China National Highways

China National Highways
CNH (Guodao) expressway marker
NTHS expressway in China
Highway names
CNH:	GXXX (red)
System links
Expressways NTHS Primary Auxiliary CNH Transport in China

The China National Highways (CNH/Guodao) (simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国国道; traditional Chinese: 中華人民共和國國道; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Guódào) are a series of trunk roads across mainland China. Although they are called "highways" (e.g., the Jingbao Highway), they are not necessarily freeways. However, like expressways, a toll is sometimes charged.

Regulation

Toll plaza on the combined G106/G316 in the center of the town of Futu, in Huangshi Municipality, Hubei

Although an accepted speed limit on China National Highways is 100 km/h, it is common to see cars pass other by in well in excess of 100 km/h. The lack of speed detection cameras on some routes, lack of a posted speed limit outside of localities and tremendous distances of road mileage, means that enforcing this speed limit is rather herculean. In addition there is a notable shortage of traffic police in mainland China.

Nationwide highways often begin with the letter G, followed by three numerals, e.g.: G107. It is said that the G stands for 国家 (guójiā), or national.^[1]

The numbering of the highways is as follows:

Five vertical and seven horizontal main routes were labelled in the former 000 series (the so-called "five downs and seven acrosses"), although these have been deprecated in favour of the "NTHS" (7918) system.
Highways in the 100 series (e.g. 102, 106) begin from Beijing - the capital city of the People's Republic of China - and spread out in all compass directions, except for China National Highway 112, which originates in Xuanhua as it is a ring around Beijing.
Highways in the 200 series stretch from north to south (e.g., from Hohhot in Inner Mongolia through to Beihai in Guangxi province);
Highways in the 300 series stretch from east to west (e.g., from Shanghai through to Ruili in Yunnan province);
Highways in the 500 series are connecting roads between other national highways.

In major cities, there is usually a gap in the road within the city.

Highway construction

Map of China National Highway Plan (2013-30)

Although most Guodao are good paved roads, some sections are still quite rough, such as this 20 km stretch of G209 north of Badong, Hubei (2009)

The building of highways is seen as key to accelerating infrastructure construction. In 2003, completed investment in highway construction was 350 billion yuan and 219 key highway projects progressed, focusing mainly on the five north-south and seven east-west national arterial highways as well as highways in western China and in rural areas. By the end of 2004, the total length of highways open to traffic reached 1.871 million km, including 34,300 km (21,300 mi) of expressways up to advanced modern transportation standard, ranking second in the world. The nation's highway density has now reached 19.5 km per 100 km².

With the completion in 2008 of the five north-south and the seven east-west national arterial highways, totaling 35,000 km (22,000 mi), Beijing and Shanghai were linked by major highways, chiefly expressways, to the capitals of all provinces and autonomous regions of China, creating highway connections between over 200 cities.

The aim of the National Expressway Network Plan approved in early 2005 is an expressway system connecting all capitals of provinces and autonomous regions with Beijing and with each other, linking major cities and important counties. The network will have a total length of about 85,000 km (53,000 mi), including seven originating in Beijing; the Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Taipei, Beijing-Hong Kong-Macau, Beijing-Kunming, Beijing-Lhasa, Beijing-Ürümqi, and Beijing-Harbin expressways. Half of the projects are already completed.

In 2013 the Ministry of Transport announced the "National Highway Network Planning (2013 - 2030)", which will bring the total number of highways to 119, with 81 connecting highways between them. The total mileage will be increased to 265,000 km (165,000 mi), with increased focus on the western and less developed regions.^[2]

List of all China National Highways

Typical kilometer marker: 1,284 km (798 mi) from Beijing on G106

Road sign using GZxx format on the old G025 (new G109) near Qinghai Lake

Highways listed in red were planned but never built, or have been abandoned or redesignated. Those listed in yellow are currently partially finished. Those listed in grey are under construction or still in planning.

