I, Claudius (film)

I, Claudius

Charles Laughton in I, Claudius (1937)
Directed by Josef von Sternberg
Produced by Alexander Korda
Written by Robert Graves
Based on I, Claudius and
Claudius the God
by Robert Graves
Starring
Music by Arthur Bliss
Cinematography Georges Périnal
Production
company
Release date
 Unreleased
Country UK
Language English
Budget $500,000[1]

I, Claudius is an unfinished 1937 film adaptation of the novels I, Claudius (1934) and Claudius the God (1935) by Robert Graves. Produced by Alexander Korda, the film was directed by Josef von Sternberg, with Charles Laughton in the title role. The production was dogged by adverse circumstances, culminating in a car accident involving co-star Merle Oberon that caused filming to be ended before completion. Footage from the production was incorporated into a 1965 documentary on the making of the film, The Epic That Never Was.

Production

I, Claudius was a production of Alexander Korda, directed by Josef von Sternberg and starring Charles Laughton (as Claudius), Emlyn Williams (as Caligula), Flora Robson (as Livia), and Merle Oberon (as Messalina). Also in the cast were Allan Aynesworth (as Senator Asiaticus) and John Clements (as Valens). Other speaking parts included Claudius's servant Narcissus, Claudius' doctor Xenophon, Senator Sentius, and soldiers Cassius and Lupus. Laughton based his interpretation of Claudius on King Edward VIII and his abdication speech.

The production was dogged by "ill circumstances".[2] Oberon was injured in a car accident 16 March 1937, suffering facial cuts and a slight concussion.[3] On 26 March 1937, it was announced that the film was abandoned.[1] Suspicions that the accident was used as a pretext for cancelling the troubled production surfaced within days, when columnist Sheilah Graham reported that quarrels between Korda and Laughton over Laughton's interpretation of Claudius was "the real reason work on the picture has been halted, not the serious injuries supposedly suffered by the leading lady, Merle Oberon, in a London auto crash."[4][lower-alpha 1] London Films received an £80,000 (4655460 in 2016) settlement from Prudential Insurance that reduced the production's losses to date.[2][6]

A scheme to make use of the I, Claudius footage by incorporating it into The Denham Studio Mystery, a proposed sequel to The Arsenal Stadium Mystery (1939), fell through.[7]

Cast

The Epic That Never Was

The making of I, Claudius is the subject of the 1965 BBC-TV documentary, The Epic That Never Was. Hosted by Dirk Bogarde, the film uses unedited rushes from the film, contemporary glimpses of the abandoned Denham Film Studios, and modern interviews with Robert Graves, Merle Oberon, Flora Robson, Josef von Sternberg, Emlyn Williams and costume designer John Armstrong.[8] The 75-minute film incorporates two extended scenes featuring Laughton; briefer scenes featuring Emlyn Williams, Robert Newton, Flora Robson and Merle Oberon; crowd scenes presenting 60 Vestal Virgins, a cinematic exaggeration of the traditional six; and views of Vincent Korda's opulent sets.[6]

"Whether this would have been one of von Sternberg's great movies, I simply don't know," wrote Roger Greenspun of The New York Times after the documentary screened as part of the 1969 New York Film Festival. "Something in the controlled modeling of light over the faces of Merle Oberon and Emlyn Williams suggests that this might have been a superb film and that its loss is real and very sad. … By an admirable trick of fate the 1937 von Sternberg footage has ascended into timeless light, while the style of the surrounding 1965 documentary has dated like crazy. If you have to lose your best project, maybe this is the way to do it."[6]

"A truly wrenching what-if was the loss of the 1937 version of I, Claudius, with Charles Laughton as the limping, stuttering, intensely admirable soon-to-be-Roman-emperor Claudius," wrote Warren Clements of The Globe and Mail. He called the original rushes seen in the BBC documentary "achingly wonderful".[9]

In Senses of Cinema, film scholar Robert Keser wrote that, "the surviving sequences that are included do suggest that an uncommonly ambitious work of both luminous beauty and ruthless psychology was underway. Dirk Bogarde concludes his narration by wondering who else would make another attempt at filming I, Claudius, raising the final irony that scarcely a decade later, in 1976, the BBC itself would produce its memorably intense and flawlessly played television version."[2]

The Epic That Never Was is included as a bonus feature in the Acorn DVD box set of the BBC series I, Claudius, and includes more than 20 minutes of original footage from the uncompleted 1937 film.[10]

References

Notes

  1. ↑ In July 1937, United Press correspondent Dan Rogers reported: "Beautiful Merle Oberon has two scars from her recent automobile accident, but movie fans will never see them. She is completely recovered, is entertaining again at her home … and will start a new picture here this month. … One [injury] was a slight cut on the left eyelid; it left no mark at all. The most serious hurt was to the back of her head; it left a scar but of course it is hidden by her thick hair. Just in front of her left ear is a fine perpendicular white line a half-inch long. So skillfully did surgeons do their job that this scar is invisible except at a range of a yard or less, in strong light." [5]

Citations

  1. 1 2 "Star's injuries halt production of film." The Tuscaloosa News (Associated Press), 26 March 1937. Retrieved: 5 January 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 Kesar, Robert. "The epic that never was." Senses of Cinema, April 2005. Retrieved: 5 January 2016.
  3. ↑ "Star injured in car crash." Berkeley Daily Gazette (United Press), 16 March 1937. Retrieved: 5 January 2016.
  4. ↑ Graham, Sheilah. "Hollywood gadabout." Milwaukee Journal, 4 April 1937. Retrieved: 5 January 2016.
  5. ↑ Rogers, Dan. "Merle Oberon ready for work after accident; scars will not mar beauty." Corpus Christi Times (United Press), 7 July 1937. Retrieved: 5 January 2016.
  6. 1 2 3 Greenspun, Roger. "I, Claudius Recalled." The New York Times, 20 September 1969. Retrieved: 5 January 2016.
  7. ↑ Horne, Philip. "He was a premier-league director." The Independent, 5 August 2005. Retrieved: 5 January 2016.
  8. ↑ "The Epic That Never Was." BFI Film & TV Database (British Film Institute). Retrieved: 5 January 2016.
  9. ↑ Clements, Warren. "A boxed set of virtual Marilyn; A new DVD package contains one of film history's great what-ifs." The Globe and Mail, 26 May 2001. Retrieved: 5 January 2016.
  10. ↑ McQuain, Christopher. "I, Claudius.' DVD Talk , 27 March 2012. Retrieved: 5 January 2016.

Bibliography

  • Baxter, John. "14. The Fall of Claudius", The Cinema of Josef von Sternberg. London: Tantivy Press, 1971. pp. 136–149. ISBN 978-0-4980-7991-7.
  • Solomon, Jon. The Ancient World in the Cinema: Revised and Expanded Edition. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 2001, pp. 78–79. ISBN 0-300-08337-8.
  • Tucker, Steve. "Cursed but a Triumph!". South Wales Echo, 16 December 2005.
  • von Sternberg, Josef. Fun in a Chinese Laundry: An Autobiography. New York: Macmillan, 1965, pp. 172–189. ISBN 978-0-9165-1537-9.
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