Western Pahari
| Himachali | |
|---|---|
| Western Paharii | |
| Geographic distribution | Himalayas of Nepal, India, and Pakistan |
| Linguistic classification | |
| ISO 639-2 / 5 | him |
| Glottolog | hima1250[2] |
The Western Pahari or Himachali languages are a range of languages and dialects spoken in the western parts of the Himalayan range, in northeastern Pakistan and the state of Himachal Pradesh, India.
Languages
Some Western Pahari languages, notably Dogri and Kangri, are tonal, like their close relative Panjabi but unlike most other Indic languages. Dogri has been an official language in India since 2003.
Although traditionally called Western Pahari, they are not as close to the other Pahari languages as they are to Panjabi. They are a dialect chain, and neighboring varieties may be mutually intelligible.
- Pothwari(Also referred to as Pahari-Pothwari or Poonchi in Poonch and Rajouri districts)
- Dogri
- Kangri
- Mandeali and various Chambealic varieties
- Jaunsari
- Kullu
- Harijan Kinnauri
- Hinduri
- Mahasu Pahari
- Sirmauri
Some Western Pahari languages have occasionally been regarded as dialects of either Urdu[3] or Punjabi.
Script
Before the independence of India, many dialects of Himachali languages in Himachal Pradesh used to be written in the Takri script. Since it fell into disuse after independence, many efforts have been made to revive the Takri script for Himachali language.[4]
See also
References
- ↑ Ernst Kausen, 2006. Die Klassifikation der indogermanischen Sprachen (Microsoft Word, 133 KB)
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Himachali". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Masica 1991, p. 13.
- ↑ "Ancient scripts of Indian Mountains fights for survival - Zee News". Retrieved 2017-01-09.
Bibliography
- Masica, Colin P. (1991). The Indo-Aryan languages. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-23420-7.
External links
- Map of Western Pahari languages from Grierson's early 20th-century Linguistic Survey of India