Former 000 Series

Note: 000 Series China National Highways pointed to five specific vertical routes, as well as seven specific horizontal routes. Routes ending in "0" were north-south (vertical) routes; routes ending in "5" were east-west (horizontal) routes. The new system with two to four numbers that indicate the "NTHS" (7918) system is now in use instead of the 000 Series. For the expressways' new numbering system, see Expressways of China.

It seems that the old 0xx numbers are still signposted using the format GZxx, e.g. in the Qinghai province, there are signs at the G109 (old G025) showing the number GZ25.

Number	Name	English Name	Startpoint	Endpoint	Length	Notes
G010	010国道	China National Highway 010	Tongjiang	Sanya	5,700 km (3,500 mi)	Was the longest China National Highway overall. Now G1011 and part of G1, G15 and G98.
G015	015国道	China National Highway 015	Suifenhe	Manzhouli	2,540 km (1,580 mi)	Now G10.
G020	020国道	China National Highway 020	Beijing	Fuzhou	2,540 km (1,580 mi)	Now part of G3.
G025	025国道	China National Highway 025	Dandong	Lhasa	4,590 km (2,850 mi)	Now part of G1113, G1 and G6.
G030	030国道	China National Highway 030	Beijing	Zhuhai	2,310 km (1,440 mi)	Now part of G4 and G4W.
G035	035国道	China National Highway 035	Qingdao	Yinchuan	1,610 km (1,000 mi)	Now G20.
G040	040国道	China National Highway 040	Erenhot	Hekou	3,610 km (2,240 mi)	Now part of G55, G5 and G80, and all of G8011.
G045	045国道	China National Highway 045	Lianyungang	Khorgas	3,980 km (2,470 mi)	Now G30.
G050	050国道	China National Highway 050	Chongqing	Zhanjiang	1,430 km (890 mi)	Now part of G15 and G75.
G055	055国道	China National Highway 055	Shanghai	Chengdu	2,970 km (1,850 mi)	Now G42.
G065	065国道	China National Highway 065	Shanghai	Ruili	4,090 km (2,540 mi)	Now G60 and part of G56.
G075	075国道	China National Highway 075	Hengyang	Kunming	1,980 km (1,230 mi)	Now part of G72, G80 and G78.

100 Series

On the Jingshi Expressway (formerly designated G030, now G4) near Beijing.

Name	English Name	Startpoint	Endpoint	Final Endpoint	Current Length	Notes
101国道	China National Highway 101	Beijing	Shenyang		909 km (565 mi)
102国道	China National Highway 102	Beijing	Harbin	Fuyuan	1,297 km (806 mi)
103国道	China National Highway 103	Beijing	Tianjin		162 km (101 mi)	The shortest China National Highway overall.
104国道	China National Highway 104	Beijing	Fuzhou	Pingtan	2,420 km (1,500 mi)
105国道	China National Highway 105	Beijing	Zhuhai	Macau	2,717 km (1,688 mi)
106国道	China National Highway 106	Beijing	Guangzhou		2,466 km (1,532 mi)
107国道	China National Highway 107	Beijing	Shenzhen	Hong Kong	2,662 km (1,654 mi)
108国道	China National Highway 108	Beijing	Kunming		3,356 km (2,085 mi)
109国道	China National Highway 109	Beijing	Lhasa		3,901 km (2,424 mi)	The longest China National Highway from Beijing. Includes the Qinghai-Tibet Highway.
110国道	China National Highway 110	Beijing	Yinchuan	Qingtongxia	1,357 km (843 mi)
111国道	China National Highway 111	Beijing	Jiagedaqi	Mohe	2,123 km (1,319 mi)
112国道	China National Highway 112	Xuanhua	N/A		1,228 km (763 mi)	Ring road around Beijing.

