State Anthem of the Soviet Union
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State anthem of | |
| Lyrics | Gabriel El-Registan, Sergey Mikhalkov (1943 and 1977) |
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| Music | Alexander Alexandrov, 1938 (?) |
| Adopted |
1 January 1944 1 September 1977 (modified version) |
| Relinquished |
26 December 1991 (as anthem of the Soviet Union) 23 November 1990 (as anthem of the Russian SFSR) |
| Audio sample | |
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State Anthem of the USSR (instrumental)
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Slav’sya, Otechestvo nashe svobodnoye! (Russian: Славься, Отечество наше свободное!; Slav’sya, Otechestvo nashe svobodnoye!, lit. "Be glorious, our free Fatherland!"), officially known as the "State Anthem of the Soviet Union" (Russian: Государственный гимн СССР, tr. Gosudarstvenny Gimn SSSR) was introduced during World War II on 15 March 1944, replacing The Internationale as the official anthem of the Soviet Union and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. The lyrics were written by Sergey Mikhalkov (1913–2009) in collaboration with Gabriel El-Registan (1899–1945) and the music was composed by Alexander Alexandrov (1883–1946). Although the Soviet Union was dissolved in 1991, its national anthem's melody continues to be used in the Russian Federation's national anthem, which has different lyrics to the version used in the Soviet Union.
History
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Vocal (1944 lyrics)
By the Red Army Ensemble Instrumental (1955)
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The Anthem of the Soviet Union was played for the first time on the Soviet radio at midnight on 1 January 1944.[2] The 1944 lyrics had three different refrains following three different stanzas; in each refrain, the second line was consequently modified with references to friendship, then happiness and finally to glory. Joseph Stalin and the Soviet Union's war against Nazi Germany were originally invoked in the lyrics.
With the process of de-Stalinization inaugurated after Stalin's death, the lyrics which referred to Stalin were considered unacceptable and during 1953–1977 the anthem was performed without lyrics.[3] A notable exception took place at the 1976 Canada Cup ice hockey tournament, where the singer Roger Doucet insisted on performing the anthem with lyrics, after consultations with Russian studies scholars from Université de Montréal and the Soviet team officials.[4][5] In 1977, to coincide with the 60th anniversary of the October Revolution, revised lyrics, earlier written in 1970 by the original author Sergey Mikhalkov,[6] were adopted. The varying refrains were replaced by a uniform refrain following all stanzas; the line praising Stalin was dropped, as were the lines referring to the Great Patriotic War.
Use in the Russian Federation
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Russian Federation adopted a new wordless anthem called the "Patriotic Song", although there were suggestions for adopting lyrics. As a result, a few different versions were produced.[7] In 2000, the current national anthem of Russia was introduced, which used the music of the Soviet national anthem and the lyrics written by Sergey Mikhalkov.
The Soviet anthem remains for many a song of national pride and of international unity with former Union republics. It is often played at Communist rallies and apolitical Victory Day celebrations.
State Union of Russia and Belarus
Also, the same music was used for a proposal of the anthem of the State Union of Russia and Belarus entitled Derzhavny Soyuz Narodov (Union of Sovereign Nations). Although never officially adopted, the lyrics of that piece were not tied to any specific nationality, and could be adopted for a broader union. However, there appears to be no plans to utilize that piece in any official role. The anthem also had official versions in the languages of every Soviet republic and in several other Soviet languages.
Decommunization
In some post-Soviet states which adopted decommunization laws banning the Communist symbolism, performing the Soviet anthem is illegal. For example, since 2015 in Ukraine the offenders face up to five years of prison.[8] Similar laws were adopted in Latvia[9], Lithuania[10] and Germany.
