List of pipe organs

This is a list and brief description of notable pipe organs in the world, with links to corresponding articles about them.

Historic organs

Organ of Basilica of Valère

• It is generally agreed upon that the world's oldest playable pipe organ is located in the Basilica of Valère in Sion, Switzerland. Built around 1435, most of the case is original, but only 12 pipes are original, as the rest have been replaced during restorations.^[1]
• It is said that the organ in the St. Andreas at Ostönnen (Westfalia, Germany) is even older than the organ mentioned above. Its wind chests and divisions date back to 1425 - 1430, and half the pipes are still original. However, the case and key action were rebuilt in the Baroque period.^[1]
• In the S. Petronio Basilica in Bologna there is a Lorenzo da Prato organ built in 1475 with a lot of original stops, and is still playable after a restoration took place in 1986.
• In the Old Cathedral (Duomo Vecchio) in Brescia (Italy) there is a Giangiacomo Antegnati (1536) - Fratelli Serassi (1826) organ. When in the 19th century the Antegnati was restored and enlarged, the priests of the church, in admiration of Antegnati masterpiece, asked Serassi to preserve all the old pipes.
• The organ in Évora Cathedral in Portugal was built in 1562. Some of the materials used belong to a previous instrument from 1544. This organ is fully functional today. It had interventions in 1694 by Heitor Lobo, 1760 by Pasquale Gaetano Oldovini and 1967 Dirk Andries Flentrop.
• In Wilhelmsburg Castle in Schmalkalden, Germany, there is a historic organ built between 1587 and 1589 by Daniel Meyer. Notably its facade pipes are veneered with ivory.
• In Bälinge kyrka in Sweden, there is an organ built in 1632 with 51 pipes. It was constructed by George Herman (dies ca 1655) and Philip Eisenmenger (dies after 1657) in Stockholm. The Wood carvings on the facade where made by the German master carver Mårten Redtmer (dies 1655), he also worked on the royal warship Wasa.
• The Johann Woeckerl Organ in the Cathedral-Church of Saint-George in Sopron, Hungary, was built in 1633, but the pipes of its Holzflöte 8 stop were made in 1580. Among the church's congregation was Vitus "Veit" Bach, a miller whose great-great grandson Johann Sebastian Bach would compose the most celebrated organ music in the world.
• The oldest (complete) surviving church organ in the UK is that by Renatus Harris in St Botolph's Aldgate, and dates from 1744.
• The Organ Historical Society maintains a citation list of historic North American organs.^[2]

The largest pipe organs in the world

Civic and concert hall organs

• The largest pipe organ ever built, based on number of pipes, is the Boardwalk Hall Auditorium Organ in Atlantic City, New Jersey, built by the Midmer-Losh Organ Company between 1929 and 1932. The organ contains seven manuals, 449 ranks, 337 registers, and 33,114 pipes. It weighs approximately 150 tons.^[3] (If one thinks that is extravagant, it must be kept in mind that Boardwalk Hall itself encloses over 5,500,000 cubic feet of space.) Most of the organ has not functioned since 1944; a partial restoration in 1998 was largely reversed by construction damage during a renovation of the Boardwalk Hall shortly afterwards. Parts of the organ are again being restored to playing order in a $16M restoration effort that is expected to be completed by 2023. As of 2015 as much as 20% of the restoration is completed and, if financial support continues, as much as 50% of the restoration may be completed by 2016. This project has been completed to the extent that public concerts have resumed. (One must consider that even if only 7-10,000 pipes are currently playable, that is still more than the majority of the world's large organs have.)^[4]
  • It contains the world's largest Diaphone, the 64′ Diaphone-Dulzian in the Pedal Right Division, which is also one of only two full-length 64′ stops in the world.^[5]
  • The Grand Ophicleide (organ stop) in the Pedal Right Division, speaking on 100" wind pressure, is also recognised by The Guinness Book of World Records as the loudest organ stop in the world. It is described as having "a pure trumpet note of ear-splitting volume, more than six times the volume of the loudest locomotive whistle". In fact, the Grand Ophicleide produces 130 dB at 1 meter distance.^[6]
• The Wanamaker Grand Court Organ at Wanamaker's department store (now operated by Macy's) in Philadelphia is the largest functional organ, the second largest organ based on number of pipes, and the largest based on number of ranks and physical mass weight.^[7] It is the largest operational musical instrument in the world, with six manuals, 463 ranks, 399 registers, and 28,677 pipes; it weighs 287 tons. The organ was initially constructed by the Los Angeles Art Organ Co. for the 1904 World's Fair in St. Louis; it was designed by George Ashdown Audsley. The organ was purchased by John Wanamaker for his large new Philadelphia store; disassembled, the organ filled 13 rail cars. Uniquely, the Wanamaker Organ had from the beginning full-time organ fabricators and technicians, a true "organ shop". They expanded the organ in 1914–1917 and again in 1924-1930.^[8] It is played twice a day, six days a week, and there are many recordings of this organ.^[9]

