Harlem Line
Metro-North's Harlem Line, originally chartered as the New York & Harlem Railroad, is an 82-mile (132 km) commuter rail line running north from New York City into eastern Dutchess County. The lower 53 miles (86 km) from Grand Central Terminal to Southeast, in Putnam County, is electrified with a third rail and has two (or more) tracks; north of that point, trains use diesel locomotives on a single track. The diesel trains run as a shuttle on the northern end of the line except during rush hours, when they run as expresses to or from Grand Central. There is also one direct roundtrip to Grand Central on weekends. While the line has traditionally served to bring commuters from Westchester County to jobs in the city, in recent years it has begun to see more "reverse commuting", as Bronx residents use it to reach jobs in Southern Westchester where many stations are within walking distance of city centers. The northern reaches of the line are also close enough to Western Massachusetts to enable residents of part of that region to commute to jobs in the city as well.
With 38 stations, the Harlem Line has the most of any Metro-North main line. Its northern terminal, Wassaic, is the northernmost station in the system. It is the only Metro-North line used exclusively by that carrier (no use by Amtrak, though CSX services freight customers as far north as Mount Vernon) and the only one that uses the entirety of existing track. Metro-North has assigned it the color code blue, used as trim on station signs and spot color on printed timetables. The blue color-coding appears to have started with timetables issued by predecessor New York Central as far back as 1965.[1]
Line description
The Harlem Line hews closely to roads along river-based transportation corridors dating back to even pre-rail times. It follows three major parkways closely from the Bronx northwards through Westchester: the Bronx River Parkway (and a short portion that becomes the Taconic State Parkway), the Saw Mill River Parkway and Interstate 684. In the last section it also begins to run close to NY 22, the long north-south two-lane state highway that parallels the eastern border of the state.
In Westchester, it serves some of that county's most affluent communities as it slowly trends eastward.
Manhattan and the Bronx
The Harlem Line begins at Grand Central Terminal. The train tracks rise to ground level north of 97th Street in Manhattan. After stopping at Harlem–125th Street, the Harlem Line crosses the Harlem River at 135th Street in Manhattan, entering the Bronx.
In the Bronx, the Harlem Line cuts through the neighborhoods of the southwest Bronx, with two stations: Melrose, at 162nd Street (it then runs under the Cross Bronx Expressway (I-95) and Tremont, at 177th Street. Fordham station is next, at Fordham Road (190th Street). The Harlem Line then parallels the western edge of Fordham University until the Botanical Garden station at Bedford Park Boulevard (200th Street).
The Harlem Line then cuts northeast to join the Bronx River Parkway, which lies to the east of the tracks. The Williams Bridge station is next, at Gun Hill Road (210th Street). After the Williams Bridge station, Woodlawn Cemetery begins to the west of the tracks, with Webster Avenue in between the cemetery and tracks. The Woodlawn station is at 233rd Street.
The Harlem Line then goes under a bridge for the parkway, and it remains to the west of the tracks until Scarsdale station. The Wakefield station at 241st Street concludes the Bronx portion of the Harlem Line.
Westchester County
The Westchester portion of the Harlem Line begins at Bronx River Road in southeastern Yonkers. After the Mount Vernon West station, the Harlem Line runs along the on-ramp to the Cross County Parkway eastbound, right before Fleetwood station. After the Bronxville station, the Harlem Line parallels the Bronx River Parkway all the way up to White Plains.
From White Plains, the railroad winds its way through the city and passing through the yards at North White Plains which until 1984 was the northern boundary of third-rail electrification. The stretch north of North White Plains is unique because it is the only third-rail electrified stretch of Metro-North's network that has grade crossings, a byproduct of its existence pre-electrification. Katonah and Brewster are located right next to grade crossings.
After North White Plains, the next station is Valhalla adjacent to the Taconic State Parkway. The double-track railroad then curves to follow the Saw Mill River Valley and the eponymous parkway. Rail and road briefly separate at Mount Kisco, but then remain close by at the last stop along the Saw Mill, Bedford Hills (although the parkway cannot be seen from the station).
