Craugastoridae

Craugastoridae
Craugastor fitzingeri
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Craugastoridae
Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke, 2008
Subfamilies and genera

See the text.

The Craugastoridae, or fleshbelly frogs, are a family of New World direct-developing frogs. As delineated here, following the Amphibian Species of the World, it is a large family containing 746 species. They are found from the southern United States southwards to Central and South America.[1]

Taxonomy

The taxonomy of these frogs is not yet settled,[2][3] and other sources may treat the subfamily Strabomantinae as a family, Strabomantidae,[3][4][5] with correspondingly smaller Craugastoridae.[3][6][7] The most recent rearrangement of subfamilies and genera is from 2014.[8]

Life history

With the possible exception of Craugastor laticeps that may be ovoviviparous,[9] craugastorid frogs have direct development: no free-living tadpole stage is known; instead, eggs develop directly into small froglets.[10]

Subfamilies and genera

The following taxonomy follows Padial and colleagues (2014)[8] and is adopted by the Amphibian Species of the World.[1]

Taxa not placed in a subfamily

Subfamilies

Taxa formerly in Craugastoridae

The following two taxa were formerly placed in Craugastoridae but are now in superfamily Brachycephaloidea, awaiting more data to resolve their position:[8]

References

  1. 1 2 Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Craugastoridae Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  2. ↑ Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Higher taxonomy and progress". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
  3. 1 2 3 Blackburn, D.C.; Wake, D.B. (2011). "Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3148: 39–55.
  4. ↑ "Strabomantidae Hedges, Duellman and Heinicke, 2008". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
  5. ↑ "Strabomantidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2014. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
  6. ↑ "Craugastoridae Hedges, Duellman and Heinicke, 2008". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
  7. ↑ "Craugastoridae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2014. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
  8. 1 2 3 Padial, J. M.; Grant, T.; Frost, D. R. (2014). "Molecular systematics of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria". Zootaxa. 3825: 1–132. doi:10.11646/zootaxa825.1.1.
  9. ↑ McCranie, J.R., M.H. Wake, L. Valdés Orellana (2013). "Craugastor laticeps. Possible ovoviviparity". Herpetological Review. 44 (4): 653–654.
  10. ↑ Hedges, S. B.; Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P (2008). "New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1737: 1–182.
  11. ↑ Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Atopophrynus Lynch and Ruiz-Carranza, 1982". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  12. ↑ Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Geobatrachus Ruthven, 1915". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
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