The National Theater and Concert Hall organ in Taiwan, Republic of China

• The largest concert hall organ in the Western hemisphere, and world's 6th (2nd and 7th respectively, if you include the Midmer-Losh in Boardwalk Hall) is the 250 rank, 5 manual, and 15,633 pipes^[10] instrument located in the Auditorio Nacional (National Auditorium) in México City, México^[11]
• The largest concert hall organ in the U.S. (if you don't include the Midmer-Losh in Boardwalk Hall, for not being fully operational) is the Newberry Memorial Organ, a 197-rank E. M. Skinner at Woolsey Hall, Yale University, New Haven, CT. With the exception of México's Auditorio Nacional and the Sydney Opera House organ, it is the largest concert hall organ in the world.^[12]
• The National Concert Hall instrument in Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China, was the largest in Asia when installed in 1987.
• In 2007, the Shanghai Central Concert Hall will open with the largest pipe organ in the People's Republic of China. The organist is head of the organ department of Shanghai Conservatory.
• The Grand Organ in the Sydney Town Hall's Centenary Hall, Australia was for many years the largest in the world.^[13][14][15] It remains the world's largest organ without any electric action components and is one of only two organs with a full length 64′ Contra-Trombone stop (click here for a sound sample).^[16]
• The Sydney Opera House's Concert Hall organ is the largest organ (200 ranks, 130 voices, 5 manuals, 10,154 pipes) with mechanical key action.^[17]
• The Fred J. Cooper Memorial Organ built by Dobson Pipe Organ Builders, Op. 76, ranks as the largest mechanical-action concert hall organ in the United States.^[18] The organ is installed in Verizon Hall at the Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts in Philadelphia. At four manuals and 125 ranks, the organ contains 6,938 pipes, which are constructed of wood and metal. The largest pipes are made of wood and are about two feet square and 32 feet tall. The smallest pipes are the size of a slender drinking straw. Several of the larger metal pipes are placed in the organ’s case to form a visual display, or façade. They are made from an alloy of highly polished tin. These pipes are arranged in a broadly curving arc, and lean outward at a four-degree angle, thereby coinciding with the architecture of the Hall’s balconies. This is the first instrument ever constructed with pipes of this size mounted in this manner.^[19]
• The University of Texas at Austin's Performing Arts Center is home to the second (actually third) largest tracker organ in the United States. Located in Bates Recital Hall, the Visser-Rowland organ consists of 5,315 pipes.^[20] [While the Visser-Rowland may be the second largest tracker in a concert hall, it is not the second largest in the US. That distinction belongs to the 126 rank, 6616 pipe, tracker-action Casavant Opus 3145 (1972) in the Cathedral of Sts. Peter and Paul; Providence, Rhode Island.] http://www.providencecathedral.org/#!cathedral-organ/cyx0
• The largest full mechanical organ in Europe is the main organ of the Grote of Sint-Laurenskerk Rotterdam (Netherlands) it has 85 stops and more than 7600 pipes and was built by Marcussen & Søn.
• The Curtis Organ installed in Irvine Auditorium at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia was built for the Sesquicentennial Exposition in Philadelphia by the Austin Organ Company as its Opus 1416 in 1926. At the time of its installation it was the fourth largest organ in the world, containing 162 ranks and 10,731 pipes. The completion of the Wanamaker Organ ranked it as the second largest pipe organ in Philadelphia. For many years it was ranked as 11th largest by pipe count, but recent combining of instruments under single console control have placed it in the top 25 largest in the world by ranks or pipe count.
• The Kotzschmar Memorial Organ in Portland, Maine was the second-largest organ in the world when it was built in 1912, and is one of only two surviving "municipal organs" in the U.S.—the other being the Spreckels Organ in San Diego, California. Both organs were built by the Austin Organ Co. in Hartford, CT.^[21]
• The world's largest house organ can be found in the United States, in the Barry Norris Residence, Birmingham, Alabama. It has 200 ranks, 161 stops and a total of 11,200 pipes, which can be played from the five-manual console in the living room.
• The pipe organ in the National Kaohsiung Center for the Arts, Taiwan is manufactured by Johannes Klais Orgelbau. With 9,085 pipes, this will be the grandest organ in Asia.

