifiers. 1. IBM. 1992-10-01. Archived from the original on 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 "HP PCL/PJL Reference PCL 5 Comparison Guide" (PDF) (2 ed.). Hewlett-Packard Company, LP. June 2003. HP part-number 502-0378. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-10. Retrieved 2016-08-10.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 Bemer, Robert William (1980). "Chapter 1: Inside ASCII". General Purpose Software. Best of Interface Age. 2. Portland, OR, USA: dilithium Press. pp. 1–50. ISBN 0-918398-37-1. LCCN 79-67462. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-08-27. Retrieved 2016-08-27, from: Bemer, Robert William (May 1978). "Inside ASCII - Part I". Interface Age. Portland, OR, USA: dilithium Press. 3 (5): 96–102. , Bemer, Robert William (June 1978). "Inside ASCII - Part II". Interface Age. Portland, OR, USA: dilithium Press. 3 (6): 64–74. , Bemer, Robert William (July 1978). "Inside ASCII - Part III". Interface Age. Portland, OR, USA: dilithium Press. 3 (7): 80–87.
↑ "SBCS code page information - CPGID: 01011 / Name: 7-Bit Germany F.R.". IBM Software: Globalization: Coded character sets and related resources: Code pages by CPGID: Code page identifiers. 1. IBM. 1987-08-01. Archived from the original on 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
1 2 3 4 5 "Code Page Identifiers". Microsoft Developer Network. Microsoft. 2014. Archived from the original on 2016-06-19. Retrieved 2016-06-19.
1 2 3 4 5 "Web Encodings - Internet Explorer - Encodings". WHATWG Wiki. 2012-10-23. Archived from the original on 2016-06-20. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
↑ Foller, Antonin (2014) [2011]. "German (IA5) encoding - Windows charsets". WUtils.com - Online web utility and help. Motobit Software. Archived from the original on 2016-06-20. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
↑ Danish Standard DS 2089: Application of ISO 7-bit coded character set. February 1974. UDC 681.3:003.62.
↑ Stroustrup, Bjarne (1994-03-29). Design and Evolution of C++ (1st ed.). Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. ISBN 0-201-54330-3.
↑ "SBCS code page information - CPGID: 01017 / Name: 7-Bit Denmark". IBM Software: Globalization: Coded character sets and related resources: Code pages by CPGID: Code page identifiers. 1. IBM. 1987-08-01. Archived from the original on 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
↑ "SBCS code page information - CPGID: 01023 / Name: Spain Variant". IBM Software: Globalization: Coded character sets and related resources: Code pages by CPGID: Code page identifiers. 1. IBM. 1992-10-01. Archived from the original on 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
↑ "SBCS code page information - CPGID: 01014 / Name: 7-Bit Spain". IBM Software: Globalization: Coded character sets and related resources: Code pages by CPGID: Code page identifiers. 1. IBM. 1987-10-01. Archived from the original on 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
1 2 "SBCS code page information - CPGID: 01018 / Name: 7-Bit Finland/Sweden". IBM Software: Globalization: Coded character sets and related resources: Code pages by CPGID: Code page identifiers. 1. IBM. 1987-08-01. Archived from the original on 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
↑ "SBCS code page information - CPGID: 01010 / Name: 7-Bit France". IBM Software: Globalization: Coded character sets and related resources: Code pages by CPGID: Code page identifiers. 1. IBM. 1987-08-01. Archived from the original on 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
↑ "SBCS code page information - CPGID: 01104 / Name: French NRC Set". IBM Software: Globalization: Coded character sets and related resources: Code pages by CPGID: Code page identifiers. 1. IBM. 1987-08-01. Archived from the original on 2016-06-21. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
↑ "SBCS code page information - CPGID: 01013 / Name: 7-Bit United Kingdom". IBM Software: Globalization: Coded character sets and related resources: Code pages by CPGID: Code page identifiers. 1. IBM. 1987-08-01. Archived from the original on 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
↑ "SBCS code page information - CPGID: 01009 / Name: ISO IRV". IBM Software: Globalization: Coded character sets and related resources: Code pages by CPGID: Code page identifiers. 1. IBM. 1990-04-01. Archived from the original on 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
↑ Foller, Antonin (2014) [2011]. "Western European (IA5) encoding - Windows charsets". WUtils.com - Online web utility and help. Motobit Software. Archived from the original on 2016-06-20. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
↑ "SBCS code page information - CPGID: 01012 / Name: 7-Bit Italy". IBM Software: Globalization: Coded character sets and related resources: Code pages by CPGID: Code page identifiers. 1. IBM. 1987-08-01. Archived from the original on 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
↑ "SBCS code page information - CPGID: 00895 / Name: Japan 7-Bit Latin". IBM Software: Globalization: Coded character sets and related resources: Code pages by CPGID: Code page identifiers. 1. IBM. 1986-10-01. Archived from the original on 2016-06-18. Retrieved 2016-06-18.
