Hunts Point, Bronx

Not to be confused with Hunters Point in Queens, New York.

Hunts Point
Neighborhood of The Bronx

The BankNote in Hunts Point
Hunts Point
Hunts Point
Hunts Point

Location in New York City

Coordinates: 40°48′45″N 73°53′02″W / 40.812600°N 73.884024°W / 40.812600; -73.884024Coordinates: 40°48′45″N 73°53′02″W / 40.812600°N 73.884024°W / 40.812600; -73.884024
Country  United States
State  New York
City New York City
Borough Bronx
Founded 1849
Named for Thomas Hunt
Area[1]
 • Total 4.27 km2 (1.650 sq mi)
Population (2010)[2]
 • Total 27,204
 • Density 6,400/km2 (16,000/sq mi)
Economics
 • Median income $25,678
Ethnicity[3]
 • Hispanic 74.6%
 • Black 22.2%
 • White 1.3%
 • Asian 0.7%
 • Others 1.2%
ZIP codes 10474
Area code 718, 347, 646

Hunts Point is a neighborhood located on a peninsula in the South Bronx of New York City. It is the location of one of the largest food distribution facilities in the world, the Hunts Point Cooperative Market. The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 2. Its boundaries are the Bruckner Expressway to the west and north, the Bronx River to the east, and the East River to the south. Hunts Point Avenue is the primary street through Hunts Point. The neighborhood is considered to be a red-light district, because of its prostitution.[4] ZIP codes include 10474. The neighborhood is served by the New York City Police Department's 41st Precinct.[5]

History

Looking east, zoomed, from under Bruckner Expressway at former Hunt's Point station now serving shops
Sunnyslope, a historic home located in Hunts Point
Casanova Mansion and Hunt mansion, 1890s
Looking northeast across Lafayette Avenue at housing

Europeans first settled Hunts Point in 1663. At this time, Edward Jessup and John Richardson arrived on the peninsula and purchased the land from the Wekkguasegeeck tribe indigenous to the area. After Jessup died, his widow Elizabeth, entrusted the land to Thomas Hunt Jr., her son in-law for whom the area is named.[6]

In the years between the Hunts' inheritance and 1850, several other wealthy landowning families occupied the peninsula. Legend has it that George Fox (1624–1691), founder of the Society of Friends (commonly known as Quakers), preached in the area in 1672. William H. Fox, a descendant of the Quaker leader, and his wife Charlotte Leggett, owned much of the land that is now Hunts Point.[7]

As time passed and more New Yorkers became aware of Hunts Point, more City dwellers flocked to the area between 1850 and 1900. Later, the property wound up in the hands of Fox's and Leggett's son-in-law, H.D. Tiffany, a member of the family that owned the famous jewelry and decorative arts store Tiffany & Co. now on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan. Fox, Tiffany and Leggett Streets derive their names from these former landowners. In 1909, the Fox mansion was demolished.[7][8]

Hunts Point’s status as a home and vacation spot to the city’s elite came to a rather abrupt end in the period following World War I. At this time, IRT Pelham Line was built along Southern Boulevard. Apartment buildings replaced mansions, streets replaced meadows and Hunts Point became a virtual melting pot for the City’s masses.[7]

Aside from being a period of residential growth for Hunts Point, the 20th century has also been a time of industrial expansion for the peninsula. As more people moved to the area, the city’s business owners began to realize the advantages of locating to Hunts Point. Among them were the convenient access to the Tri-State region, the existing rail lines running through the Hunts Point area and the abundance of space available for the development of industrial and commercial activity.[9]

This discovery led to an influx of businesses to the area. As the momentum of incoming businesses increased, the reputation of Hunts Point grew accordingly among business circles.[9] With the openings of the New York City Produce market in 1967 and Hunts Point Meat Market in 1974, and culminating with the designation of Hunts Point as an In-Place-Industrial Park in 1980, Hunts Point has grown into a successful economic zone. The Hunts Point Industrial Park hosts over 800 businesses providing an array of products and services to points throughout the world.[10]

The second half of the 20th century, however, proved a difficult time for the district's residential community. Characterized by frequent arson and mass abandonment from the 1960s through the 1990s, this period marked a low point in the area's history.[11] Living conditions became so difficult that almost 60,000 residents, approximately two-thirds of the existing population, left the neighborhood during the 1970s.[12] The first full-service post office did not open in the neighborhood until 2001.[13][14]

