Hokkaido proportional representation block

Hokkaidō Proportional Representation Block
Parliamentary constituency for the Japanese House of Representatives
Map of House of Representatives proportional blocks, with an arrow pointing to the Hokkaidō block
Prefecture	Hokkaidō
Electorate	4,537,448
Current constituency
Created	1994
Number of members	Eight

The Hokkaidō proportional representation block (比例[代表]北海道ブロック, Hirei [daihyō] Hokkaidō burokku) is one of eleven proportional representation (PR) blocks for the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan. It consists of Hokkaidō and is one of two PR blocks that covers only one prefecture, the other being Tokyo. Following the introduction of proportional voting, it elected nine representatives in the election of 1996. Since 2000, the Hokkaidō PR block has been represented by eight representatives.

Summary of results

With eight seats, Hokkaidō is the second-smallest PR block (Shikoku has only six seats), and the vote share needed to gain a seat is usually above ten percent. In 2000, when the combined vote of the two major parties reached a low of 56.8%, the Social Democratic Party managed to obtain a seat with only 8.9% of the vote (for a detailed explanation, see D'Hondt method).

In addition to the five national parties that emerged from the party realignments of the 1990s, the regionalist one-man party New Party Daichi has become a contender for PR seats in Hokkaidō. In all three elections in which it fielded candidates, it managed to obtain the third-largest vote share and one seat.

general election	DPJ			LDP			Kōmeitō			JCP			SDP			NPD			NFP ('96)/LP ('00)/ TPJ ('12)			JRP ('12)/JIP ('14)			Others
general election	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats
1996	835,042	31.8	3	740,677	28.2	3	–			396,923	15.1	1	–			–			552,847	21.1	2	–			100,807	3.8	0
2000	898,678	31.2	3	735,318	25.6	2	368,198	12.8	1	365,061	12.7	1	255,319	8.9	1	–			236,301	8.2	0	–			17,987	0.6	0
2003	1,153,471	40.8	4	876,653	31.0	3	394,843	14.0	1	253,442	9.0	0	147,146	5.2	0	–			–			–			–
2005	1,090,727	33.8	3	940,705	29.1	3	368,552	11.4	1	241,371	7.5	0	152,646	4.7	0	433,938	13.4	1	–			–			–
2009	1,348,318	40.6	4	805,895	24.2	2	354,886	10.7	1	241,345	7.3	0	113,562	3.4	0	433,122	13.0	1	–			–			27,675	0.8	0
2012	477,356	18.2	2	692,304	26.4	3	289,011	11.0	1	182,968	7.0	0	48,351	1.8	0	346,848	13.2	1	81,838	3.1	0	333,760	12.7	1	166,028	6.3	0
2014	688,922	27.6	2	744,748	29.8	3	307,534	12.3	1	302,251	12.1	1	53,604	2.1	0	–			–			247,342	9.9	1	155,463	6.2	0

Party names are abbreviated as follows (format: abbreviation, translated name, Japanese name, Engrish name):

DPJ "Democratic Party", Minshutō, Democratic Party of Japan
LDP Liberal Democratic Party, Jiyūminshutō
Kōmeitō "Justice Party", Kōmeitō, New Justice Party Party
JCP Japanese Communist Party, Nihon Kyōsantō
SDP Social Democratic Party, Shakaiminshutō
NFP New Frontier Party, Shinshintō
LP Liberal Party, Jiyūtō
HRP Happiness Realization Party, Kōfuku-jitsugen-tō
Honshitsu "New Party 'The Essential'", Shintō Honshitsu