200 Series

Name	English Name	Startpoint	Final Startpoint	Endpoint	Final Endpoint	Current Length	Notes
201国道	China National Highway 201	Hegang		Dalian		1,964 km (1,220 mi)
202国道	China National Highway 202	Heihe		Dalian		1,818 km (1,130 mi)
203国道	China National Highway 203	Mingshui	Suihua	Shenyang		720 km (450 mi)
204国道	China National Highway 204	Yantai		Shanghai		1,031 km (641 mi)
205国道	China National Highway 205	Qinhuangdao	Shanhai Pass	Shenzhen		3,160 km (1,960 mi)
206国道	China National Highway 206	Yantai	Weihai	Shantou		2,375 km (1,476 mi)
207国道	China National Highway 207	Xilinhot	Ulanhot	Hai'an		3,738 km (2,323 mi)	The longest north-south China National Highway.
208国道	China National Highway 208	Erenhot		Changzhi	Xichuan	990 km (620 mi)
209国道	China National Highway 209	Hohhot	Sonid Left Banner	Beihai		3,435 km (2,134 mi)
210国道	China National Highway 210	Baotou	Mandula	Nanning	Fangchenggang	3,097 km (1,924 mi)
211国道	China National Highway 211	Yinchuan		Xi'an	Rongjiang	691 km (429 mi)
212国道	China National Highway 212	Lanzhou		Chongqing	Longbon	1,302 km (809 mi)
213国道	China National Highway 213	Lanzhou	Ceke	Mohan		2,977 km (1,850 mi)
214国道	China National Highway 214	Xining		Jinghong	Lancang	3,296 km (2,048 mi)
215国道	China National Highway 215	Hongliuyuan	Mazongshan	Golmud	Ning'er	641 km (398 mi)
216国道	China National Highway 216	Altay	Hongshanzui	Baluntai	Gyirong	857 km (533 mi)
217国道	China National Highway 217	Altay		Karakax	Tashkurgan	1,753 km (1,089 mi)
218国道	China National Highway 218	Yining	Khorgas	Ruoqiang		1,067 km (663 mi)
219国道	China National Highway 219	Yecheng	Kanas Lake	Lhatse	Dongxing	2,342 km (1,455 mi)	Will become the longest China National Highway overall.
220国道	China National Highway 220	Binzhou	Dongying	Zhengzhou	Shenzhen	585 km (364 mi)
221国道	China National Highway 221	Tongjiang		Harbin		668 km (415 mi)
222国道	China National Highway 222	Yichun	Jiayin	Harbin	Linjiang	363 km (226 mi)
223国道	China National Highway 223	Haikou		Eastern Sanya		323 km (201 mi)
224国道	China National Highway 224	Haikou		Central Sanya		309 km (192 mi)	The shortest north-south China National Highway.
225国道	China National Highway 225	Haikou		Western Sanya		429 km (267 mi)
226国道	China National Highway 226	Chuxiong		Mojiang		288 km (179 mi)	Planned but cancelled. Eventually built as Yunnan S218.
227国道	China National Highway 227	Zhangye		Xining	Menglian	347 km (216 mi)
228国道	China National Highway 228	Taipei		N/A		956 km (594 mi)	Hypothetical ring road around Taiwan. Never built due to the political status of Taiwan. Designation abandoned in 2013.
228国道	China National Highway 228	Dandong		Dongxing
229国道	China National Highway 229	Raohe		Gaizhou
230国道	China National Highway 230	Tonghua		Wuhan
231国道	China National Highway 231	Nenjiang		Shuangliao
232国道	China National Highway 232	Yakeshi		Siping
233国道	China National Highway 233	Heshigten		Huangshan
234国道	China National Highway 234	Xinglong		Yangjiang
235国道	China National Highway 235	Xinyi		Haifeng
236国道	China National Highway 236	Wuhu		Shanwei
237国道	China National Highway 237	Jining		Ningde
238国道	China National Highway 238	Nanchang		Hualai
239国道	China National Highway 239	Xulun Hoh		Yangquan
240国道	China National Highway 240	Baoding		Taishan
241国道	China National Highway 241	Hohhot		Beihai
242国道	China National Highway 242	Ganqimaodu		Qinzhou
243国道	China National Highway 243	Kai		Pingxiang
244国道	China National Highway 244	Wuhai		Chongqing
245国道	China National Highway 245	Bazhong		Jinping
246国道	China National Highway 246	Suining		Malipo
247国道	China National Highway 247	Jingtai		Zhaotong
248国道	China National Highway 248	Lanzhou		Maguan