↑ "SBCS code page information - CPGID: 01019 / Name: 7-Bit Netherlands". IBM Software: Globalization: Coded character sets and related resources: Code pages by CPGID: Code page identifiers. 1. IBM. 1987-08-01. Archived from the original on 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
↑ "SBCS code page information - CPGID: 01016 / Name: 7-Bit Norway". IBM Software: Globalization: Coded character sets and related resources: Code pages by CPGID: Code page identifiers. 1. IBM. 1987-08-01. Archived from the original on 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
↑ Foller, Antonin (2014) [2011]. "Norwegian (IA5) encoding - Windows charsets". WUtils.com - Online web utility and help. Motobit Software. Archived from the original on 2016-06-20. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
↑ "SBCS code page information - CPGID: 01015 / Name: 7-Bit Portugal". IBM Software: Globalization: Coded character sets and related resources: Code pages by CPGID: Code page identifiers. 1. IBM. 1987-08-01. Archived from the original on 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
↑ Foller, Antonin (2014) [2011]. "Swedish (IA5) encoding - Windows charsets". WUtils.com - Online web utility and help. Motobit Software. Archived from the original on 2016-06-20. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
↑ "SBCS code page information - CPGID: 01021 / Name: Switzerland Variant". IBM Software: Globalization: Coded character sets and related resources: Code pages by CPGID: Code page identifiers. 1. IBM. 1992-10-01. Archived from the original on 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
↑ "SBCS code page information - CPGID: 00367 / Name: ASCII". IBM Software: Globalization: Coded character sets and related resources: Code pages by CPGID: Code page identifiers. 1. IBM. 1978-01-01. Archived from the original on 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
↑ Foller, Antonin (2014) [2011]. "US-ASCII encoding - Windows charsets". WUtils.com - Online web utility and help. Motobit Software. Archived from the original on 2016-06-20. Retrieved 2016-06-20.

External links

Zeichensatz nach ISO 646 (ASCII) (in German)
History at GNU Aspell website
ISO646 Character Tables Character Tables by Koichi Yasuoka (安岡孝) (see Domestic ISO646 Character Tables and Quasi-ISO646 Character Tables)
Turkish Text Deasciifier a tool (based on statistical pentagram analysis of the Turkish language) which reverts an ASCII'fied Turkish text by determining the appropriate (but ambiguous) diacritics normally needed in Turkish but missing in the US-ASCII set.