List of Representatives

Elected Representatives
Term	1996-2000			2000-03		2003-05	2005-09		2009-12		2012-14		2014-pres.
Rep. Party	Kaori Maruya NFP	Kaori Maruya Komeito (from 1998)							Hisashi Inatsu Komeito		Hidemichi Satō Komeito
Rep. Party	Kenji Kodama JCP					Hiroko Nakano DPJ	Seiji Ōsaka DPJ		Hiroko Nakano DPJ		Takahiro Yokomichi DPJ		Kazuya Hatayama JCP
Rep. Party	Seiichi Kaneda DPJ					Chiyomi Kobayashi DPJ	Satoshi Arai (resigned 2007) DPJ	Tomohiro Ishikawa DPJ	Maya Yamazaki DPJ		Satoshi Arai DPJ			Satoshi Arai DP (from 2016)
Rep. Party	Seiichi Ikehata DPJ			Wakio Mitsui DPJ		Kenkō Matsuki DPJ			Tatsumaru Yamaoka DPJ		Miho Takahashi JRP	Miho Takahashi JIP (from 2014)	Takako Suzuki DPJ	Takako Suzuki Ind. (from 2016)
Rep. Party	Kenji Nakazawa DPJ					Hidenori Sasaki DPJ	Takamori Yoshikawa LDP		Hitomi Kudō DPJ		Shigeaki Katsunuma LDP		Kenkō Matsuki JIP	Kenkō Matsuki DP (from 2016)
Rep. Party	Toshiyuki Wanibuchi NFP	Toshiyuki Wanibuchi Lib. (from 1998)		Keiko Yamauchi SDP		Eikō Kaneta LDP	Yukari Iijima LDP		Nobutaka Machimura (resigned 2010) LDP	Hiroshi Imazu LDP	Kōichi Watanabe LDP
Rep. Party	Muneo Suzuki LDP				Muneo Suzuki Ind. (resigned from LDP, 2002)	Gaku Ishizaki LDP	Hiroshi Imazu LDP		Tsutomu Takebe LDP		Seiichi Shimizu LDP		Hiroshi Imazu LDP
Rep. Party	Takamori Yoshikawa LDP			Hirofumi Iwakura LDP		Takafumi Yamashita LDP	Muneo Suzuki (arrested 2010) NPD			Takahiro Asano NPD	Tomohiro Ishikawa (resigned 2013) NPD	Takako Suzuki NPD	Kazuo Maeda LDP
Rep. Party	Kōkō Satō LDP		Seat abolished

Recent results

2014

#: List rank assigned by the party
District column: For double candidates who concurrently ran in a single-member electoral district, the district column contains the electoral district where they stood and the sekihairitsu (lit. "narrow defeat ratio"), the ratio of margin of defeat. It determines the ranking of candidates who are put on the same list rank by their party.
(in parentheses): Double candidates who are not eligible for election in the proportional block either because they won their district races or were disqualified for having received less than 10% of the vote in the district race (the same threshold as for losing the deposit in the single-member district election)

Hokkaidō block results in the 2014 general House of Representatives election^[1]
#	Candidate	District	Status	#	Candidate	District	Status	#	Candidate	District	Status
LDP: 744,748 votes (29.8%), 3 seats	DPJ: 688,922 votes (27.6%), 2 seats	Kōmeitō: 307,534 votes (12.3%), 1 seat
1	Kōichi Watanabe	–	Elected	1	Takako Suzuki	Hokkaidō 7 (99.7%)	Elected	1	Hidemichi Satō	–	Elected
2	(Takamori Yoshikawa)	Hokkaidō 2 (won)		2	(Takahiro Yokomichi)	Hokkaidō 1 (won)		2	Hisayuki Takeda	–
	(Hirohisa Takagi)	Hokkaidō 3 (won)			(Takahiro Sasaki)	Hokkaidō 6 (won)		JCP: 302,251 votes (12.1%), 1 seat
	(Hiroyuki Nakamura)	Hokkaidō 4 (won)			(Seiji Ōsaka)	Hokkaidō 8 (won)		1	Kazuya Hatayama	–	Elected
	(Nobutaka Machimura)	Hokkaidō 5 (won)			Satoshi Arai	Hokkaidō 3 (92.3%)	Elected	2	Masatoshi Kanakura	Hokkaidō 2 (40.9%)
	(Yoshitaka Itō)	Hokkaidō 7 (won)			Yoshio Hachiro	Hokkaidō 4 (90.1%)		JIP: 247,342 votes (9.9%), 1 seat
	(Manabu Horii)	Hokkaidō 9 (won)			Tatsumaru Yamaoka	Hokkaidō 9 (88.1%)		1	Kenkō Matsuki	Hokkaidō 2 (63.5%)	Elected
	(Yūko Nakagawa)	Hokkaidō 11 (won)			Hiroshi Kamiya	Hokkaidō 10 (82.1%)		1	Yasufumi Kowada	Hokkaidō 3 (28.2%)
	(Arata Takebe)	Hokkaidō 12 (won)			Kenji Katsube	Hokkaidō 5 (72.2%)		3	Tomokazu Ōtake	–
	Hiroshi Imazu	Hokkaidō 6 (97.2%)	Elected		Takeo Mitsu	Hokkaidō 11 (70.4%)		Support no Party: 104,854 votes (4.2%), no seat
	Kazuo Maeda	Hokkaidō 8 (93.4%)	Elected		Mika Mizukami	Hokkaidō 12 (67.1%)		1	Hidemitsu Sano	–	–
	Toshimitsu Funahashi	Hokkaidō 1 (90.9%)		SDP: 53,604 votes (2.1%), no seat	2	Akiko Hondō	–	–
13	Seiichi Shimizu	–		1	Minoru Michibayashi	–	–	HRP: 12,267 votes (0.5%), no seat
14	Chikako Kanazawa	–		PFG: 38,342 votes (1.5%), no seat				1	Yoshinori Moruyama	–	–
15	Kuniyoshi Azuma	–		1	Satoshi Yasuda	–	–	2	Yūichi Seto	–	–

