Horace Grant Underwood

Won Du-u
Horace Grant Underwood
Hangul	호레스 그랜트 언더우드
Revised Romanization	Horaeseu Geuraeteu Eondeoudeu
McCune–Reischauer	Horesŭ Kŭraent'ŭ Ŏndŏudŭ
Hangul	원두우
Hanja	元杜尤
Revised Romanization	Won Du-u
McCune–Reischauer	Won Tu-u

Horace Grant Underwood (19 July 1859 – 12 October 1916) was a Presbyterian missionary, educator, and translator who dedicated his life to developing Korean society and Christianity.^[1]

Early life

Underwood was born in London and immigrated to United States at age 12. He graduated from New York University in 1881 and New Brunswick Theological Seminary in New Brunswick, New Jersey, US in 1884.

Work in Korea

Underwood served as a Northern Presbyterian Church missionary in Korea, teaching physics and chemistry at Gwanghyewon (광혜원) in Seoul, the first modern hospital of Korea.^[2] Underwood arrived in Korea on the same boat as Henry G. Appenzeller on Easter Sunday (5 April) 1885, and he also worked with Henry G. Appenzeller, William B. Scranton, James Scarth Gale, and William D. Reynolds to translate the Bible into Korean. The New Testament was completed in 1900 and the Old Testament in 1910. Underwood also worked with Horace N. Allen, an American missionary doctor attached to the royal court. In 1900, Underwood and James Scarth Gale established the Seoul YMCA, and in 1912 Underwood became the president of the Pyeongtaek University established by Arthur Tappan Pierson (평택대학교, 구 피어선기념성경학교). The same year Underwood became the president of the Joseon Christian College (경신학교 儆新學校), the predecessor of Yonsei University. Underwood wrote several books on Korea, including The Call of Korea.^[3]

Personal life

Lillias Horton Underwood

Underwood's older brother, John T. Underwood, a typewriter entrepreneur based in New York, helped finance Horace Grant's missionary endeavours. In 1889, Underwood married Lillias Horton (1851–1921), a doctor. In 1916, Underwood returned to the US due to failing health, but he died shortly thereafter in Atlantic City. He was originally buried at Grove Church Cemetery^[4] in North Bergen, New Jersey, his body was transferred from New Jersey to Yanghwajin Foreigners' Cemetery, S in 1999.

Underwood family legacy

Underwood's legacy is visible at various Christian educational institutes in Seoul. There is a statue of Underwood in the centre of the Yonsei University campus, and the Underwood Activity Center of Seoul Foreign School is dedicated to his grandson, Richard F. Underwood. Underwood's descendants continued to develop Korean society, religion, politics and education for over one hundred years.^[1] His son Horace Horton Underwood (1890–1951) continued the tradition of education and worked at Yonhi University, another predecessor of Yonsei University. Horace Horton and his wife Ethel named their son Horace Grant Underwood II (1917–2004) who, among other notable achievements,^[5] served as an interpreter in the Korean War armistice talks.^[6] The Underwood family is no longer involved with mission work but continues to serve in Korea at the US Embassy and in business.^[7]

The New Brunswick Theological Seminary has an endowed chair in honour of Underwood for a professor specialising in Global Christianity and missions.^[8]

References

1 2 "언더우드 Horace Grant Underwood". Dusan Encyclopedia. Doosan Corporation. Retrieved 8 July 2008.
↑ Kim, Young-sik (5 August 2003). "Americans in Korea in the late 1800s". Association for Asia Research. Retrieved 8 July 2008.
↑ "10 Most Remembered". The Korea Times. 17 October 2007. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
↑ http://www.grovereformedchurch.org/page/glimpses_of_grove
↑ The Korea Society 2002 VAN FLEET AWARD
↑ U.S. Embassy Eulogy TRIBUTE TO DR. HORACE GRANT UNDERWOOD
↑ Korea Times Underwood Family Bids Farewell to Korea after 119 Years of Service
↑ Reformed Church in America. "RCA Report of the New Brunswick Theological Seminary: Building a New Future for the Oldest Protestant Seminary in North America." (2013). Retrieved 17 September 2013.

Underwood, Horace G. (1908). The Call of Korea. Fleming H. Revell Co. Retrieved 8 July 2008.

External links

The first Presbyterian missionaries in Korea
A film clip "Longines Chronoscope with Horace E. Underwood (SIC) is available at the Internet Archive
Rev Horace Grant 'Won Doo-oo' Underwood at Find a Grave

Christianity in Korea
Protestantism	Korea Baptist Convention Anglican Church of Korea Conservative Presbyterian Church in Korea Conservative Reformed Presbyterian Church in Korea Korean Christian Fundamentalist Assembly Korean Methodist Church Presbyterian Church in the Republic of Korea National Council of Churches in Korea Pure Presbyterian Church in Korea United Presbyterian Church in Korea Union Presbyterian Church in Korea World Mission Society Church of God Women Pastors Presbyterian Church in Korea Korea Campus Crusade for Christ Independent Reformed Church in Korea Independent Reformed Presbyterian Church in Korea Orthodox Presbyterian Church of Korea Presbyterian Church of Korea branches: TongHap HoHun Fundamentalist GaeHyuk I. Jesus KoShin KoRyuPa HapDong JungAng Daeshin HapDongChongShin HapDongChunTong HapDongBokUm ChanYang BoSuHapDong BokUm YeJong JeongRip Logos HwanWon DokNoHoe JapDongJungAng YeJangHapBo DaeShin II BupTong NamBuk HapDongBoSu SungHapChuk BoSuTongHap JeongTongChongHap HapDongChungYun HapDongJeongShin HanGukBoSu HapDongEunChong DongShin HapDongJinRi HapDongYunHap YunShin JangShin SunGyo HapDongYeChong ChanYang Ko-Ryu-Anti-Accusation HapDongChongShin I. HapDongChongShin II. HapDongSeungHoe JungRip PyungAhn HapDongChongHoe JeongTongGyeSeung HapDongTongHap HapDongBoSu I. HapDongBoSu II. DaeShin II. HapDongHwanWon HapDongBoSu IV. HapDongBoSu III. HapDongBoSu II. ChongHoe II. BoSuHapDong III. TongHapBoSu DaeHanShinChuk HapDongYeChong I HapDongSeongHoe GaeHyukHapDong I GaeHyukHapDong II HapDongGaeHyuk HapDongJangShin HoHun III ChongHoe II ChongHoe I HyukShin GaeHyukHapDong III DokNoHoe II BoSuJeongTong HapDongYeSun JaeGun Presbyterian Church in Korea (GaeHyuk) In North Korea Korean Christian Federation (state-controlled body) Bongsu Church (state-controlled body) Chilgol Church (state-controlled body)
Roman Catholic Church	Roman Catholicism in South Korea • Roman Catholicism in North Korea
Eastern Orthodox Church	Korean Orthodox Church • Church of the Life-Giving Trinity
Missionaries	Gregorious de Cespedes Horace Newton Allen Henry Appenzeller James Scarth Gale Jonathan Goforth Rosetta Sherwood Hall George Heber Jones Bill Majors Nagasaka John Livingstone Nevius William Noble Donald Owens William D. Reynolds Robert Jermain Thomas Horace Grant Underwood Tom Vasel

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