Columbia-Moses language
| Columbia-Moses | |
|---|---|
| Columbia-Wenatchi | |
| Nxaảmxcín | |
| Native to | United States of America |
| Region | northern Idaho, eastern Washington |
| Ethnicity | 230 (2000 census)[1] |
Native speakers | 40 (2007)[1] |
|
Salishan
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
col |
| Glottolog |
colu1241[2] |
Columbia-Moses, or Columbia-Wenatchi, is a Southern Interior Salish language, also known as Nxaảmxcín. Speakers currently reside on the Colville Indian Reservation
There are two dialects, Columbia (Sinkiuse, Columbian) and Wenatchi (Wenatchee, Entiat, Chelan). Wenatchi is the heritage language of the Wenatchi, Chelan, and Entiat tribes, Columbian of the Sinkiuse-Columbia.
Phonology
Phonology of the Columbia-Wenatchi dialect:
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Lateral | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nor. | lab. | nor. | lab. | nor. | lab. | |||||||
| Plosive | plain | p | t | k | kʷ | q | qʷ | ʕ | ʕʷ | ʔ | ||
| glottalized | pʼ | tʼ | kʼ | kʼʷ | qʼ | qʼʷ | ʕʼ | ʕʼʷ | ||||
| Nasal | plain | m | n | |||||||||
| glottalized | mʼ | nʼ | ||||||||||
| Trill | plain | r | ||||||||||
| glottalized | rʼ | |||||||||||
| Affricate | plain | ts | ||||||||||
| glottalized | tsʼ | tɬʼ | ||||||||||
| Fricative | s | ɬ | x | xʷ | χ | χʷ | ħ | ħʷ | h | |||
| Approximant | plain | w | l | j | ||||||||
| glottalized | wʼ | lʼ | jʼ | |||||||||
The three vowels in Columbia-Moses are /i/, /a/, /u/. They are sometimes transcribed as [e]; /i/, [o]; /u/, and [æ]; /a/, and could also tend to sound unstressed, almost as a schwa sound, /ə/.
References
- 1 2 Columbia-Moses at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Columbia-Wenatchi". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
Further reading
- Czaykowska-Higgins, Ewa and Paul Proulx. 2000. "REVIEWS - What's in a Word? Structure in Moses-Columbia Salish". International Journal of American Linguistics. 66, no. 3: 410.
- Kinkade, M. Dale. Dictionary of the Moses-Columbia Language (Nxaảmxcín). Nespelem, Wash: Colville Confederated Tribes, 1981.
- Mattina, Nancy. 2006. "Determiner Phrases in Moses-Columbia Salish". International Journal of American Linguistics. 72, no. 1: 97.
- Willet, Marie Louise. 2003." A Grammatical Sketch of Nxa'amxcin" PhD Thesis, University of Victoria.
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