Tahltan language

Tahltan
Tałtan ẕāke
Native to Canada
Ethnicity 2,460 Tahltan people (2014, FPCC)[1]
Native speakers
 45 (2014, FPCC)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3 tht
Glottolog tahl1239[2]

Tahltan is a poorly documented Northern Athabaskan language historically spoken by the Tahltan people (also "Nahanni") who live in northern British Columbia around Telegraph Creek, Dease Lake, and Iskut. Tahltan is a critically endangered language.[3] Several linguists classify Tahltan as a dialect of the same language as Tagish and Kaska (Krauss and Golla 1981, Mithun 1999).

Language revitalization

As of May 2013, language researcher Dr. Judy Thompson estimated that there are 30 Tahltan speakers. A new Language and Culture office is exploring evening "language immersion" classes, a Master-Apprentice program, and creating a "language nest" for teaching the language to young children. Scholarships are planned for part-time language learners.[4]

Lacking written documentation, it was unclear to the language revitalization coordinator how to teach the language, and how to explain the grammar. "After a year of study, Oscar Dennis says he, along with Reginald and Ryan Dennis, have finally cracked the code on Tahltan language’s fundamental patterns."[5] As a Dene language, like Navajo, Tahltan has “encoded” patterns in which small pieces are added to words to create meaning. "Dr. Gregory Anderson from the Living Tongues Institute visited our territory, and was so impressed with the team’s work that he said he 'couldn’t improve upon it.'"[5]

A digital archive of Tahltan recordings, located "at the Tahltan Language Revitalization Offices in Dease Lake, Iskut and Telegraph Creek" can be used on iPods.[5]

Phonology

Consonants

There are 56[6] consonants:

Bilabial Inter-
dental		 Dental Post-
alveolar		 Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
central lateral plain labial
Nasal plain m n
voiceless n̥
glottalized nʼ
Plosive voiced b d ɡ ɡʷ
unaspirated p t k kʷ q
aspirated kʰ kʷʰ qʰ
ejective tʼ kʼ kʼʷ qʼ ʔ
Affricate voiced dð dz dl dʒ
unaspirated tθ ts tɬ tʃ
aspirated tθʰ tsʰ tɬʰ tʃʰ
ejective tθʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ
Fricative voiceless θ s ɬ ʃ ç x xʷ χ h
voiced ð z ɮ ʒ ɣ ɣʷ ʁ
Approximant l j w

Vowels

Short Long
Close i iː
ɪ
Mid-front ɛ ɛː
Open a aː
Back-mid ɔ oː
Back-close ʊ uː

[6][7]

Phonological processes

References

  1. 1 2 Tahltan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Tahltan". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ↑ Alderete, John forthcoming: On tone length in Tahltan (Northern Athabaskan). In: Hargus, Sharon and Keren Rice (eds.): Athabaskan Prosody. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
  4. ↑ "Learn Tahltan language, save our culture". Tahltan Central Council. 2013-05-03. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  5. 1 2 3 "Mystery of Tahltan language "code" revealed". Tahltan Central Council. 2013-05-03. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  6. 1 2 Alderete, John. "Language documentation strategies for Tahltan verb words with special attention to subject prefixes" (PDF). Retrieved 2017-02-18.
  7. ↑ Nater, Hank (1989). Some Comments on the Phonology of Tahltan. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Cook, Eung-Do. (1972). Stress and Related Rules in Tahltan. International Journal of American Linguistics, 38, 231-233.
  • Gafos, Adamantios. (1999). The Articulatory Basis of Locality in Phonology. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc. ISBN 0-8153-3286-6. (Revised version of the author's doctoral dissertation, Johns Hopkins University).
  • Hardwick, Margaret F. (1984). Tahltan Phonology and Morphology. (Unpublished M.A. thesis, University of Toronto, Ontario).
  • Krauss, Michael E. and Victor Golla. 1981. Northern Athapaskan Languages. In Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 17: Languages. Ives Goddard, ed. Pp. 67-85. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  • Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
  • Nater, Hank. (1989). Some Comments on the Phonology of Tahltan. International Journal of American Linguistics, 55, 25-42.
  • Poser, William J. (2003). The Status of Documentation for British Columbia Native Languages. Yinka Dene Language Institute Technical Report (No. 2). Vanderhoof, British Columbia: Yinka Dene Language Institute.
  • Shaw, Patricia. (1991). Consonant Harmony Systems: The Special Status of Coronal Harmony. In Paradis, C. & Prunet, J.-F. (Eds.), Phonetics and Phonology 2, the Special Status of Coronals: Internal and External Evidence (pp. 125–155). London: Academic Press.


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