Hazaribagh

Hazaribagh
हज़ारीबाग़
city

Hazaribagh
Hazaribagh

Location in Jharkhand, India

Coordinates: 23°59′N 85°21′E / 23.98°N 85.35°E / 23.98; 85.35Coordinates: 23°59′N 85°21′E / 23.98°N 85.35°E / 23.98; 85.35
Country  India
State Jharkhand
District Hazaribagh
Elevation 610 m (2,000 ft)
Population (2011)
 • Total 186,139
Languages
 • Official Hindi, Urdu, Santali, Ho
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN 825301
Vehicle registration JH-02
Website hazaribag.nic.in

Hazaribagh is a city and a municipality in Hazaribagh district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is the divisional headquarters of North Chotanagpur division. It is famous as a health resort and for Hazaribagh National Park (17 km from city). It is represented in the Indian Lok Sabha by its Member of Parliament Jayant Sinha.[1]

Etymology

The word 'Hazaribagh' is made of two Persian words: Hazar meaning 'one thousand' and bagh meaning 'garden'. Hence the meaning of Hazaribagh is 'city of a thousand gardens'. According to Sir John Houlton, however, the town takes its name from the small villages of Okni and Hazari – shown on old maps as Ocunhazry. The last syllable in its name probably originated from a mango grove which formed a camping ground for troops and travelers marching along a military road from Kolkata to Varanasi, constructed in 1782 and the following years. The Grand Trunk Road subsequently replaced this military road in the mid-9th century, but the layout differed at places, particularly around Hazaribagh. A dilapidated watch tower meant to guard the military road is still visible on Tower Hill, near Silwar.[2]

Geography

Konar River, a tributary of Damodar River, flows past the town. Hazaribagh has been a thick forest earlier and is still surrounded by forests.

Travelling times

Air

The nearest airport is Birsa Munda Airport Ranchi, the capital of Jharkhand, (91 km). Ranchi is connected with New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Patna and Lucknow by regular service of many airlines.

Rail

A new 80 km long railway line has been constructed from Koderma to Hazaribagh and became operational in February 2015. Two trains run between Koderma and Hazaribagh Town railway station (not to be confused with Hazaribagh Road railway station).The railway line from Hazaribagh to Barkakana Junction has been completed and the trains are running from Hazaribagh to Barkakana. The city was connected to Koderma and Barkakana, after some months it was connected to Ranchi. Hazaribagh is situated on NH 33 and the road distances to major cities are: Ranchi 91 km, Dhanbad 128 km (via GT road), Bokaro 116 km (via Ramgarh), Gaya 130 km, Patna 235 km, Daltonganj 198 km, and Kolkata (via Asansol-Govindapur-Barhi) 434 km. Regular bus service connects Hazaribagh to all these places.

History

In ancient times the district was covered with inaccessible forests inhabited by tribes who remained independent. The entire territory of Chhotanagpur, known as Jharkhand (meaning forest territory) was presumably beyond the pale of outside influence in ancient India. Throughout the Turko-Afghan period (up to 1526), the area remained virtually free from external influence. It was only with the accession of Akbar to the throne of Delhi in 1557 that Muslim influence penetrated Jharkhand, then known to the Mughals as Kokrah. In 1585, Akbar sent a force under the command of Shahbaj Khan to reduce the Raja of Chotanagpur to the position of a tributary. After the death of Akbar in 1605, the area presumably regained its independence. This necessitated an expedition in 1616 by Ibrahim Khan Fateh Jang, the Governor of Bihar and brother of Queen Noorjehan. Ibrahim Khan defeated and captured Durjan Sal, the 46th Raja of Chotanagpur. He was imprisoned for 12 years but was later released and reinstated on the throne after he had shown his ability in distinguishing a real diamond from a fake one.

