Hatzohar

HaTzohar הצה"ר‎
Leader	Ze'ev Jabotinsky (1925–1940)
Founded	1925
Dissolved	1949
Merged into	Herut
Newspaper	Hazit HaAm HaYarden HaMashkif
Youth wing	Betar
Paramilitary	Betar
Membership (1934)	600,000
Ideology	Revisionist Zionism
Political position	Right wing
Colors	Blue
Most MKs	3 (1949)
Politics of Israel Political parties Elections

HaTzohar (Hebrew: הצה"ר‎, an acronym for HaTzionim HaRevizionistim (הציונים הרוויזיוניסטים‎), lit. The Revisionist Zionists), officially Brit HaTzionim HaRevizionistim (ברית הציונים הרוויזיוניסטים‎, lit. Union of Revisionist Zionists) was a Revisionist Zionist organization and political party in Mandatory Palestine and newly independent Israel.

Background

First World Conference Hatzohar, Paris 1925 - Photo courtesy of Philip L. Franckel, Esq.

HaTzohar was founded by Ze'ev Jabotinsky and others in Paris in April 1925.^[1][2][3] It followed the establishment of Jabotinsky's revisionist youth movement Betar in 1923. The initial nucleus of the movement consisted of a group of Russian Zionists who had supported Jabotinsky in establishing the Jewish Legion during World War I.

There were 22 founding members in the photo of the First World Conference in Paris 1925. The 13 known members were (in alphabetical order): Berchin-Benedictoff, Isidore Franckel, Meir Grossman, Dr. A Ginsbourg, Vladimir Jabotinski, Aron Propes, Dr. Jacques Segal, Albert Stara, Ze’ev (Vladimir) Tiomkin, Zinovi Tiomkin, Israel Trivus, and I Yevine.

The name of 'revisionist' stems from the demands by these Zionists for a revision of the Zionist Organization's policies and its leadership under Chaim Weizmann, as well as the elected Jewish leadership in Palestine.^[2] They saw these policies as appeasement of British Government decisions in Mandatory Palestine.

The party began publishing Hazit HaAm in 1931, but it was shut down by the British authorities after a few months. They went on to establish HaYarden, and in 1938 the daily HaMashkif.^[4] The party had briefly also been associated with Doar HaYom.

Polish members of the organisation were, among other things, instrumental in creating Żydowski Związek Wojskowy, one of two Jewish organisations that organised the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

At the time of Israel's independence in 1948, HaTzohar was the largest right-wing organization in the country, and had three seats in the Provisional State Council (held by Herzl Rosenblum, Zvi Segal and Ben-Zion Sternberg). However, the founding of Herut by Menachem Begin in the same year undermined its success. Although some purists alleged that Begin was out to steal Jabotinsky's mantle and refused to defect from the party, under the leadership of Aryeh Altman, HaTzohar won less than 1% of the vote in Israel's first elections and failed to cross the Knesset's electoral threshold. In contrast, Herut won 14 seats with 11.5% of the vote; Altman later joined Herut and was elected to the Knesset on its list in 1951, whilst Begin would carry Revisionist ideology of Likud to electoral victory in 1977.

The party was disbanded prior to the 1951 elections when it merged into Herut.

References