Church organs

Organ South in Milan Cathedral (1395-1986).

• The organ in the Cadet Chapel, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York is the largest all-pipe organ, in a religious structure, in the world. Built in 1911 by M. P. Möller, the console is four manuals and pedal, the action is electro-pneumatic; and, the instrument is some 380 ranks, 874 stops, 293 voices, 23 divisions, with some 23,500 pipes. It is estimated to weigh over 124 tons.^[22] It is continually being enlarged. This organ is played for over 300 services each year. In the history of the Cadet Chapel there have only been four organists. There are public tours of the post and services are open to the public. The Association of Graduates sponsors a concert series free and open to the public.^[23]
• The world's second largest church organ is at the First Congregational Church of Los Angeles, California. Like Passau Cathedral (five organs, one console), it is really two separate organs playing from twin consoles. A Skinner Organ is in the front of the building built in 1931 and a Schlicker in the rear balcony. Today the organs play some 20,000 pipes with five manuals, 346 ranks, 233 registers, and 265 stops although it is continually being enlarged. Details and Stoplist. It has been restored three times, most recently in 1995 by Robert David.^[24] Recordings of this instrument appear on Telarc and Delos labels.
• The world's third largest church organ is the Passau Cathedral Organ in Passau, Germany which has acquired the largest organ outside of the United States. It is also the largest cathedral organ in the world. The organ currently has 17,774 pipes and 233 registers, all of which can be played with the five-manual gallery console.^[25]
• The Liverpool Cathedral Grand Organ is the largest pipe organ in the United Kingdom, with 10,268 pipes.^[26] It was built by Henry Willis & Sons, who also built the Royal Albert Hall Organ, the second largest in the United Kingdom.
• The organs of the Duomo di Milano (Milan Cathedral). Their history begins in 1395 (the builder was Martino de' Stremidi), and the organs were repeatedly remodelled during subsequent centuries by major Italian builders including Valvassori, Antegnati, Serassi, and Tamburini, as well as some non-Italians such as Bernard d'Allemagna. The golden decoration dates from the 16th century. In 1986 the pipes, numbering about 16,000, were reorganised into two cases (north and south) with one console.
• The 4 Manual, 5 Division, 104 Stop, 119 Rank Treanor pipe organ in the Youn Dong Presbyterian Church in Seoul Korea is the largest church organ in Asia. It is the first organ built in Korea by Koreans in the first organ factory. It is also the largest Draw-knob console in Korea. The action is Electro-Pneumatic with Pitman stop action. It is also likely the only E-P action organ to be built without unification or extensions. It was completed 2004.06.04 The organist, Kim JiLi is also the only organist in Korea to participate in the construction of an organ. (Information provided by the builder & Church brochure)
• Aside from the multiple 100" and 50" stops^[27] on the Atlantic City Boardwalk Hall Auditorium organ, the most powerful organ stops in the world are the State Trumpet on the Great Organ at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City, and the Trompette Millitaire and Tuba Magna on the organ of Liverpool Anglican Cathedral, UK. Ophicleide (organ stop) These distinctive-sounding stops operate on 50" of wind pressure and are each as loud as an entire large organ played on their own. The sound of the stops is aided by generous 8-9 second reverberation in both Cathedrals.