In 1632, Chotanagpur was given as Jagir (endowment) to the Governor at Patna for an annual payment of Rs.136,000. This was raised to Rs.161,000 in 1636. During the reign of Muhammad Shah (1719–1748), Sarballand Khan, the Governor of then Bihar, marched against the Raja of Chotanagpur and obtained his submission. Another expedition was led by Fakhruddoula, the Governor of Bihar in 1731. He came to terms with the Raja of Chotanagpur. In 1735 Alivardi Khan had some difficulty in enforcing the payment of the annual tribute of Rs.12,000 from the Raja of Ramgarh, as agreed to by the latter according to the terms settled with Fakhruddoula.

This situation continued until the occupation of the country by the British. During the Muslim period, the main estates in the district were Ramgarh, Kunda, Chai and Kharagdiha. Subsequent to the Kol uprising in 1831 that, however, did not seriously affect Hazaribagh, the administrative structure of the territory was changed. The parganas of Ramgarh, Kharagdiha, Kendi and Kunda became parts of the South-West Frontier Agency and were formed into a division named Hazaribagh as the administrative headquarters.

In 1854 the designation of South-West Frontier Agency was changed to Chota Nagpur Division, composed of five districts - Hazaribagh, Ranchi, Palamau, Manbhum, and Singhbhum. The division was administered as a Non-regulation province under a Commissioner reporting to the Lieutenant Governor of Bengal.[3] In 1855-56 there was the great uprising of the Santhals against the British but was brutally suppressed.

During British rule, one had to go by train to Giridih and then travel in a vehicle called push-push to Hazaribagh. It was pushed and pulled by human force over hilly tracts. It was an exciting journey across rivers and through dense forests infested with bandits and wild animals. Rabindranath Tagore travelled in a push-push along the route in 1885. He recorded the experience in an essay, "Chotanagpur families". When the Grand Chord railway line was opened in 1906, Hazaribagh Road railway station became the link with the town. For many years, Lal Motor Company operated the rail-cum-bus service between Hazaribagh town and Hazaribagh Road railway station.

In 1912, a new province of Bihar and Orissa was split from Bengal Province. In 1936, the province was split into separate provinces of Bihar and Orissa, with the Chota Nagpur Division part of Bihar. Bihar's boundaries remained mostly unchanged after Indian Independence in 1947.

After the 1991 census, the district of Hazaribagh was divided into three separate districts, Hazaribagh, Chatra and Koderma. The two sub-divisions Chatra and Koderma were upgraded to the status of independent districts.

In 2000, Jharkhand was separated from Bihar to become India's 28th state.

Hazaribagh town

The town became a cantonment in 1790, the Ramgarh battalion having been raised ten years earlier. It was then part of Ramgarh district. It became a district headquarters in 1834. Hazaribagh was constituted as a municipality in 1869. The military cantonment, south-east of the town, flourished until 1874, when, after an outbreak of enteric fever in 1874, the troops were mostly withdrawn, except for a small detachment to mind the penitentiary. This resulted in a planned old city. This part of the town is known as Boddam Bazar, after the officer who laid it out. Many Englishmen settled in Hazaribagh during the British period. They built large bungalow-type houses, often with sloping roofs. Many of them were great hunters and hunting stories abounded in the town by word of mouth. Most of them left after India became independent. Tutu Imam topped the list of hunting legends in the town along with Prof. Rajendra Pandey. A century ago it was common for tigers and leopards to prey upon livestock in the outskirts of the town.

The town had a population of 15,799 in the 1901 census. It was described in as "little more than a cluster of hamlets, with intervening cultivation, which sprang up around the former military bazar."[4]

Hazaribagh Central Jail housed many leaders of the Indian freedom movement, including Dr. Rajendra Prasad, later the first President of India. The popular leader Jayaprakash Narayan was put under arrest in this jail during the Quit India Movement of 1942. His escape from this high-security prison (with the help of 53 dhotis (sheets) to cross the wall of the jail) and the support he received from the local people is one of the legends of the Indian Independence movement.