300 Series

Name	English Name	Startpoint	Final Startpoint	Endpoint	Final Endpoint	Current Length	Notes
301国道	China National Highway 301	Suifenhe		Manzhouli		1,680 km (1,040 mi)
302国道	China National Highway 302	Hunchun		Ulanhot	Arxan	1,028 km (639 mi)
303国道	China National Highway 303	Ji'an		Xilinhot	Abag	1,263 km (785 mi)
304国道	China National Highway 304	Dandong		Holingol		889 km (552 mi)
305国道	China National Highway 305	Zhuanghe		Bairin Left Banner	West Ujimqin Banner	815 km (506 mi)
306国道	China National Highway 306	Suizhong		Heshigten	Zhu'engadabuqi	497 km (309 mi)
307国道	China National Highway 307	Huanghua		Yinchuan	Shandan	1,351 km (839 mi)
308国道	China National Highway 308	Qingdao	Weihai	Shijiazhuang		637 km (396 mi)
309国道	China National Highway 309	Rongcheng		Lanzhou		2,208 km (1,372 mi)
310国道	China National Highway 310	Lianyungang		Tianshui	Gonghe	1,613 km (1,002 mi)
311国道	China National Highway 311	Xuzhou	Lianyungang	Xixia	Luanchuan	748 km (465 mi)
312国道	China National Highway 312	Shanghai		Khorgas		4,967 km (3,086 mi)
313国道	China National Highway 313	Guazhou		Ruoqiang		821 km (510 mi)	Now part of Gansu S314, G215 and Gansu S313, as well as partially abandoned.
314国道	China National Highway 314	Ürümqi		Khunjerab Pass		1,948 km (1,210 mi)	Includes the Chinese part of the Karakoram Highway.
315国道	China National Highway 315	Xining		Kashgar	Turugart	3,063 km (1,903 mi)
316国道	China National Highway 316	Fuzhou	Changle	Lanzhou	Tongren	2,915 km (1,811 mi)
317国道	China National Highway 317	Chengdu		Nagqu	Gar	2,043 km (1,269 mi)
318国道	China National Highway 318	Shanghai		Zhangmu		5,476 km (3,403 mi)	The longest China National Highway overall.
319国道	China National Highway 319	Xiamen	Kaohsiung	Chengdu		2,984 km (1,854 mi)
320国道	China National Highway 320	Shanghai		Ruili		3,695 km (2,296 mi)
321国道	China National Highway 321	Guangzhou		Chengdu		2,220 km (1,380 mi)
322国道	China National Highway 322	Hengyang	Rui'an	Friendship Pass		1,039 km (646 mi)
323国道	China National Highway 323	Ruijin		Lincang		2,915 km (1,811 mi)
324国道	China National Highway 324	Fuzhou		Kunming		2,712 km (1,685 mi)
325国道	China National Highway 325	Guangzhou		Nanning		868 km (539 mi)
326国道	China National Highway 326	Xiushan		Hekou		1,562 km (971 mi)
327国道	China National Highway 327	Lianyungang		Heze	Guyuan	424 km (263 mi)
328国道	China National Highway 328	Hai'an	Qidong	Nanjing	Laohekou	224 km (139 mi)	The shortest east-west China National Highway.
329国道	China National Highway 329	Zhoushan		Hangzhou	Lushan	292 km (181 mi)
330国道	China National Highway 330	Wenzhou		Shouchang	Hefei	327 km (203 mi)
331国道	China National Highway 331	Dandong		Altay
332国道	China National Highway 332	Luobei		Ebuduge
333国道	China National Highway 333	Sanhe		Morin Dawa
334国道	China National Highway 334	Longjing		East Ujimqin Banner
335国道	China National Highway 335	Chengde		Tacheng
336国道	China National Highway 336	Tianjin		Shenmu
337国道	China National Highway 337	Huanghua		Yulin
338国道	China National Highway 338	Haixing		Tianjun
339国道	China National Highway 339	Binzhou		Yulin
340国道	China National Highway 340	Dongying		Zichang
341国道	China National Highway 341	Jiaonan		Haiyan
342国道	China National Highway 342	Rizhao		Feng
343国道	China National Highway 343	Dafeng		Lushi
344国道	China National Highway 344	Dongtai		Lingwu
345国道	China National Highway 345	Qidong		Nagqu
346国道	China National Highway 346	Shanghai		Ankang
347国道	China National Highway 347	Nanjing		Delingha
348国道	China National Highway 348	Wuhan		Dali
349国道	China National Highway 349	Donghua		Saga
350国道	China National Highway 350	Lichuan		Luhuo
351国道	China National Highway 351	Taizhou		Xiaojin
352国道	China National Highway 352	Zhangjiajie		Qiaojia
353国道	China National Highway 353	Ningde		Fugong
354国道	China National Highway 354	Nanchang		Xingyi
355国道	China National Highway 355	Fuzhou		Bama
356国道	China National Highway 356	Meizhou		Xichang
357国道	China National Highway 357	Dongshan		Lushui
358国道	China National Highway 358	Shishi		Shuikou
359国道	China National Highway 359	Foshan		Funing
360国道	China National Highway 360	Wenchang		Lingao
361国道	China National Highway 361	Lingshui		Changjiang

