''N'',''N''-Diisopropylethylamine

N,N-Diisopropylethylamine
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
N-Ethyl-N-(propan-2-yl)propan-2-amine
Other names
  • Ethyldi(propan-2-yl)amine
  • N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-amine
  • Ethyldi(isopropyl)amine
  • Hünig's base
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.027.629
EC Number 230-392-0
MeSH N,N-diisopropylethylamine
UN number 2733
Properties
C8H19N
Molar mass 129.25 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor Fishy, ammoniacal
Density 0.742 g mL−1
Melting point −50 to −46 °C (−58 to −51 °F; 223 to 227 K)
Boiling point 126.6 °C; 259.8 °F; 399.7 K
4.01 g/L (at 20 °C)
Vapor pressure 4.1 kPa (at 37.70 °C)
1.414
Hazards
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word DANGER
H225, H301, H314, H412
P210, P273, P280, P301+310, P305+351+338, P310
Flash point 10 °C (50 °F; 283 K)
Explosive limits 0.7–6.3%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
200–500 mg kg−1 (oral, rat)
Related compounds
Related amines
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

N,N-Diisopropylethylamine, or Hünig's base, DIPEA or DIEA, is an organic compound and an amine. It is used in organic chemistry as a base. Because the nitrogen atom is shielded by the two isopropyl groups and an ethyl group only a proton is small enough to easily fit. Like 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, this compound is a good base but a poor nucleophile, which makes it a useful organic reagent.[1] Hünig's base is named after the German chemist Siegfried Hünig. The compound is a colourless liquid.

Hünig's base is commercially available. It is traditionally prepared by the alkylation of diisopropylamine with diethyl sulfate.[2] If necessary, the compound can be purified by distillation from potassium hydroxide.

Reactions

Non-nucleophilic base

Hünig's base was investigated for its use as a selective reagent in the alkylation of secondary amines to tertiary amines by alkyl halides. This organic reaction is often hampered by a quaternization reaction to the quaternary ammonium salt but this side-reaction is absent when Hünig's base is present.[3]

Synthesis of scorpionine

Hünig's base forms a complex heterocyclic compound called scorpionine by a reaction with disulfur dichloride catalyzed by DABCO in a one-pot synthesis.[4]

References

  1. Sorgi, K. L. (2001). "Diisopropylethylamine". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rd254.
  2. Hünig, S.; Kiessel, M. (1958). "Spezifische Protonenacceptoren als Hilfsbasen bei Alkylierungs- und Dehydrohalogenierungsreaktionen". Chemische Berichte. 91 (2): 380–392. doi:10.1002/cber.19580910223.
  3. Moore, J. L.; Taylor, S. M.; Soloshonok, V. A. (2005). "An efficient and operationally convenient general synthesis of tertiary amines by direct alkylation of secondary amines with alkyl halides in the presence of Huenig’s base". Arkivoc. 2005 (part vi): 287–292. EJ-1549C.
  4. Rees, W.; Marcos, C. F.; Polo, C.; Torroba, T.; Rakitin O. A. (1997). "From Hünig's Base to Bis([1,2]dithiolo)-[1,4]thiazines in One Pot: The Fast Route to Highly Sulfurated Heterocycles". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 36 (3): 281–283. doi:10.1002/anie.199702811.
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