During the early years of World War II, an internment camp ("parole camp") for German civilians was established in the town. In June 1942 it housed 36 women, 5 men and 16 children, of whom 21 females with 13 children were transferred on 25 February 1942 from Diyatalawa. In autumn they were transferred to the family camps at Purandhar or Satara.[5]

Early Bengali settlers

A small but effective Bengali community settled at Hazaribagh in the 19th century when the area was in Bengal Presidency and the British administration was looking for people with English education. The small community contributed considerably towards the development of the place.

Rai Bahadur Jadunath MukhopadhyayaMukherjee), one of the early settlers, is much talked about. He was the first Government Pleader of Hazaribagh. He is always remembered for charity and for uplifting the poor. His house in Hazaribagh Town played host to many eminent persons including Sanjiv Chattopadhaya (of Palamau fame), Rabindranath Tagore and Subhas Chandra Bose. He established the Hazaribagh Brahmo Samaj, donating his own land through a trust he set up. He also helped set up the Durga Puja mandap, the Keshav Hall/Union Club and Library and the first girls' school in the town, donating his own land and admitting his daughter as its first student; the school is now named after him. Chanchala Niyogi made a significant contribution to keep the school going around 1895. Those were the days when people thought that by educating their daughters they were paving the way for their widowhood. Around 1920, the new school building was built with the initiative of Braja Kumar Niyogi with funds mainly from the estate of Raja of Ramgarh. Ray Bahadur Jadunath Mukherjee left behind a large family. Great scholars such as Mahesh Chandra Ghosh and Dhirendranath Choudhury made the town their home. The poet Kamini Roy lived in the town for some years. Manmathanath Dasgupta, a Brahmo missionary spent many years in Hazaribagh working amongst the downtrodden. Sarat Kumar Gupta contributed towards the development of the town in many ways. Doctors such as Mandindra Bhushan Banerjee (Panna Babu), Bikash Kumar Sen, Sambhu Nath Roy and Benoy Chandra Chatterjee were prominent personalities. The noted Bengali author and writer for many Hindi films like Sujata, Subodh Ghosh, was born and brought up in Hazaribagh. Many of his stories are set in the region.

Keshub Chunder Sen, the great Brahmo Leader, accompanied by Trailokyanath Sanyal, visited Hazaribagh in 1874 to recoup his health. He wrote many pieces during his short stay and participated in Bhadrotsav celebrations. After his death in 1884, a public hall on the Main Road was named Keshub Hall in his memory. Amongst the Brahmo missionaries who visited Hazaribagh regularly was Pramathalal Sen.

Rai Bahadur Kalipada Sarkar was a leading advocate. He was the chairman of Municipality, chairman of District Board, President of the Bar Association and also a member of the council. He was also the first Indian to be the chairman of Hazaribagh Municipality.

Another notable Bengali of the first half of the 20th century was Rai Bahadur Surendra Nath Roy, the noted government Pleader and a patron of the arts. Suren babu migrated from village Raghunathpur (Nadia,[6] Bengal), where he was a zamindar (জমিদার) and the title 'Rai Bahadur' was conferred on him by the British in 1902 to practice law in the Civil Court at Hazaribagh. For a time he was President of the Bar Association, and was the co-founder of Annada High School (Bengali School). He also acted as the custodian of the minor Kamakhya Narayan Singh, the erstwhile Raja of Ramgarh Ramgarh Raj.

Economy

Industry

Hazaribagh has the second highest coal reserve in Jharkhand (Dhanbad region has the first), and it is still largely intact. Recently there has been a spurt in the coal mining activities in the region by Central Coalfields Ltd., a subsidiary of Coal India Limited. Work is currently going on for the development of NTPC's 3000 MW. Reliance Power's 3600 MW Super Thermal Power Projects was also proposed but was later pulled out due to the failure of the negotiations between government and company on land distributions.

