Ngaju language
| Ngaju | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Kalimantan |
Native speakers | 890,000 (2003)[1] |
|
Austronesian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
nij |
| Glottolog |
ngaj1237[2] |
Ngaju is an Austronesian language spoken along the Kapuas, Kahayan, Katingan, and Mentaya Rivers in Central Borneo, Indonesia. It is closely related to Bakumpai language. There are three dialects—Pulopetak, Ba'amang, and Mantangai.[3]
Phonology
Consonants
Ngaju has the following consonants.[4]
| Biabial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||||
| Stop | p | b | t | d | c | ɟ | k | g | ||
| Fricative | s | h | ||||||||
| Approximant (Lateral) |
j | w | ||||||||
| l | ||||||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||||
Vowels
Ngaju has the following vowels. All vowels except ə can be long.[5]
| Front | Central | Back rounded | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Mid | e | ə | o |
| Low | a |
Vocabulary
Vocabulary comparison between Bakumpai, Ngaju, Indonesian and English languages.
| Bakumpai | Ngaju | Indonesian | English |
| Jida | Dia | Tidak | No |
| Beken | Beken | Bukan | Not |
| Pai | Pai | Kaki | Foot / Leg |
| Kueh | Kueh | Mana | Which / Where |
| Si-kueh | Bara-kueh | Dari mana | Where from |
| Hituh | Hetuh | Sini | Here |
| Si-hituh | Intu-hetuh | Di sini | Here |
| Bara | Bara | Dari | From |
| Kejaw | Kejaw | Jauh | Far |
| Tukep / Parak | Tukep | Dekat | Near |
| Kuman | Kuman | Makan | Eat |
| Mihup | Mihop | Minum | Drink |
| Lebu | Lewu | Kampung | Village |
| Batatapas | Bapukan | Mencuci pakaian | To wash clothes |
Notes
- ↑ Ngaju at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Ngaju". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Raymond G. Gordon, Jr, ed. 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 15th edition. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
- ↑ Mihing & Stokhof 1977.
- ↑ Mihing & Stokhof 1977
References
Ashn E. Johannes. 1971. "An Introduction to Dayak Ngaju Morphology," Malang MA thesis.
T.W.J. Mihing & W.A.L. Stokhof. 1977. "On the Ngaju Dayak Sound System," Miscellaneous Studies in Indonesian and Languages in Indonesia 3:49-59.
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