2012

#: List rank assigned by the party
District column: For double candidates who concurrently ran in a single-member electoral district, the district column contains the electoral district where they stood and the sekihairitsu (lit. "narrow defeat ratio"), the ratio of margin of defeat. It determines the ranking of candidates who are put on the same list rank by their party.
(in parentheses): Double candidates who are not eligible for election in the proportional block either because they won their district races or were disqualified (for having received less than 10% of the vote in the district race)

Hokkaidō block results in the 2012 general House of Representatives election^[2]
#	Candidate	District	Status	#	Candidate	District	Status	#	Candidate	District	Status
LDP: 692,304 votes (26.4%), 3 seats	DPJ: 477,356 votes (18.2%), 2 seats	NPD: 346,848 votes (13.2%), 1 seat
1	Kōichi Watanabe	–	Elected	1	Takahiro Yokomichi	Hokkaidō 1 (92.9%)	Elected	1	Tomohiro Ishikawa	Hokkaidō 11 (80.8%)	Elected Resigned in 2013
2	(Toshifumi Funahashi)	Hokkaidō 1 (won)			Satoshi Arai	Hokkaidō 3 (73.1%)	Elected		Takako Suzuki	Hokkaidō 7 (69.9%)	Elected in 2013
	(Takamori Yoshikawa)	Hokkaidō 2 (won)			Seiji Ōsaka	Hokkaidō 8 (71.7%)	–		Kenkō Matsuki	Hokkaidō 12 (58.0%)	–
	(Hirohisa Takagi)	Hokkaidō 3 (won)			Tadamasa Kodaira	Hokkaidō 10 (71.6%)	–		Hiroyasu Shimizu	Hokkaidō 1 (52.1%)	–
	(Hiroyuki Nakamura)	Hokkaidō 4 (won)			Takahiro Sasaki	Hokkaidō 6 (67.2%)	–		Takahiro Asano	Hokkaidō 10 (45.2%)	–
	(Nobutaka Machimura)	Hokkaidō 5 (won)			Yoshio Hachiro	Hokkaidō 4 (66.8%)	–		Junko Machikawa	Hokkaidō 3 (35.1%)	–
	(Hiroshi Imazu)	Hokkaidō 6 (won)			Wakio Mitsui	Hokkaidō 2 (66.4%)	–		Hideto Tomabechi	Hokkaidō 4 (32.3%)	–
	(Yoshitaka Itō)	Hokkaidō 7 (won)			Shigeyuki Nakamae	Hokkaidō 5 (53.7%)	–	JRP: 333,760 votes (12.7%), 1 seat
	(Kazuo Maeda)	Hokkaidō 8 (won)			Tatsumaru Yamaoka	Hokkaidō 9 (50.8%)	–	1	Miho Takahashi	Hokkaidō 2 (56.4%)	Elected
	(Manabu Horii)	Hokkaidō 9 (won)			Hiroko Nakano	Hokkaidō 7 (29.4%)	–		Tomokazu Ōtake	Hokkaidō 1 (54.2%)	–
	(Yūko Nakagawa)	Hokkaidō 11 (won)			Maya Yamazaki	Hokkaidō 12 (27.9%)	–		Yasufumi Kowada	Hokkaidō 3 (40.6%)	–
	(Arata Takebe)	Hokkaidō 12 (won)		NK: 289,011 votes (11.0%), 1 seat	4	Chitoku Yonenaga	–	–
13	Seiichi Shimizu	–	Elected	1	Hidemichi Satō	–	Elected	JCP: 182,968 votes (7.0%), no seat
14	Shigeaki Katsunuma	–	Elected	2	Hisayuki Takeda	–	–	1	Kazuya Hatayama	–	–
15	Atsuko Ōkoshi	–	–	YP: 155,522 votes (5.9%), no seat				2	(Hiroyuki Norota)	Hokkaidō 1 (22.5%)	DQ
TPJ: 81,838 votes (3.1%), no seat				1	Takanobu Azuma	Hokkaidō 6 (47.2%)	–	SDP: 48,351 votes (1.8%), no seat
1	Mika Kitade	Hokkaidō 8 (23.9%)	–		Yūji Nishida	Hokkaidō 5 (31.9%)	–	1	Takao Asano	–	–
HRP: 10,506 votes (0.4%), no seat					Ryūji Sawada	Hokkaidō 2 (29.4%)	–
1	Ichirō Kojima	–	–
2	Kenjirō Sumi	–	–