Education

The cool climate and the quiet environment of Hazaribagh attracted educationists to set up institutions in the town and now it has become an education hub of Jharkhand. The Dublin Mission has a big presence with educational institutions and a women's hospital. Activities of the mission were started at Hazaribagh in 1899, under the aegis of Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. St. Columba's College was one of the oldest in Bihar. A.F. Markham, attached to the college for many years, was a legend in his lifetime. He later became vice chancellor of Ranchi University. Other prominent persons associated with the college were Dr. S.C. Banwar, Dr. J.S. Shaw, Prof. R.S. Ambasta and Prof. Gautam Kumar Pandey, who served in various capacities including the principal. Hazaribagh now has Vinoba Bhave University within the city limits, named after Saint Vinoba Bhave. It is the second largest university of Jharkhand. St. Columba's College, Medical College of Dhanbad and many engineering and local colleges are affiliated to this university now. Jajnery Institute of Technology, Hazaribagh is one of the prominent colleges for Polytechnic, management and IT.

After independence, Roman Catholics established a girls' school, Mount Carmel school Hazaribagh, in 1949. It is known as one of the best schools in the city. Parallel to this Reverend Father John Moore, an Australian Jesuit missionary, set up St. Xavier's School in 1952. D.A.V Public School Hazaribagh, started in 1992 and run by D.A.V College Managing Committee (New Delhi), is another major educational center of the city. The school has made immense progress in the past 25 years and has a modern state of the art building located in the foothills of the famous Kanheri Hill. Principal Ashok Srivastava has been one of the pioneers in taking this school to this level. Mount Egmont School is one of the finest boarding schools in the area. National Public School, Hazaribagh, started in 1977, is a fast-growing school and is now affiliated to CBSE, it is managed by L.K.C. Memorial Education Society. Montfort School, Hazaribagh is also fast growing into a center of excellence. It is situated on Kanhari Hill Road. Mount Litera Zee School and Kidzee, Hazaribagh is also a fast growing school of the region. It is located at Katgarah Village, opposite the firing range. Meru Hazaribagh and its city office are situated near the Mission Hospital. It is a network of Zee learn.

Hazaribagh has the police training center for the whole of Jharkhand.The Border Security Force (BSF) also has a large presence. East India's largest training center is here in the forest with hilly terrain. The Central Reserved Police Force is also present in the town near the lake.

B.ed Colleges

General Colleges

Inter Colleges

Schools

Transport

Roadways

Hazaribagh is connected to capital city Ranchi by National highway and as well as many cities of Jharkhand.

There is a bus station at Hazaribagh where direct buses for major cities like Ranchi, Kolkata, Dhanbad, Patna and many cities are available every time.

Railways

Hazaribagh Railway station is a new railway station built in 2014 where many local trains and express used to stop here and this station is connected with Barkakana Junction railway station and Koderma Junction railway station.

Airways

Birsa Munda Airport is the nearest airport of Hazaribagh only 96 km.

Demographics

As per the 2011 Census of India, Hazaribagh Urban Agglomeration had a total population of 153,599, of which males were 80,095 and females 73,504.[7] Hazaribagh Urban Agglomeration is composed of Hazaribagh (Nagar Parishad) and Okni (Census Town).[8]

As per the 2011 Census of India, Hazaribagh Nagar Parishad had a total population of 142,489, of which 74,132 were males and 68,357 females. Scheduled Castes numbered 7,987 and Scheduled Tribes numbered 2,708.[9]

As of 2001 India census,[10] Hazaribagh had a population of 127,243. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Hazaribagh has an average literacy rate of 76%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 81%, and female literacy is 70%. In Hazaribagh, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.

The population of the town and the area is overwhelmingly Hindi-speaking. There is a sprinkling of the Santhali-speaking population mainly in the rural areas. There is a sizeable Muslim population. Bengalis, Marwaris and Punjabis form small minorities. Hazaribagh Was upgraded to a municipal corporation in June 2015 by adding the area and population of 19 adjoining villages.