Lyrics
| Lyrics for the 1944 version | ||||
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| Russian | Transliteration | Official translation | Literal translation | Paul Robeson translation[11] |
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Союз нерушимый республик свободных Сплотила навеки Великая Русь. Да здравствует созданный волей народов Единый, могучий Советский Союз! |
Sojuz njerushimyy rjespublik svobodnykh Splotila navjeki Vjelikaja Rus’. Da zdravstvujet sozdannyy voljej narodov Yedinyy, moguchij Sovyetskij Sojuz! |
Unbreakable Union of freeborn Republics Great Russia has welded forever to stand! Created in struggle by will of the Peoples, United and Mighty our Soviet Land! |
An unbreakable union of free republics, The Great Russia has welded forever to stand. Long live the creation of the will of the people, The united, mighty Soviet Union! |
United forever in friendship and labor, Our mighty Republics will ever endure. The great Soviet Union will live through the ages. The dream of a people their fortress secure. |
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Сквозь грозы сияло нам солнце свободы, И Ленин великий нам путь озарил: Нас вырастил Сталин — на верность народу, На труд и на подвиги нас вдохновил! |
Skvoz’ grozy siyalo nam solntsye svobody, I Lyenin velikiy nam put’ ozaril, Nas vyrastil Stalin – na vernost’ narodu, Na trud i na podvigi nas vdokhnovil! |
Through tempests the shadows of freedom have cheered us, Along the new path where great Lenin did lead, Be true to the people, thus Stalin has reared us, Inspired us to labor and Valorus Deed. |
Through tempests the sun of freedom shone to us, And the great Lenin illuminated our path, We were raised by Stalin to be true to the people, To labour and heroic deeds he inspired us! |
Through days dark and stormy where great Lenin led us Our eyes saw the bright Sun of freedom above and Stalin our leader with faith in the people, Inspired us to build up the land that we love. |
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Мы армию нашу растили в сраженьях. Захватчиков подлых с дороги сметём! Мы в битвах решаем судьбу поколений, Мы к славе Отчизну свою поведём! |
My armiyu nashu rastili v srazhyen’yakh, Zakhvatchikov podlykh s dorogi smyetyom! My v bitvakh ryeshayem sud’bu pokolyeniy, My k slavye Otchiznu svoyu povyedyom! |
Our army grew up in the heat of grim battle, Barbarian invaders we'll swiftly strike down. In combat the fate of the future we'll settle, Our country we'll lead to eternal renown! |
We grew our army in battles, We will sweep the vile invaders out of the way! We shall in battle decide the fate of generations, We shall lead to glory our Motherland! |
We fought for the future, destroyed the invader, and brought to our homeland the laurels of fame. Our glory will live in the memory of nations and all generations will honor her name. |
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| Lyrics for the 1977 version | |||||
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| Russian | Transliteration for Russian | Ukrainian (Translation from Russian by Mykola Bazhan) | Transliteration for Ukrainian | Belarusian | Transliteration for Belarusian (Latin alphabet) |
| Союз нерушимый республик свободных
Сплотила навеки Великая Русь! Да здравствует созданный волей народов Единый, могучий Советский Союз!
Сквозь грозы сияло нам солнце свободы, И Ленин великий нам путь озарил: На правое дело он поднял народы, На труд и на подвиги нас вдохновил!
В победе бессмертных идей Коммунизма Мы видим грядущее нашей страны, И Красному знамени славной Отчизны Мы будем всегда беззаветно верны! ПРИПЕВ |
Soyuz nerushimy respublik svobodnykh
Splotila naveki velikaya Rus’! Da zdravstvuyet sozdanny voley narodov Yediny, moguchiy Sovetskiy Soyuz!
Skvoz’ grozy siyalo nam solntse svobody, I Lenin velikiy nam put’ ozaril, Na pravoye delo on podnyal narody, Na trud i na podvigi nas vdohnovil!
V pobede bessmertnyh idey Kommunizma My vidim gryadushcheye nashey strany, I Krasnomu znameni slavnoy Otchizny My budem vsegda bezzavetno verny! PRIPEV |
Союзом незламним республіки вільні
