Ibn 'Asakir
| Ibn ‘Asākir | |
|---|---|
| Born | Muharram 499AH / September, 1105[1] |
| Died | 11 Rajab, 571AH/ 24 January 1176 [1][2] (aged 71) |
| Era | Medieval era |
| Region | Damascus (Burid dynasty/Zengid dynasty) |
| Religion | Islam |
| Denomination | Sunni |
| Jurisprudence | Shafi'i |
| Creed | Ash'ari[3][4] |
| Main interest(s) | History |
Ibn Asakir (Arabic: ابن عساكر, translit. Ibn ‘Asākir; 1106–1175) was a Sunni Islamic scholar,[1] a historian[5] and a student of the Sunni mystic Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi.[5]
Name
His full name was Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Hibat Allah ibn `Abd Allah, Thiqat al-Din, Abu al-Qasim, known as Ibn `Asakir al-Dimashqi al-Shafi`i al-Ash`ari (الحافظ المورخ علی بن الحسن بن ھبۃ اللہ بن عبداللہ بن الحسین الدمشقی الشافعی).[1]
Life
Born in Damascus, during the reign of atabeg Toghtekin, Ibn Asakir received an extensive education, as befitting someone from a wealthy family.[6] By 1120, he was attending lectures of al-Sulami at the Shafi'i madrasa, which was built by atabeg Gumushtegin.[6] He traveled to Baghdad, following the death of his father, and went on hajj in 1127. He returned to Baghdad to hear lectures at the Nezamiyeh, from Abu l'Hasan al-Ansari(a pupil of al-Ghazali), lectures on the hadith of Abi Salih al-Karamani and Ibn al-Husayn Abu 'l-Kasim.
By 1132, Ibn Asakir returned to Damascus being married within the year. Civil disturbances forced him to leave Damascus and travel from Isafahan to Merv, where he met Abu Sa'd 'Abd al-Karim al-Samani. With al-Samani he travel to Nishapur and Herat and by 1139 he had passed through Baghdad on his way back to Damascus. Throughout his journey he collected numerous hadiths and had become a hafiz.[6]
Under the patronage of Nur ad-Din Zangi, Ibn Asakir wrote the Tarikh Dimashq. In 1170, Nur al-Din built the madrasa Dar al-Hadith for Ibn Asakir.[7][8]
Ibn Asakir studied under 80 female Muslim scholars.[9]
Works
- History of Damascus (Arabic: Tarikh Dimashiq) is one of the most important books about the Islamic history of Syria, covering the life of important figures who resided in or visited Damascus. That is not limited to the assessment of narrators of hadith, Ilm ar-Rijal,[10] but also includes historical and political figures. When it comes to Islamic figures, Ibn Asakir tried to collect everything that has been said about that figure, true or false, with full chain of narration. It also contains a huge collection of Arabic poems. It was printed recently in seventy two volumes.
- The Exposure of the Culmniator's Lying Concerning What Has Been Imputed to the Imam Abul Hasan Al-Ash'ari (Arabic: Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari fi ma Nusiba ilal Imam Abil Hasan al Ash'ari) is a biography of Al-Ash'ari, relaying his ancestry, his conversion from Mu'tazilism and his subsequent "middle position" creed, i.e. Orthodox Sunni Islam.[11] In it, Ibn Asakir lays out Ash'ari's "middle position" in 13 points, highlighting two opposing and extreme views in each and discussing the middle position Ash'ari took. For example, he writes:[12]
"Likewise, The Najjariyya held that the Creator is in every place without localization or direction. And the Hashwiyya and Mujassima held that God is localized on the Throne, and that Throne is a place for him, and that He is sitting on it. But al-Ash'ari followed a middle course between them and held that God was when no place was, and then He created the Throne and the [Kursiyy] without His needing a place, and He was just the same after creating place as He had been before He created it."[13]
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 Ibn Asakir
- ↑ Salaam Knowledge
- ↑ Aaron Spevack, The Archetypal Sunni Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism in the Synthesis of Al-Bajuri, p 55. State University of New York Press, 1 Oct 2014. ISBN 143845371X
- ↑ Brown, Jonathan (2013). The Canonization of al-Bukhārī and Muslim: The Formation and Function of the Sunnī Ḥadīth Canon (Islamic History and Civilization). Brill Publishers. p. 219. ISBN 9004158391.
- 1 2 F. Sobieroj (1987). "al-Suhrawardi". In C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs; G. Lecomte. The Encyclopaedia of Islam. IX. Brill. p. 778.
- 1 2 3 N. Elisseeff (1986). "Ibn Asakir". In B. Lewis; V.L. Menage; C. Pellat; J. Schacht. The Encyclopaedia of Islam. III. Brill. pp. 713–714.
- ↑ Newman, Andrew J. (2006). "Ibn Asakir". In Josef W. Meri; Jere L. Bacharach. Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. 1. Routledge. p. 351.
- ↑ Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives, (Routledge, 2000), 127.
- ↑ Muhammad Eqbal, Farouque Hassan, “Madrassa (Madrasah),” in Helmut K. Anheier and Stefan Toepler eds. International Encyclopedia of Civil Society (New York: Springer, 2010), p. 964.
- ↑ Ibn Asakir
- ↑ McCarthy, Richard J. (1953). The Theology of Al-Ashari. Imprimerie Catholique. p. 145.
- ↑ McCarthy, Richard J. (1953). The Theology of Al-Ashari. Imprimerie Catholique. p. 171.
- ↑ McCarthy, Richard J. (1953). The Theology of Al-Ashari. Imprimerie Catholique. p. 172.