Literacy

As per the 2011 census, the total number of literates in Hazaribagh UA was 122,881 (90.14 percent of the total population) out of whom 66,602 (93.82 percent of males) were males and 56,279 (86.14 percent of females) were females.[7]

As per the 2011 census, the total number of literates in Hazaribagh Nagar Parishad was 112,533, out of whom 60,840 were males and 51,693 were females.[9]

Politics

The Raja of Ramgarh had a big presence in the area, initially during the British period and then after independence when he set up the Janata Party which had a large following in the region for many years. His palace at Padma was a prominent spot on the road to Hazaribagh.

Krishna Ballabh Sahay (born in Khadhaiya, a village in Tandwa Block), the renowned freedom fighter and subsequently chief minister of Bihar, belonged to Hazaribagh. As revenue minister, he was instrumental in the abolition of zemindaries in Bihar. In 1952 that was the first such legislation in the country. The political rivalry between the Kamakhya Narayan Singh, the Raja of Ramgarh and K.B. Sahay was the talk of the town in the 1950s. Rameshwar Prasad, the son of Krishna Ballabh Sahay, was the MLC and his son Prashant Sahay was a popular lawyer of this town. He always helped poor people and was an animal lover.

In the elections for the first Lok Sabha held in 1951, Nageshwar Prasad Sinha of Congress won the Hazaribagh East seat and Baboo Ram Narayan Singh, an Independent candidate, won the Hazaribagh West seat. In 1957, Lalita Rajya Lakshmi, of the Ramgarh Raj family, won the seat. Basant Narayan Singh, the younger brother of Kamakhya Narayan Singh, won the seat four times, in 1962, 1967, 1977 and 1980. Damodar Pandey of Congress won it in 1984. Yadunath Pandey of BJP won it in 1989. Bhubneshwar Prasad Mehta of CPI won the seat in 1991 and in 2004. Mahabir Lal Viswakarma of BJP won the seat in 1996. Yashwant Sinha of BJP won the seat in 1998 and went on to become Finance Minister and later Foreign Minister in the NDA government. He also won the seat in 2009 Lok Sabha Elections. Bhubneshwar Prasad Mehta of Communist Party of India (CPI) won the seat in 2004 with the help of seat sharing of the UPA.

Jayant Sinha, a senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party and the son of former Foreign Minister Yashwant Sinha, won the Lok Sabha elections in 2014, defeating the closest rival Saurabh Narayan Singh of the Indian National Congress by a huge margin of 1,59,128 votes.

Hazaribagh Times is a local newspaper.

Tourist attractions

Notable residents

Nearby places

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 21, 2014. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
  2. ↑ Houlton, Sir John, Bihar, the Heart of India, Orient Longmans, 1949.
  3. ↑ "Chota Nagpur Division" in The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909, Clarendon Press, Oxford. Vol. 10, Page 328.
  4. ↑ "Hazaribagh Town" in The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909, Clarendon Press, Oxford. Vol. 13, Page 99.
  5. ↑ Auswärtiges Amt; 6. Merkblatt über die Lage der Deutschen in Britisch-Indien; die Internierungslager auf Ceylon und Jamaica; Berlin 1941; (Dez. 1942)
  6. ↑ Nadia
  7. 1 2 "Provisional population totals, Census of India 2011" (PDF). Urban Agglomeration – Cities having population 1 lakh and above. Government of India. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  8. ↑ "Provisional population totals, Census of India 2011" (PDF). Constituents of Urban Agglomerations haing population above 1 lakh and above, Census 2011. Government of India. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  9. 1 2 "2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables". Jharkhand – District-wise. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  10. ↑ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16. Retrieved 2008-11-01.

12. Justice Tapen Sen[1]

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  1. ↑ http://jharkhandhighcourt.nic.in/Tapen_Sen.html
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