Demographics

Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Hunts Point was 27,204, an increase of 2,062 (8.2%) from the 25,142 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 1,123.99 acres (454.86 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 24.2 inhabitants per acre (15,500/sq mi; 6,000/km2).[2]

The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 1.3% (342) White, 22.2% (6,049) African American, 0.2% (65) Native American, 0.7% (187) Asian, 0.0% (1) Pacific Islander, 0.2% (63) from other races, and 0.7% (192) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 74.6% (20,305) of the population.[15]

Hunts Point is a low-income residential neighborhood largely made up of Puerto Ricans, with smaller numbers of African Americans, Dominicans, and Mexicans. Hunts Point has one of the highest concentrations of Hispanics in all of New York City. Almost half of the population lives below the federal poverty line.[16]

Land use and terrain

Hunts Point is a peninsula located at the confluence of the Bronx River and the East River, which is actually a tidal strait connecting Upper New York Bay to the Long Island Sound. The total land area is approximately 690 acres (2.8 km2).[17]

Most of the land area in Hunts Point is dominated by industry. There is a small but dense residential pocket that occupies the high ground in the northern half of the peninsula along Hunts Point Avenue. It consists primarily of older apartment buildings with a smaller number of semi-detached multi-unit row houses. The area includes a recently developed park by the riverside, called the Hunts Point Riverside Park.

The New York City Department of City Planning designated a Special Hunts Point District in 2004 to incorporate zoning changes to encourage growth of the food distribution center while protecting the residential neighborhood.[17][18]

Colorful mural and tenement buildings along Garrison Avenue.

Parks

Hunts Point Riverside Park was spearheaded by Majora Carter in 2000, and after several iterations, won the 2009 Rudy Bruner Award for Excellence in Public Spaces.[19]

Joseph Rodman Drake Park is now recognized as an enslaved African-American burial ground[20]

The largest park in Hunts Point is the 5-acre (20,000 m2) Barretto Point Park on the East River waterfront. It offers piers for fishing, sites for launching canoes and kayaks, and a floating swimming pool during the summer. There are also volleyball and basketball courts, a small amphitheater, and restroom facilities.[21]

Riverside Park before clean up
Riverside Park after clean up

Hunts Point Food Distribution Center

Hunts Point is home to one of the largest food distribution centers in the world, covering 329 acres (1.33 km2).[17] The Produce and Meat Distribution Center were opened along the Bronx river in 1967 and 1974, respectively. In 2005, Hunts Point became the site for New York City's New Fulton Fish Market, which replaced the 180-year-old fish market formerly located in downtown Manhattan. Over 800 industrial businesses, employing over 25,000 workers, are located on the peninsula. A large concentration of food wholesalers, distributors, and food processing businesses are located in the New York City zoned industrial business park. Below are some of the facilities that make up the Food Distribution Center in Hunts Point:

The New York City Terminal Market carries fresh fruit and vegetables from 49 states and 55 foreign countries. The market consists of four buildings, each one-third of a mile in length. More than 65 fruit and vegetable wholesalers own and operate the coop, which has 475,000 square feet (44,100 m2) of warehouse space. Each year approximately 2.7 billion pounds of produce are sold from the Market which as recently as 1998 posted $1.5 billion in revenues. The market caters to the largest ethnically diverse region in the world with an estimated population that exceeds 15 million people (New York metropolitan area).

The Hunts Point Cooperative Market handles the production, processing, distribution and sale of meat, poultry and related products. Spread over 38 acres (150,000 m2), the market’s six main buildings offer 700,000 square feet (70,000 m2) of refrigerated space. More than 50 independent wholesale food companies operate facilities here. In 2002, a state-of-the art, 100,000-square-foot (10,000 m2) refrigerated warehouse was added to accommodate the ever expanding needs businesses.[22]

In November 2001, shortly before leaving office, former New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani broke ground for the new Fulton Fish Market building in Hunts Point. Nearly four years after the structure was completed, which cost $85 million to build, 55 businesses moved into a 450,000-square-foot (42,000 m2) complex, located within the Hunts Point Food Distribution Center. The facility generates an estimated $1 billion in yearly revenue, as it allows seafood distributors to store their goods in a temperature controlled warehouse with ease of access to NYC, New Jersey and Connecticut.

Detention centers

One secure detention center is located in Hunts Point.