List of International Electrotechnical Commission standards
IEC standards	IEC 60027 IEC 60034 IEC 60038 IEC 60062 IEC 60063 IEC 60068 IEC 60112 IEC 60228 IEC 60269 IEC 60297 IEC 60309 IEC 60320 IEC 60364 IEC 60446 IEC 60559 IEC 60601 IEC 60870 IEC 60870-5 IEC 60870-6 IEC 60906-1 IEC 60908 IEC 60929 IEC 60958 AES3 S/PDIF IEC 61030 IEC 61131 IEC 61131-3 IEC 61158 IEC 61162 IEC 61334 IEC 61346 IEC 61355 IEC 61400 IEC 61499 IEC 61508 IEC 61511 IEC 61850 IEC 61883 IEC 61960 IEC 61968 IEC 61970 IEC 62014-4 IEC 62056 IEC 62061 IEC 62196 IEC 62262 IEC 62264 IEC 62304 IEC 62325 IEC 62351 IEC 62365 IEC 62366 IEC 62379 IEC 62386 IEC 62455 IEC 62680 IEC 62682 IEC 62700
ISO/IEC standards	ISO/IEC 646 ISO/IEC 2022 ISO/IEC 5218 ISO/IEC 6429 ISO/IEC 6523 ISO/IEC 7810 ISO/IEC 7811 ISO/IEC 7812 ISO/IEC 7813 ISO/IEC 7816 ISO/IEC 7942 ISO/IEC 8613 ISO/IEC 8632 ISO/IEC 8652 ISO/IEC 8859 ISO/IEC 9126 ISO/IEC 9293 ISO/IEC 9592 ISO/IEC 9593 ISO/IEC 9899 ISO/IEC 9945 ISO/IEC 9995 ISO/IEC 10021 ISO/IEC 10116 ISO/IEC 10165 ISO/IEC 10179 ISO/IEC 10646 ISO/IEC 10967 ISO/IEC 11172 ISO/IEC 11179 ISO/IEC 11404 ISO/IEC 11544 ISO/IEC 11801 ISO/IEC 12207 ISO/IEC 13250 ISO/IEC 13346 ISO/IEC 13522-5 ISO/IEC 13568 ISO/IEC 13818 ISO/IEC 14443 ISO/IEC 14496 ISO/IEC 14882 ISO/IEC 15288 ISO/IEC 15291 ISO/IEC 15408 ISO/IEC 15444 ISO/IEC 15445 ISO/IEC 15504 ISO/IEC 15511 ISO/IEC 15693 ISO/IEC 16262 ISO/IEC 17024 ISO/IEC 17025 ISO/IEC 18000 ISO/IEC 18004 ISO/IEC 18014 ISO/IEC 19752 ISO/IEC 19757 ISO/IEC 19770 ISO/IEC 19788 ISO/IEC 20000 ISO/IEC 21000 ISO/IEC 21827 ISO/IEC 23003 ISO/IEC 23270 ISO/IEC 23360 ISO/IEC 24707 ISO/IEC 24727 ISO/IEC 24744 ISO/IEC 26300 ISO/IEC 27000 ISO/IEC 27000-series ISO/IEC 27002 ISO/IEC 27040 ISO/IEC 29119 ISO/IEC 33001 ISO/IEC 42010 ISO/IEC 80000 ISO/IEC 38500 ISO/IEC 4909
Related	International Electrotechnical Commission

Character encodings
Early telecommunications	ASCII ISO/IEC 646 ISO/IEC 6937 T.61 BCDIC Baudot code Morse code Telegraph code Wabun code Special telegraphy codes Non-Latin Chinese Cyrillic Needle telegraph codes
ISO/IEC 8859	-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -15 -16
Bibliographic use	ANSEL ISO 5426 / 5426-2 / 5427 / 5428 / 6438 / 6861 / 6862 / 10585 / 10586 / 10754 / 11822 MARC-8
National standards	ArmSCII BraSCII CNS 11643 ELOT 927 GOST 10859 GB 18030 HKSCS ISCII JIS X 0201 JIS X 0208 JIS X 0212 JIS X 0213 KOI-7 KPS 9566 KS X 1001 PASCII SI 960 TIS-620 TSCII VISCII YUSCII
EUC	CN JP KR TW
ISO/IEC 2022	CN JP KR CCCII
MacOS code pages ("scripts")	Arabic Celtic CentEuro ChineseSimp / EUC-CN ChineseTrad / Big5 Croatian Cyrillic Devanagari Dingbats Esperanto Farsi Gaelic Greek Gujarati Gurmukhi Hebrew Iceland Japanese / ShiftJIS Korean / EUC-KR Latin-1 Roman Romanian Sámi Symbol Thai / TIS-620 Turkish Ukrainian