500 Series

Name	English Name	Startpoint	Endpoint
501国道	China National Highway 501	Jixian	Dangbizhen
502国道	China National Highway 502	Kedong	Qiqihar
503国道	China National Highway 503	Wuchang	Tongyu
504国道	China National Highway 504	Fusong	Gongzhuling
505国道	China National Highway 505	Kaiyuan	Naiman
506国道	China National Highway 506	Ji'an	Benxi
507国道	China National Highway 507	Changhai	Changxing Island
508国道	China National Highway 508	Chifeng	Caofeidian
509国道	China National Highway 509	Jingtang	Tongzhou
510国道	China National Highway 510	Weichang	Chahar Right Back Banner
511国道	China National Highway 511	Sonid Right Banner	Zhangbei
512国道	China National Highway 512	Wanquan	Dalad
513国道	China National Highway 513	Linyi	Dezhou
514国道	China National Highway 514	Qihe	Handan
515国道	China National Highway 515	Dingzhou	Xun
516国道	China National Highway 516	Zhanhua	Qingzhou
517国道	China National Highway 517	Changdao	Laixi
518国道	China National Highway 518	Rizhao	Dingtao
519国道	China National Highway 519	Yushe	Lucheng
520国道	China National Highway 520	Linfen	Yan'an
521国道	China National Highway 521	Yuncheng	Tongguan
522国道	China National Highway 522	Yuanqu	Tongguan
523国道	China National Highway 523	Taizhou	Danyang
524国道	China National Highway 524	Changshu	Haining
525国道	China National Highway 525	Pinghu	Hangzhou
526国道	China National Highway 526	Shengsi Connecting Road
527国道	China National Highway 527	Xiangshan	Yiwu
528国道	China National Highway 528	Longyou	Guangchang
529国道	China National Highway 529	Jinzhai	Yuexi
530国道	China National Highway 530	Huangshan	Hukou
531国道	China National Highway 531	Duchang Connecting Road
532国道	China National Highway 532	Jiujiang	De'an
533国道	China National Highway 533	Zhangshu	Fenyi
534国道	China National Highway 534	Fuqing	Changting
535国道	China National Highway 535	Dingnan	Yizhang
536国道	China National Highway 536	Taojiang	Xupu
537国道	China National Highway 537	Ningyuan	Lianzhou
538国道	China National Highway 538	Jiangyong	Zhongshan
539国道	China National Highway 539	Jiedong	Nan'ao
540国道	China National Highway 540	Mao Yang	Jiusuo
541国道	China National Highway 541	Shiquan	Wuxi
542国道	China National Highway 542	Guangyuan	Wanzhou
543国道	China National Highway 543	Qingchuan	Pingwu
544国道	China National Highway 544	Jiuzhaigou	Chuanzhusi
545国道	China National Highway 545	Mao	Deyang
546国道	China National Highway 546	Naxi	Xishui
547国道	China National Highway 547	Yibin	Xingwen
548国道	China National Highway 548	Banma	Sêrtar
549国道	China National Highway 549	Shimian	Dêrong
550国道	China National Highway 550	Yuexi	Mianning
551国道	China National Highway 551	Zhenyuan	Fuquan
552国道	China National Highway 552	Libo	Anlong
553国道	China National Highway 553	Mengzi	Yuanjiang
554国道	China National Highway 554	Yongsheng	Xiangyun
555国道	China National Highway 555	Shidian Connecting Road
556国道	China National Highway 556	Zhen'an	Ruili
557国道	China National Highway 557	Gonjo Connecting Road
558国道	China National Highway 558	Biru	Banbar
559国道	China National Highway 559	Zayü	Mêdog
560国道	China National Highway 560	Mainling	Cona
561国道	China National Highway 561	Damxung	Lhasa
562国道	China National Highway 562	Baingoin	Yadong
563国道	China National Highway 563	Sa'gya Connecting Road
564国道	China National Highway 564	Burang Connecting Road
565国道	China National Highway 565	Zanda Connecting Road
566国道	China National Highway 566	Xiji	Tianshui
567国道	China National Highway 567	Li	Kang
568国道	China National Highway 568	Lanzhou	Luqu
569国道	China National Highway 569	Mandela Sumu	Datong
570国道	China National Highway 570	Yongchang Connecting Road
571国道	China National Highway 571	Subei Connecting Road
572国道	China National Highway 572	Guinan	Ulan
573国道	China National Highway 573	Zêkog	Xinghai
574国道	China National Highway 574	Chindu Connecting Road
575国道	China National Highway 575	Laoyemiao	Hami
576国道	China National Highway 576	Beitun	Shihezi
577国道	China National Highway 577	Jinghe	Zhaosu
578国道	China National Highway 578	Xinyuan	Nilka
579国道	China National Highway 579	Baicheng Connecting Road
580国道	China National Highway 580	Aksu	Kangxiwa
581国道	China National Highway 581	Kashgar	Erkeshtam

