High-altitude flatus expulsion

High-altitude flatus expulsion (HAFE) is a gastrointestinal syndrome which involves the spontaneous passage of increased quantities of rectal gases at high altitudes.[1] First described by Joseph Hamel in c. 1820[2] and occasionally described afterward,[3] a landmark study of this phenomenon was published in 1981 by Paul Auerbach and York Miller.[1]

The phenomenon is based on the differential in atmospheric pressure, directly correlated with the observer's frequency of and level of experience in high-altitude metabolism. As the external pressure decreases, the difference in pressure between the gas within the body and the atmosphere outside is higher, and the urge to expel gas to relieve the pressure is greater. Consistent with Boyle's law, controlling for dietary variance, the amount of gas produced is constant in mass, but the volume increases as the external pressure decreases.

The feeling of fullness or need to expel brought on by this differential in atmospheric pressure has been verified by studies involving military pilots subjected to pressure changes simulating flight.[4]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Auerbach Paul, Miller YE (February 1981). "High Altitude Flatus Expulsion (HAFE)". West. J. Med. 134 (2): 173–174. PMC 1272559 Freely accessible. PMID 18748805.
  2. ↑ Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. - High Altitude Medicine & Biology - 2(4):551
  3. ↑ E.Y. Davis, FRCP(Ret), "Hafe In Nepal" West J Med. 1981 April; 134(4): 366, identifying "Flatulence Accompanying Rigorous Trekking," Kathmandu Medical Bulletin, 1972.
  4. ↑ Greenwald AJ, Allen TH, Bancroft RW (February 1969). "Abdominal gas volume at altitude and at ground level". J Appl Physiol. 26 (2): 177–81. PMID 5765206. Retrieved 2009-03-05.


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