Heptose

A heptose is a monosaccharide with seven carbon atoms.

They have either an aldehyde functional group in position 1 (aldoheptoses) or a ketone functional group in position 2 (ketoheptoses).

Examples

There are few examples of C-7 sugars in nature, among which are:

Sedoheptulose or D-altro-heptulose (a ketose), an early intermediate in lipid A biosynthesis
Mannoheptulose, found in avocados
L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (an aldose), a late intermediate in lipid A biosynthesis.

Ketoheptoses have 4 chiral centers, whereas aldoheptoses have 5.

General

Geometry

Dioses	Aldodiose Glycolaldehyde
Trioses	Aldotriose Glyceraldehyde Ketotriose Dihydroxyacetone
Tetroses	Aldotetroses Erythrose Threose Ketotetrose Erythrulose
Pentoses	Aldopentoses Arabinose Lyxose Ribose Xylose Ketopentoses Ribulose Xylulose Deoxy sugars Deoxyribose
Hexoses	Aldohexoses Allose Altrose Galactose Glucose Gulose Idose Mannose Talose Ketohexoses Fructose Psicose Sorbose Tagatose Deoxy sugars Fucose Fuculose Rhamnose
Heptoses	Ketoheptoses Mannoheptulose Sedoheptulose
Above 7	Octoses Nonoses Neuraminic acid

Multiple

Disaccharides	Cellobiose Isomaltose Lactose Lactulose Maltose Sucrose Trehalose Turanose
Trisaccharides	Maltotriose Melezitose Raffinose
Tetrasaccharides	Stachyose
Other oligosaccharides	Acarbose Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) Galactooligosaccharide (GOS) Isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) Maltodextrin Mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS)
Polysaccharides	Beta-glucan Oat beta-glucan Lentinan Sizofiran Zymosan Cellulose Chitin Chitosan Dextrin / Dextran Fructose / Fructan Inulin Galactose / Galactan Glucose / Glucan Glycogen Hemicellulose Levan beta 2→6 Lignin Mannan Pectin Starch Amylopectin Amylose Xanthan gum

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