References

↑ China's Highroad to Highway Success
↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-12-02. Retrieved 2015-04-29.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to National highways in China.

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China National Highways (CNH)
Radial	101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112
North-south	201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 ~~226~~ 227 ~~228~~
East-west	301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 ~~313~~ 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330
Extended plan in 2013 under construction/renovation	228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581
Major Routes (Abolished and absorbed into NTHS)	010 G10₁₁ G1(Shenyang-Harbin Section) G15 G98(Haikou-Sanya Section) 020 G3 030 G4(Beijing-Zhuhai Section) 040 G55(Erenhot-Taiyuan Section) G5 G80(Kunming-Kaiyuan Section) G80₁₁ 050 G75 015 G10 025 G11₁₃ G1(Beijing-Shenyang Section) G6 035 G20 045 G30 055 G42 065 G60 G56(Hangzhou-Ruili Section) 075 G72(Hengyang-Nanjing Section) G80(Nanning-Baise Section) G78(Baise-Kunming Section)
Note	_{China National Highway 112 runs around Beijing Before 2013, Mainland China observed National Highway 228 as Taiwan Ring, composed of several National Expressway (Republic of China) and Taiwan provincial highways, this designation is not recognized by Republic of China (Taiwan). This observation was eventually dropped in new National Highway plans, replaced by Dandong-Dongxing Highway. A extension plan of the highway system was announced in 2013, including extension of existing highways(101-112, 201-227, 301-330) and new highways (North-South 228-248, East-West 331-361, Connections 501-581). Only small portions of them needs to be constructed from scratch; most of the new highways would be upgraded provincial/county highways.}