Holbeach

Holbeach
Mosaic in Holbeach
Holbeach
Holbeach shown within Lincolnshire
Population	10,458 (2011)[1]
OS grid reference	TF358248
• London	85 mi (137 km) S
District	South Holland
Shire county	Lincolnshire
Region	East Midlands
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	SPALDING
Postcode district	PE12
Dialling code	01406
Police	Lincolnshire
Fire	Lincolnshire
Ambulance	East Midlands
EU Parliament	East Midlands
UK Parliament	South Holland and The Deepings

Holbeach is a fenland market town in the South Holland district of southern Lincolnshire, England. The town lies 8 miles (13 km) from Spalding; 17 miles (27 km) from Boston; 20 miles (32 km) from King's Lynn; 23 miles (37 km) from Peterborough; and 43 miles (69 km) by road from the county town of Lincoln. It is on the junction of the A151 and A17. The main High Street is the B1515.

The Prime Meridian of the world passes through the west of Holbeach and is marked with a millstone at Wignals Gate.^[2]

History

A number of Roman and Romano-British pottery finds have been made in and about the town.^[3]

The town's market charter was awarded in 1252 to Thomas de Moulton, a local baron. All Saints' Church was built in the 14th century and the porch, which was built around 1700, possibly incorporated parts of de Moulton's ruined castle.^[4] The associated All Saints' Hospital, for a warden and fifteen poor persons, was founded by Sir John of Kirton, in 1351. It had ceased to exist before the suppression of chantries and hospitals. The antiquarian William Stukeley reported that his father removed the ruins from the site which is now occupied by the Chequers Inn.^[5]

Until the beginning of the 17th century, the sea came to within 2 miles (3.2 km) of the town and there were severe floods recorded in the 13th and 16th centuries. The land drainage programmes that followed moved the coastline of the Wash to 9 miles (14 km) away, leaving Holbeach surrounded by more than 23,000 acres (93 km²) of reclaimed fertile agricultural land. In 1615, nominees of the Earl of Argyll were entitled to land which was reclaimed from the sea in Wigtoft, Moulton, Whaplode, Holbeach and Tydd St Mary. The Earl paid for the work, but differences of opinion stalled the project after 1634.^[6] Further enclosure of marshes were recorded in 1660, in Gedney, Whaplode, Holbeach and Moulton.^[7] The work included the building of an embankment, and resulted in 9,798 acres (39.65 km²) being added to Holbeach parish. A second embankment was built under the provisions of the South Holland Embankment Act (1793), and added another 2,059 acres (8.33 km²). Following unsuccessful attempts in the 1830s, the rest of Holbeach Marsh was enclosed in 1840. The project was directed by Mr Millington, and the total area added to the parish by all these enclosures was 12,390 acres (50.1 km²).^[8]

The Spalding and Norwich Railway, (later incorporated in the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway), opened Holbeach railway station in 1862. Like the rest of the M&GN route it closed to passengers in 1959 (before the Beeching Axe) and the line closed entirely in 1965.^[9]

The 19th century also saw the building of several small churches, including a Wesleyan chapel, built on Chapel Street in 1808,^[10] and a Baptist chapel, which was built on Albert Street in 1845 using red brick and colourwashed render.^[11]

The Second World War defences constructed at nearby Lawyers Creek comprise a number of pillboxes including the rare Ruck machine gun post.^[12]

Geography

All Saints' churchyard

Holbeach signpost

The name "Holbeach" also applies to the civil parish of Holbeach. The parish is one of the largest by area in England, and extends from Cambridgeshire to the Wash, measuring 16 miles (26 km) north to south, and about 4 miles (6.4 km) east to west. The total population of the parish is almost 24,000 with approximately 5,000 in Holbeach town. The town has the most inhabitants and services compared to the villages surrounding it which incorporate its name.