Spofford Juvenile Center was formerly the New York City Department of Juvenile Justice's (DJJ) only Secure Detention center.[23] The facility started as the Youth House for Boys and Youth House for Girls in the mid-1940s, and it moved to Hunts Point in 1957.[24] The Youth House soon became known as Spofford Juvenile Center. On August 1, 1998, when it was vacated by the DJJ; earlier that year, on January 18, the city announced that the Horizon Juvenile Center, in the Mott Haven neighborhood of the Bronx, and the Crossroads Juvenile Center, in Brownsville, Brooklyn, would be opened to replace the Spofford facility.[25] However, ultimately, Spofford was not closed, but was instead renamed Bridges Juvenile Center in 1999.[24] In early 2011, Bridges was closed by the city. In announcing the closure, the Correctional Association of New York recognized that the facility had "a history of poor conditions and brutality against children."[25]

The Vernon C. Bain Correctional Center (VCBC) is an 800-bed barge built on Rikers Island, for $161 million, currently used as part of the New York City Department of Corrections. It is designed to handle inmates from medium- to maximum-security in 16 dormitories and 100 cells. It was opened in 1992 and was named for Vernon C. Bain, a warden who died in a car accident. It has been used by the city of New York as a prison, but has also temporarily held juvenile inmates.

Public housing

There is one New York City Housing Authority low income housing development located in Hunts Point,[26] Hunts Point Avenue Rehab, which includes thirteen rehabilitated tenement buildings, 4 and 5-stories tall.

Crime

The area is patrolled by the 41st Precinct located at 1035 Longwood Avenue in Longwood. NYCHA property in the area is patrolled by P.S.A. 7 at 737 Melrose Avenue located in the Melrose section of the Bronx.

Hunts Point has suffered from crime and poverty for many years and was once part of the poorest congressional district in the country, with almost half of the population living below the poverty line.

Due to the lucrative drug trade in the area, many drug addicts reside in the community. The neighborhood is also notorious for its prostitution industry. HBO has made four documentaries about prostitution in Hunts Point, Hookers at the Point, the most recent in April 2002. In 2008, a local news station released a two-part documentary on the life of several drug-addicted sex workers living on the streets of the neighborhood.[27][28]

Institutions and organizations

Non-profits

There are several non-profits operating in this section of the South Bronx, most notably the Hunts Point Economic Development Corporation (HPEDC), Per Scholas, Inc., Sustainable South Bronx (SSBx), THE POINT Community Development Corporation, Rocking the Boat, City Year, Legal Aid Society, Bronx Neighborhood Office, Mothers on the Move, Youth Ministries for Peace and Justice, Children's Bible Fellowship sponsored Revolution Church, Iridescent, the Hunts Point Alliance for Children, and South Bronx Overall Economic Development Corporation (SoBRO). Real Life Church, who has fed over 1,200 people in two years on Thanksgiving Day.

Cultural institutions

An urban arts scene is emerging in Hunts Point, with cultural institutions such as THE POINT Community Development Corporation, the Bronx Academy of Arts and Dance (BAAD), and MUD/BONE STUDIO 889. BAAD was formerly located in the historic Bank Note Building and have now since relocated to 2474 Westchester Avenue.[40][41] THE POINT, which is located in a former bagel factory, provides performance art space, visual art galleries, after-school programs in the visual and performing arts for schoolchildren in the community, and community organizing around environmental improvement and infrastructure development in the neighborhood.

Media

In 2006, an online news outlet The Hunts Point Express began reporting on Hunts Point and Longwood. It is written by students at Hunter College, edited by journalism professor Bernard L. Stein, and also appears in a print edition that is available for free at community centers, clinics, and stores throughout the neighborhood.

Education

Library in Longwood
School

Library

The Hunts Point Branch of the New York Public Library was completed in 1929 as the last Carnegie library in the system. The building was designed by Carrère and Hastings, the architects of the main library in the Italian Renaissance style, with seven brick archways across the facade.[42] In April 2009, the New York Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the building a New York City Landmark, citing the design, history, and cultural significance.[43]

Schools

The Bronx Charter School for the Arts, the Bronx Lighthouse Charter School, Hyde Leadership Charter School, the South Bronx Classical Charter School, and UA Bronx Studio School for Writers and Artists are located in Hunts Point. In September 2011,[44] Hyde Leadership Charter School opened on Hunts Point Avenue, the first college preparatory high school to open in Hunts Point in nearly 30 years.