2009

Hokkaidō block results in the 2009 general election^[3]^[4]
#	Candidate	District	"Loss ratio" (sekihairitsu)	Elected	#	Candidate	District	"Loss ratio"	Elected	#	Candidate	District	"Loss ratio"	Elected
LDP: 805,895 votes (24.2%), 2 seats					DPJ: 1,348,318 votes (40.6%), 4 seats					Kōmeitō: 354,886 votes (10.7%), 1 seat
1	Tsutomu Takebe	Hokkaidō 12	88.6%	Elected	1	Hiroko Nakano	Hokkaidō 7	99.0%	Elected	1	Hisashi Inatsu	PR only		Elected
	Nobutaka Machimura	Hokkaidō 5	82.7%	Elected		Takahiro Yokomichi	Hokkaidō 1	Won district		2	Hisayuki Takeda	PR only		–
	Yoshitaka Itō	Hokkaidō 7	Won district			Wakio Mitsui	Hokkaidō 2	Won district		NPD: 433,122 votes (13.0%), 1 seat
	Shōichi Nakagawa	Hokkaidō 11	75.6%	– (died)		Gaku Ishizaki	Hokkaidō 3	Won district		#	Candidate	District	"Loss ratio"	Elected
	Hiroshi Imazu	Hokkaidō 6	68.2%	– (in 2010)		Yoshio Hachiro	Hokkaidō 4	Won district		1	Muneo Suzuki	PR only		Elected
	Gaku Hasegawa	Hokkaidō 1	67.8%	–		Chiyomi Kobayashi	Hokkaidō 5	Won district		2	Eita Yashiro			– (DQ)
	Gaku Ishizaki	Hokkaidō 3	60.6%	–		Takahiro Sasaki	Hokkaidō 6	Won district		3	Takahiro Asano			– (in 2010)
	Takamori Yoshikawa	Hokkaidō 2	56.7%	–		Seiji Ōsaka	Hokkaidō 8	Won district		4	Junko HANA			–
	Yukari Iijima	Hokkaidō 10	55.9%	–		Tadamasa Kodaira	Hokkaidō 10	Won district		JCP: 241,345 votes (7.3%), no seat
	Tōru Miyamoto	Hokkaidō 4	50.1%	–		Shōichi Nakagawa	Hokkaidō 11	Won district		#	Candidate	District	"Loss ratio"	Elected
	Satoshi Kawabata	Hokkaidō 9	39.2%	–		Tsutomu Takebe	Hokkaidō 12	Won district		1	Satoshi Miyauchi	PR only		–
	Keishirō Fukushima	Hokkaidō 8	33.9%	–	12	Maya Yamazaki	PR only		Elected	2	Chiharu Oka	Hokkaidō 2	16.6%	–
13	Takahiro Anada	PR only		–	13	Tatsumaru Yamaoka			Elected		Kazutoshi Ogiu	Hokkaidō 6	10.1%	–
14	Shin'ya Numazawa			–	14	Hitomi Kudō			Elected		Akiko Satō	Hokkaidō 9	10.0%	–
15	Fumitaka Uechi			–	15	Masanori Sekifuji			–		Yukari Watanabe	Hokkaidō 1	9.3%	–
SDP: 113,562 votes (3.4%), no seat					HRP: 20,276 votes (0.6%), no seat					Honshitsu: 7,399 votes (0.2%), no seat
#	Candidate	District	"Loss ratio"	Elected	#	Candidate	District	"Loss ratio"	Elected	#	Candidate	District	"Loss ratio"	Elected
1	Taka Yamaguchi	PR only		–	1	Naofumi Satō	PR only		–	1	Hidemitsu Sano	PR only		–
2	Yumi Honda	Hokkaidō 2	8.7%	–	2	Tomoo Kobayashi	PR only		–	2	Akiko Hondō	PR only		–