Organs with notable construction methods

• The Bamboo Organ at St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Church in Las Piñas, Philippines, some 12 km from downtown Manila, is made almost entirely of bamboo. The building of the organ was begun in 1816 by the Spanish Augustinian Recollect, Fr. Diego Cera de la Virgen del Carmen, and completed in 1824. It has been damaged repeatedly over the years but always restored. After its restoration in 1975 by Johannes Klais (Bonn, Germany), a yearly International Bamboo Organ Festival has been held every year (second half of February). Recordings of the organ (by titular organist Armando Salarza, Guy Bovet, Hans and Martin Haselböck, L.Ferdinando Tagliavini exist and) are available online from www.bambooorgan.org
• The main exhibit in the Ontario Science Centre in Toronto, Ontario is a hydraulophone, a kind of water-jet organ. This pipe organ has hydraulic action provided by three water pumps and the keys on the organ console are water jets, so that each "key" (water jet) affords a richly intricate means way to independently control volume, pitch, and timbre affecting each of the organ pipes. See Opening and Lesson (how to play it).
• The 5/80 Wurlitzer Theatre Organ in the residence of Jasper and Marian Sanfilippo of Barrington, Illinois, USA is considered to be the finest example of extension organ in the world today and is the largest theatre organ in the world^[28] with its 6,000 pipes.^[29] The organ was designed by David Junchen and installed in a purpose-built music room.
• The Organ of the Basilica of St. Martin (Weingarten), Weingarten, Württemberg, Germany, is built around six church windows, with a detached console facing the church. The tracker action is entirely mechanical, sometimes spanning as much as 20 metres, and going around several corners. It was built by Joseph Gabler during 1713 - 1750. Photos and details can be viewed here.

See also

• List of pipe organ builders
• Organ Historical Society

References

1. 1 2 Organ Oddities and World Records
2. ↑ at
3. ↑ Disposition der Orgel in Atlantic City (NJ), Convention Hall / Organ Specification of Atlantic City (NJ), Convention Hall
4. ↑ http://www.acchos.org/news.php
5. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2012-06-25.  (click here for a sound sample)
6. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2012-06-25. 
7. ↑ Theatreorgans.com, The World's Largest Pipe Organs, list of the world's 75 largest organs based on number of ranks
8. ↑ Theatreorgans.com, The Wanamaker Organ
9. ↑ See "Wanamaker Organ" here for schedule.
10. ↑ Tamburini, 1957.
11. ↑ http://sacredclassics.com/bigpipes.htm
12. ↑ http://theatreorgans.com/laird/top.pipe.organs.html
13. ↑ http://www.ohta.org.au/confs/Sydney/SYDNEYTOWNHALL.html
14. ↑ http://ddarmanin.webs.com/SydneyTownHall.html
15. ↑ http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/sydneytownhall/grand-organ-history.asp
16. ↑ http://www.ohta.org.au/Sydney_conf/SYDNEYTOWNHALL.html
17. ↑ http://www.sydneyoperahouse.com/uploadedFiles/About_Us/Venues/Content_AboutUs_TechSpecsGrandOrgan.pdf
18. ↑ http://www.kimmelcenter.org/facilities/organ/
19. ↑ http://www.dobsonorgan.com/html/instruments/op76_philadelphia/op76_philadelphia2.html
20. ↑ http://www.utpac.org/venues/bates
21. ↑ Parkinson-Tucker, Janice (2005). Behind the Pipes: The Story of the Kotzschmar Organ. South Portland, Maine: Casco House Publishing. ISBN 0-9763041-1-2. 
22. ↑ Stoplist)
23. ↑ http://www.usma.edu/chaplain/events.htm.
24. ↑ Theatreorgans.com, The World's Largest Pipe Organs
25. ↑ http://www.eberhard-geier.de/beschreibpadomframe-en.htm
26. ↑ http://www.liverpoolcathedral.org.uk/about/the-organ.aspx
27. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2012-06-25. 
28. ↑ American Theatre Organ Society : Artists Directory - Walt Strony.
29. ↑ 1927 Wurlitzer organ, Opus 1571, at Place de la Musique, Sanfilippo Residence, Barrington, Illinois on Pipedreams.

External links

• International Organ Foundation online pipe organ database (9000+ organs in 60+ countries)
• Organ Historical Society Database (Over 48,000 instruments, more than 6500 stop lists, as of June 2011)
• The Top 20 - The World's Largest Pipe Organs
• www.bambooorgan.org