Along with the town of Holbeach proper, the name is found in a number of villages in the Lincolnshire Fens: Holbeach Bank, Holbeach Clough, Holbeach Drove, Holbeach Fen, Holbeach Hurn, Holbeach St Johns, Holbeach St Marks and Holbeach St Matthew. This repetition of a name for a collection of close-lying villages is not unknown in the Fens: Gedney, Tydd, and Walpole are other examples.

The drainage of land around Holbeach is now the responsibility of the South Holland Internal Drainage Board,^[13] part of the Water Management Alliance, formerly known as the King’s Lynn Consortium of Internal Drainage Boards.

Economy

Much of the economy has been based on food processing and bulb growing. The United Kingdom's largest supplier of tulip and daffodil bulbs is situated to the north of the town and flour milling continues at Barrington Mill.^[14]

Community

Local public houses are the Horse & Groom, the Mansion House and Chequers Hotel on High Street, the Crown Hotel on West Street and the String of Horses on Boston Road South. The Station Inn, Red Lion, the Exchange and the Black Bull on Fleet Street have closed.

The Royal Air Force maintains a bombing range, known officially as RAF Holbeach, on salt marshland at the coast of Holbeach parish, near the village of Gedney Drove End. The RAF station is situated approximately 11 miles (18 km) north west of Holbeach town centre.

The town is served by the local South Holland radio station Tulip Radio from nearby Spalding.

Education

There are two primary schools in Holbeach – Holbeach Primary School and William Stukeley Church of England Primary School.

The local secondary school on Park Road was called the George Farmer Technology & Language College but, in September 2011, it became the University Academy Holbeach.

Holbeach is the base for a campus of the University of Lincoln, redeveloped in 2004 on the Park Road site of the former Holbeach Agricultural Centre and now known as Holbeach Technology Park. The campus specialises in food manufacturing technology.^[15]

Sport

The local football club is Holbeach United, founded in 1929.^[16] The team plays in the United Counties League, part of the English football league system, and are known as the Tigers in reference to 'Fen Tigers', 18th-century local people who fought against the destruction of their way of life through the draining of the Fens.

Speedway racing took place at nearby Bell End at Whaplode St Catherine.^[17] Details of the events are sketchy and some reports suggest the venue had grass-surfaced straights and dirt-surfaced bends. The venue is known to have operated in the immediate post-war era but closed in 1948.

Notable people

• Norman Angell, Nobel Peace Prize winner, 1933
• Boz Burrell, bass guitarist, King Crimson and Bad Company
• Geoff Capes, shotputter and former World's Strongest Man
• Susanna Centlivre (c. 1667 to 1670 – 1 December 1723), born Susanna Freeman, was actress, and "the most successful female playwright of the eighteenth century"
• Tommy Clay, sports writer, coach and administrator, founder of Holbeach Athletics Club, awarded the BEM for services to sport. (His picture appears, top right, in the Holbeach Mosaic)^[18][19]
• Henry Holbeach (c. 1477 – 2 August 1551), monk and Bishop of Lincoln
• Cyril Lowe MC, DFC, rugby union international, First World War flying ace, and supposedly the inspiration for W. E. Johns' character "Biggles"
• Walter Plowright, veterinary scientist who devoted his career to the eradication of the cattle plague rinderpest
• Christine Russell (née Carr), Labour MP for the City of Chester from 1997 to 2010.
• Stuart Storey, BBC sports commentator
• William Stukeley (1687–1765), antiquarian who pioneered the archaeological investigation of Stonehenge and Avebury, was born in the town

References

Further reading

• Darby, H C (1956). The Draining of the Fens (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-07430-8. 
• Foot, William (2006). Beaches, fields, streets, and hills ... the anti-invasion landscapes of England, 1940. Council for British Archaeology. ISBN 978-1-902771-53-3. 
• Wheeler, William Henry (1896). A History of the Fens of South Lincolnshire. British Museum Historical Reprint (2nd ed.). J M Newcombe. ISBN 978-1-241-32839-9. 

External links

• Media related to Holbeach at Wikimedia Commons
• Holbeach Today