References

Heartbeats Corp., The Senkyo: Results of general and by-elections for the House of Representatives since 1890

Hokkaidō's electoral districts for the Diet of Japan
FPTP "small" districts (1996–present) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 (13) PR Hokkaidō PR block House of Councillors At-large (13→12 Representatives (PR block: 9→8), 4→6 Councillors)
SNTV "medium-sized" districts (1947–1993) 1 2 3 4 5 (22→23 Representatives, 8→4 Councillors)
Limited voting "large" districts (1946) 1 2 (23 Representatives)
SNTV "medium-sized" districts (1928–1942) 1 2 3 4 5 (20 Representatives)
FPTP/SNTV "small" districts (1920–1924) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 (16 Representatives)
SNTV "large" districts era (1902–1917), in Hokkaidō FPTP single-member districts Sapporo city (ku) Hakodate city (ku) Otaru city (ku) subprefectures 1 subprefectures 2 subprefectures 3 (3→6 Representatives)

Single-member districts and proportional representation "blocks" for the Japanese House of Representatives since 1996
Speaker of the House of Representatives of Japan: Tadamori Ōshima, Aomori 3 Vice Speaker of the House of Representatives of Japan: Tatsuo Kawabata, Kinki PR
Hokkaidō proportional representation block - 8 seats	Hokkaidō 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (7) 8 9 10 11 12 (13)
Tōhoku proportional representation block - 14 seats	Aomori 1 2 3 4 Iwate 1 2 3 4 Miyagi 1 2 3 4 5 6 Akita 1 2 3 Yamagata 1 2 3 (4) Fukushima 1 2 3 4 5
Kitakantō proportional representation block - 20 seats	Ibaraki 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tochigi 1 2 3 4 5 Gunma 1 2 3 4 5 Saitama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Minami-Kantō proportional representation block - 22 seats	Chiba 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Kanagawa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Yamanashi 1 2 (3)
Tokyo proportional representation block - 17 seats	Tokyo 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Hokurikushin'etsu proportional representation block - 11 seats	Niigata 1 2 3 4 5 6 Toyama 1 2 3 Ishikawa 1 2 3 Fukui 1 2 (3) Nagano 1 2 3 4 5
Tōkai proportional representation block - 21 seats	Gifu 1 2 3 4 5 Shizuoka 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (9) Aichi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Mie 1 2 3 4 5
Kinki proportional representation block - 29 seats	Shiga 1 2 3 4 Kyoto 1 2 3 4 5 6 Osaka 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Hyōgo 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Nara 1 2 3 4 Wakyama 1 2 3
Chūgoku proportional representation block - 11 seats	Tottori 1 2 Shimane 1 2 (3) Okayama 1 2 3 4 5 Hiroshima 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Yamaguchi 1 2 3 4
Shikoku proportional representation block - 6 seats	Tokushima 1 2 (3) Kagawa 1 2 3 Ehime 1 2 3 4 Kōchi 1 2 (3)
Kyūshū proportional representation block - 21 seats	Fukuoka 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Saga 1 2 (3) Nagasaki 1 2 3 4 Kumamoto 1 2 3 4 5 Ōita 1 2 3 (4) Miyazaki 1 2 3 Kagoshma 1 2 3 4 5 Okinawa 1 2 3 4
(in parentheses): districts eliminated in the 2002 and 2013 reapportionments

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