Навіки з'єднала Великая Русь! Хай квітне, народами створений спільно Єдиний, могутній Радянський Союз! ПРИСПІВ: Славимо велич Вітчизни свободної, Дружби народів опори в віках! Партія Леніна — сила народная До комунізму нам вказує шлях. Крізь грози світило нам сонце свободи, І Ленін великий нам путь осіяв, На битву за правду покликав народи, Натхнення на труд і на подвиги дав. ПРИСПІВ У звершенні славних ідей комунізму Ми бачим, країно, майбутнє твоє. Червоному стягу своєї Вітчизни Народ наш несхитну присягу дає. ПРИСПІВ |
Soyuzum nezlamnym respubliky vil'ni
Naviky z"yednala Velikaya Rus'! Khay kvitne, narodamy stvoreny spil'no Yediny, mohutniy Radyans'ky Soyuz! Pryspiv: Slavymo velych Vitchyzny svobodnoyi, Druzhby narodiv opory v vikakh! Partiya Lenina-syla narodnaya Do komunizmu nam vkazuye shlyakh. Kriz' hrozy svitylo nam sontse svobody, I Lenin velyky nam put' osiyav, Na bytvu za pravdu poklykav narody, Natkhnennya na trud i na podvigi dav. Pryspiv U zvershenni slavnykh idey komunizmu My bachym, krayino, maybutnye tvoye. Chervonomu styahu svoyeyi Vitchyzny Narod nash neskhitnu prysyahu daye. PRYSPIV |
Непарушны звяз свабодных рэспублік,
Быў створаны навекі вялікай Расіяй! Няхай жыве створаны воляй народаў, Адзіны, магутны Савецкі Саюз! ПРЫПЕЎ: Слаўся, айчына наша свабодная, Надзейны аплот братэрскіх народаў! Партыя Леніна, сіла народная, Вядзе нас да трыумфу камунізму! Праз навальніцы нам ззяла сонца свабоды, І Ленін вялікі нам паказаў шлях. Дзеля правай справы ён падняў народы, Натхнуў нас на працу і подзвігі. ПРЫПЕЎ У перамозе несмяротных ідэй камунізму Мы бачым будучыню нашай краіны. І чырвонаму сцягу слаўнай айчыны, Мы будзем заўжды самааддана верныя! ПРЫПЕЎ |
Neparušny zviaz svabodnych respublik,
Byǔ stvorany naveki vialikaj Rasijaj! Niachaj žyve stvorany voliaj narodaǔ, Adziny, mahutny, Savecki Sajuz! PRIPEŬ Slaǔsia, aičyna naša svabodnaja, Nadzeiny aplot braterskich narodaǔ! Partyja Lenina, sila narodnaya, Viadze nas da tryumfu kamunizmu! Praz naval'nicy nam zziala sonca svabody, I Lenin vialiki nam pakazaǔ šliach Dzelia pravaj spravy jon padniaǔ, Natchnuŭ nas na pracu i podzvihi. PRIPEŬ U peramoze nesmiarotnych idej kamunizmu My bačym budučynu našaj krainy, I čyrvonamu sciahu slaǔnaj aičyny, My budzem zaǔždy samaaddana verny'ja! PRIPEǓ |
| International Phonetic Alphabet transcription for Russian | Literal translation | Official CPSU translation [12] | |||
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See also
- God Save the Tsar!
- Grom pobedy, razdavajsya! ("Let the thunder of victory sound!")
- National anthem of Russia
- Patrioticheskaya Pesnya ("Patriotic Song")
- The Internationale
- Worker's Marseillaise, Russian version of La Marseillaise
- National anthems of the Soviet Union and Union Republics
References
- ↑ Государственный гимн СССР (Russian)
Державний гімн СРСР (Ukrainian)
Дзяржаўны гімн СССР (Byelorussian)
СССР мадҳияси (Uzbek)
КСРО Мемлекеттік Әнұраны (Kazakh)
ეროვნული ჰიმნი სსრკ (Georgian)
ССРИ Дөвләт һимни (Azerbaijani)
SSRS valstybinis himnas (Lithuanian)
Имнул де стат ал УРСС (Moldavian)
PSRS valsts himna (Latvian)
СССР Мамлекеттик Гимн (Kirghiz)
ИҶШС Суруди Милли (Tajik)
ԽՍՀՄ պետական օրհներգը (Armenian)
дабаралы өвги ССРС (Turkmen)
NSVL Liidu riigimünte (Estonian)
Neuvostoliiton valtion himna (Finnish) - ↑ "Гимн СССР (1943)". Archived from the original on 2016-04-20.
- ↑ Sputnik. "Russia Marks Soviet Poet Mikhalkov’s 100th Anniversary".
- ↑ Morse, Eric (9 September 2009). "The Cold War on ice". canada.com. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02.
- ↑ "How Roger Doucet Wrote the Soviet National Anthem".
- ↑ Голованова, М. П.; В. С. Шергин (2003). Государственные символы России. Москва: Росмэн-Пресс. p. 150. ISBN 5-353-01286-0.
- ↑ II. Связанные с гимном Глинки Archived August 1, 2012, at Archive.is
- ↑ "За гимн СССР - 5 лет тюрьмы: декоммунизация в цифрах и фактах".
- ↑ "Latvia Bans Soviet, Nazi Symbols"
- ↑ "BBC NEWS - Europe - Lithuanian ban on Soviet symbols".
External links
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Wikisource has lyrics in other languages at: |
- Russian Anthems museum – extensive set of downloadable recordings and official sheet music.
- 20 Most popular Soviet songs
- The author of Russian national anthem: sources of the USSR's anthem in Russian.
- by K.Kovalev – Eng. Bortniansky's anthem "Kol slaven" - Eng.
- Vocal performance of the National Anthem of the Soviet Union with Subtitles on YouTube
- As presented by Central Television in 1984 on YouTube
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