Other schools include the John V. Lindsay Wildcat Academy Charter School, MS201 Theatre Arts & RSCH (As of 2008, it is now known as MS 424), P352 at 201 Vida Bogart School, PS 352, PS 48 Joseph R Drake, St. Ignatius School and Wildcat Second Opportunity School. IS 217, the School of Performing Arts, is also located in Hunts Point on Tiffany Street.

Transportation

References

  1. ↑ "Hunts Point neighborhood in New York". Retrieved August 3, 2015.
  2. 1 2 Table PL-P5 NTA: Total Population and Persons Per Acre - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010, Population Division - New York City Department of City Planning, February 2012. Accessed June 16, 2016.
  3. ↑ "Center for Urban Research". Retrieved August 3, 2015.
  4. ↑ "The Most Dangerous Neighborhoods In New York". Business Insider. Retrieved September 8, 2012.
  5. ↑ 41st Precinct, New York City Police Department.
  6. ↑ "Van Tassel Family Genealogy Page". Retrieved 2006-08-21.
  7. 1 2 3 "Hunts Point History - NYC Parks". Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  8. ↑ "Historical Mansions Of The Bronx". Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  9. 1 2 "Early Twentieth-Century Development of Hunts Point" (PDF). p. 2. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  10. ↑ "Hunts Point Industrial Business Zone". Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  11. ↑ "The Bronx County Historical Society". Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  12. ↑ "Bronx Community Board #2". Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  13. ↑ "Major Accomplishments". Hunts Point Economic Development Corporation. Archived from the original on 2009-02-27. Retrieved 2008-08-13.
  14. ↑ Margulis, Zachary (1995-04-14). "Hunts Point To Get Post Office". Daily News. Archived from the original on 2009-02-27. Retrieved 2008-08-13.
  15. ↑ Table PL-P3A NTA: Total Population by Mutually Exclusive Race and Hispanic Origin - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010, Population Division - New York City Department of City Planning, March 29, 2011. Accessed June 14, 2016.
  16. ↑ "Bronx Community District 2" (PDF). Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  17. 1 2 3 "NYC Department of City Planning: Special Hunts Point District". Archived from the original on 2008-12-01. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  18. ↑ Trüb, Bill (July 2008). "Gourmet Guru Stays True to Its NY Roots". Business Facilities. Archived from the original on 2009-02-13. Retrieved 2008-08-13.
  19. ↑ "The Daily Plant : NYC Parks". nycgovparks.org. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  20. ↑ "Ceremony for slave burial ground". Bronx Times. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  21. ↑ "NYC Department of Parks and Recreation". Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  22. ↑ "Hunts Point Cooperative Market". Archived from the original on 2008-07-24. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  23. ↑ The New York Times: "2 Escape Bus Heading to Juvenile Detention Center in Bronx"
  24. 1 2 "JD Detention History". correctionhistory.org. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  25. 1 2 "The Bronx Times - Spofford Juvenile Detention Closed". bronx.com. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  26. ↑ "NYCHA Redirect". nyc.gov. Archived from the original on May 25, 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  27. ↑ "The Yard Blues documentary, part 1". Retrieved 2009-05-14.
  28. ↑ "The Yard Blues documentary, part 2". Retrieved 2009-05-14.
  29. ↑ "Hunts Point EDC History 1992-1988". Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  30. ↑ "Hunts Point EDC History 1998-1992". Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  31. ↑ "Hunts Point EDC History 2007-2003". Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  32. ↑ "Hunts Point EDC Website". Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  33. ↑ "Residents making a business improvement district in the South Bronx". Daily News. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  34. ↑ "Rocking the Boat Website". Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  35. ↑ "Timeline". South Bronx Overall Economic Development Corporation. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
  36. ↑ "Urban Onshoring: The Movement to Bring Tech Jobs Back to America". WIRED. 4 November 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  37. ↑ "A garden in the sky" (PDF). Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  38. ↑ "Hunts Point Alliance for Children Website". Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  39. ↑ "Mission". thepoint.org. Retrieved 2016-07-18.
  40. ↑ The BankNote
  41. ↑ Bronx Academy of Arts and Dance
  42. ↑ "The New York Public Library Branch Information". Archived from the original on 2008-07-06. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  43. ↑ "Press Release" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-04-14.
  44. ↑ Lestch, Corrine (2011-10-04). "Pride swells as Hyde Leadership Charter School's first graduating class sees new building". The Daily News. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
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