DOS code pages	100 111 112 113 151 152 161 162 163 164 165 166 210 220 301 437 449 489 620 667 668 707 708 709 710 711 714 715 720 721 737 768 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 790 850 851 852 853 854 855/872 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864/17248 865 866/808 867 868 869 874/1161/1162 876 877 878 881 882 883 884 885 891 895 896 897 898 899 900 903 904 906 907 909 910 911 926 927 928 929 932 934 936 938 941 942 943 944 946 947 948 949 950/1370 951 966 991 1034 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1046 1086 1088 1092 1093 1098 1108 1109 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1125/848 1126 1127 1131/849 1139 1167 1168 1300 1351 1361 1362 1363 1372 1373 1374 1375 1380 1381 1385 1386 1391 1392 1393 1394 Kamenický Mazovia CWI-2 KOI8 MIK Iran System
IBM AIX code pages	367 371 806 813 819 895 896 912 913 914 915 916 919 920 921/901 922/902 923 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 963 964 965 970 971 1004 1006 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1029 1036 1089 1111 1124 1129/1163 1133 1350 1382 1383
IBM Apple MacIntosh emulations	1275 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286
IBM Adobe emulations	1038 1276 1277
IBM DEC emulations	1020 1021 1023 1090 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1287 1288
IBM HP emulations	1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058
Windows code pages	CER-GS 874/1162 (TIS-620) 932/943 (Shift JIS) 936/1386 (GBK) 950/1370 (Big5) 949/1363 (EUC-KR) 1169 1174 Extended Latin-8 1200 (UTF-16LE) 1201 (UTF-16BE) 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1259 1261 1270 54936 (GB18030)
EBCDIC code pages	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37/1140 38 39 40 251 252 254 256 257 258 259 260 264 273/1141 274 275 276 277/1142 278/1143 279 280/1144 281 282 283 284/1145 285/1146 286 287 288 289 290 293 297/1147 298 300 310 320 321 322 330 351 352 353 355 357 358 359 360 361 363 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 410 420/16804 421 423 424/8616/12712 425 435 500/1148 803 829 833 834 835 836 837 838/838 839 870/1110/1153 871/1149 875/4971/9067 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 892 893 905 918 924 930/1390 931 933/1364 935/1388 937/1371 939/1399 1001 1002 1003 1005 1007 1024 1025/1154 1026/1155 1027 1028 1030 1031 1032 1033 1037 1047 1068 1069 1070 1071 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1087 1091 1097 1112/1156 1113 1122/1157 1123/1158 1130/1164 1132 1136 1137 1150 1151 1152 1159 1165 1166 1278 1279 1303 1364 1376 1377 JEF KEIS
Platform specific	Acorn Adobe Standard Apple II ATASCII Atari ST BICS Casio calculators CDC CPC DEC Radix-50 DEC MCS/NRCS DG International ELWRO-Junior FIELDATA GEM GEOS GSM 03.38 HP Roman Extension HP Roman-8 HP Roman-9 HP calculators LICS LMBCS MSX NEC APC NeXT PCW PETSCII Sharp calculators TI calculators TRS-80 Ventura International Ventura Symbol WISCII XCCS ZX80 ZX81 ZX Spectrum
Unicode / ISO/IEC 10646	UTF-1 UTF-7 UTF-8 UTF-16 (UTF-16LE/UTF-16BE) / UCS-2 UTF-32 (UTF-32LE/UTF-32BE) / UCS-4 UTF-EBCDIC GB 18030 BOCU-1 CESU-8 SCSU
