Hubert Schoemaker
| Hubert Schoemaker | |
|---|---|
| Born |
March 23, 1950 Deventer, Netherlands |
| Died |
January 1, 2006 (aged 55) Paoli, Pennsylvania) |
| Citizenship | Dutch |
| Nationality | Netherlands |
| Fields | immunology, biochemistry, business, biotechnology |
| Institutions |
Centocor Corning Neuronyx |
| Alma mater |
The University of Notre Dame Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| Known for | Remicade |
| Spouse | Anne Faulkner Schoemaker |
| Children | Maureen, Katherine, Anne, and Hubert Matthew Schoemaker) |
Hubert J. P. Schoemaker (March 23, 1950 – January 1, 2006)[1] was a Dutch-born biotechnologist. He was a co-founder and the president of one of America's first biotechnology companies, Centocor, which was dedicated to commercialising monoclonal antibodies.
Early life and education
Schoemaker was born in Deventer, Netherlands. He moved to the United States as a teen and majored in chemistry at the University of Notre Dame. He earned a doctorate in biochemistry in 1975 from the Massachusetts of Institute Technology. Supervised by Paul Schimmel, his doctoral research was an investigation of the structure function relationships of transfer RNAs and their complexes.
Career
Declining a position to work as a post-doctoral researcher with Stanley Cohen, the co-developer of recombinant DNA, Schoemaker entered the world of business. Deeply moved by the severe disabilities suffered by his first daughter, Maureen, who was born with lissencephaly and needed specialised care, Schoemaker was interested in finding a way to commercialise biotechnology that could help improve people's lives.[2]
In 1976 Schoemaker joined Corning Medical, a Boston-based division of Corning Glass Works. At Corning Schoemaker rapidly progressed from being a specialist in immunoassay development for diagnostics to heading research and development. Among his achievements at the company was devising effective diagnostic kit tests for thyroid disorders.
In 1979 Schoemaker became involved in the founding of Centocor together with a former Corning Medical colleague Ted Allen and the bioentrepreneur Michael Wall with whom he had some dealings while at Corning. Inspired by the work of Hilary Koprowski, who developed some of the earliest monoclonal antibodies against tumour antigens and influenza viral antigens, the objective of Centocor was to commercialise monoclonal antibodies for diagnostics and therapeutics. In 1980 Schoemaker joined Centocor and soon after became its first Chief Executive Officer.
From the start Centocor decided to fill its product pipeline through partnerships with research institutions and marketing alliances. Central to this policy was Schoemaker's ability to network and the company's decision to design diagnostic kits so that were compatible with existing diagnostic systems. Under Schoemaker's leadership Centocor rapidly grew into a profitable diagnostic business. By 1985 the company had revenues of approximately $50 million. In part this success was built upon the swift approval the company won for two of its tests. The first was for gastrointestinal cancer test and the other was for hepatitis B. Between 1983 and 1986 Centocor introduced three other diagnostic tests to the market: one for ovarian cancer (the first diagnostic test available for the disease), one for breast cancer and one for colorectal cancer.[3]
Despite the company's success on the diagnostic front, Schoemaker was plunged in 1992 into efforts to save the company from bankruptcy when its first therapeutic, Centoxin, a drug designed to treat septic shock, failed to win FDA approval. In part the crisis had come about as a result of the Company's executives trying to go it alone in developing the drug. What saved the company was a return to the policy of collaboration. Learning from its mistakes with Centoxin, in December 1994 Centocor gained marketing approval for ReoPro, a monoclonal antibody drug for cardiovascular disease. The first therapeutic to ever receive simultaneous US and European approvals, and the second monoclonal antibody to ever win approval as a drug, ReoPro marked a milestone for both Centocor and for monoclonal antibodies therapeutics. ReoPro was to be followed in August 1998 by the approval of Centocor's Remicade, a drug to treat auto-immune disorders like Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis.[4]
After selling Centocor to Johnson and Johnson for $5.2 billion in 1999, Schoemaker went on to form Neuronyx, Inc., a biotech company focused on developing cellular therapies. After Schoemaker died in 2006 the company was continued by his wife Anne Faulkner Schoemaker. Initial work focused on using stem cells taken from adult bone marrow to help regenerate heart tissue damaged during heart attacks. Later the company turned direction to looking at the development of a treatment for incision wounds in women following breast cancer reconstruction surgery. The company later changed its name to Garnet BioTherapeutics. Despite promising clinical results and raising more than $55 million in venture capital funding, the company was unable to continue.
Death
Schoemaker was diagnosed in 1994 and later died at 55 from brain cancer, medulloblastoma.
References
- ↑ Pollack, Andrew (January 13, 2006). "Hubert Schoemaker, a Biotech Pioneer, Dies at 55". The New York Times.
- ↑ Hubert Schoemaker.
- ↑ Marks, L.V. (2009) "Collaboration - a competitor's tool: The story of Centocor, an entrepreneurial biotechnology company", Business History, 51(4): 529-46.
- ↑ Marks, L. (2012) "The birth pangs of monoclonal antibody therapeutics", mAbs, 4 (3), 1-10.
- "Hubert Schoemaker, a Biotech Pioneer, Dies at 55". Nytimes.com. 2006-01-13. Retrieved 2012-06-27.
- "Hubert Schoemaker succumbs to cancer". Life Sciences Foundation. 2006-01-01. Retrieved 2012-06-27.