Miscellaneous code pages	ABICOMP APL ARIB STD-B24 Cork HZ INIS INIS-8 Johab LY1 OML OMS OT1 SEASCII TACE16 TRON UTF-5 UTF-6 WTF-8
Related topics	Code page Control character (C0 C1) CCSID Character encodings in HTML Charset detection Han unification Hardware ISO 6429/IEC 6429/ANSI X3.64 Mojibake
Character sets

Standards of Ecma International
Application interfaces	ANSI escape code Common Language Infrastructure Office Open XML OpenXPS
File systems (tape)	Advanced Intelligent Tape DDS DLT Super DLT Holographic Versatile Disc Linear Tape-Open (Ultrium-1) VXA
File systems (disk)	CD-ROM CD File System (CDFS) FAT FAT12 FAT16 FAT16B FD UDF Ultra Density Optical Universal Media Disc
Graphics	Universal 3D
Programming languages	C++/CLI C# Eiffel JavaScript (E4X, ECMAScript)
Radio link interfaces	NFC UWB
Other	ECMA-35
List of Ecma standards (1961 - Present)

ISO standards by standard number
List of ISO standards / ISO romanizations / IEC standards
1–9999	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 16 31 -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 128 216 217 226 228 233 259 269 302 306 428 518 519 639 -1 -2 -3 -5 -6 646 690 732 764 843 898 965 1000 1004 1007 1073-1 1413 1538 1745 1989 2014 2015 2022 2047 2108 2145 2146 2240 2281 2709 2711 2788 2848 2852 3029 3103 3166 -1 -2 -3 3297 3307 3602 3864 3901 3977 4031 4157 4217 4909 5218 5428 5775 5776 5800 5964 6166 6344 6346 6385 6425 6429 6438 6523 6709 7001 7002 7098 7185 7200 7498 7736 7810 7811 7812 7813 7816 8000 8178 8217 8571 8583 8601 8632 8652 8691 8807 8820-5 8859 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -8-I -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -15 -16 8879 9000/9001 9075 9126 9293 9241 9362 9407 9506 9529 9564 9594 9660 9897 9899 9945 9984 9985 9995
10000–19999	10005 10006 10007 10116 10118-3 10160 10161 10165 10179 10206 10218 10303 -11 -21 -22 -28 -238 10383 10487 10585 10589 10646 10664 10746 10861 10957 10962 10967 11073 11170 11179 11404 11544 11783 11784 11785 11801 11898 11940 (-2) 11941 11941 (TR) 11992 12006 12182 12207 12234-2 13211 -1 -2 13216 13250 13399 13406-2 13450 13485 13490 13567 13568 13584 13616 14000 14031 14224 14289 14396 14443 14496 -2 -3 -6 -10 -11 -12 -14 -17 -20 14644 14649 14651 14698 14750 14764 14882 14971 15022 15189 15288 15291 15292 15398 15408 15444 -3 15445 15438 15504 15511 15686 15693 15706 -2 15707 15897 15919 15924 15926 15926 WIP 15930 16023 16262 16612-2 16750 16949 (TS) 17024 17025 17100 17203 17369 17442 17799 18000 18004 18014 18245 18629 18916 19005 19011 19092 (-1 -2) 19114 19115 19125 19136 19439 19500 19501 19502 19503 19505 19506 19507 19508 19509 19510 19600:2014 19752 19757 19770 19775-1 19794-5 19831
20000+	20000 20022 20121 20400 21000 21047 21500 21827:2002 22000 23270 23271 23360 24517 24613 24617 24707 25178 25964 26000 26300 26324 27000 series 27000 27001:2005 27001:2013 27002 27006 27729 28000 29110 29148 29199-2 29500 30170 31000 32000 38500 40500 42010 55000 80000 -1 -2 -3
Category

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