Past Katonah, the railroad runs between the Croton River and I-684. Golden's Bridge and Purdy's are both located very close to the interstate, although only the former can be seen from it. North of the latter, the tracks follow the river to Croton Falls, and pick up Route 22 for the first time.
Putnam County
After Croton Falls station, the Harlem Line runs along East Branch Reservoir and crosses into Putnam County and its rural landscape. Above Southeast station (formerly Brewster North), the railroad passes under Interstate 84 and through the yards at Putnam Junction. This is the northern boundary of third rail electrification. Diesel territory and single track operation begins here. The Wassaic Branch is not signalized, and manual block system rules are used to direct train movements.[2]:I-2 The track finally follows its own course, away from any road or river, past the abandoned Towners station up to Patterson and into Dutchess County.
Dutchess County
Shortly before reaching Pawling, the line enters the Harlem Valley from which it takes its name and begins to parallel Route 22, although not as closely as it did the roads further south. A few miles north of Pawling the Appalachian Trail crossing has its own stop to allow thru-hikers to take a break in the city and day hikers to visit the nearby Pawling Nature Preserve.
The next two stops, Harlem Valley–Wingdale and Dover Plains, are roughly eight miles (13 km) apart, the longest distance between any two stops on the Harlem Line. From 1972 to 2000, Dover Plains was the last stop on the line, but then tracks remaining from the NYCRR era that had not yet been torn up were renovated and the line was extended to Tenmile River and its new northern terminus, Wassaic. A small yard where diesel trains await their routes just past the station marks the end of the line.
History
Origin as a streetcar line
The Harlem Line in its current form originated from the New York and Harlem Railroad, which was the first streetcar company in the United States and in the world. It was franchised, on April 25, 1831, to run between the original city core in lower Manhattan to the suburb of Harlem, several miles to the north on Manhattan Island. The line was originally planned to run between 23rd Street and any point on the Harlem River between Eighth and Third Avenue.[3]:5–7 While the company wanted to run the line as a steam line, the portion of the line south of 14th Street was run by horse power, at the request of the city.[4][5]:3 On September 13, 1831, the Board of Directors of the railroad approved its route along Fourth Avenue from 23rd Street to the Harlem River. Ground broke on the construction of the line on February 23, 1832 at Murray Hill on Fourth Avenue. On April 6, 1832, the railroad's charter was amended to allow the line to be extended south to 14th Street.[3]:8-10
The first section, along Bowery from Prince Street north to 14th Street, opened on November 26, 1832.[3]:8 Service was then extended northward along Fourth Avenue to 32nd Street on June 10, 1833. Service was extended north along Fourth Avenue to Yorkville on May 9, 1834, including the Murray Hill Tunnel. Service was extended 2 miles (3.2 km) to finally reach Harlem on October 26, 1837, with the Yorkville Tunnel constructed to reach this point.[4] At the time, Harlem was just a small suburb of the city.[3]:13 Service was also extended further south. On May 4, 1839 the line was extended south along Bowery, Broome Street and Centre Street to City Hall at Centre Street and Park Row. Service was extended south on November 26, 1852 along Park Row to Astor House at Park Row and Broadway.[6]
On May 7, 1840, the New York State Legislature granted the railroad the right to extend into Westchester as the New York and Albany Railroad Company failed to build its line from the Harlem River to Albany. The necessary land for the extension was acquired due to the diplomatic skills of Gouverneur Morris of Morrisania, who was able to convince landowners that their prejudices against the railroad were unjust. The New York and Albany Railroad had been granted its charter on April 17, 1832, allowing it to build a single or double-track line from Albany to New York along the Harlem River. Ground on this line was broken in various areas, and some portions were completed. The line was not being completed as quickly as its charter said it would, so the New York State Legislature granted it multiple extensions to allow for the work to be completed. The last time an extension was granted was on April 11, 1842. The New York and Harlem Railroad bought that company for $35,000 on March 9, 1846, as it had failed to make any progress on the construction of the line. The right-of-way and land for that line was sold as part of this transaction, on which, it built its line into Westchester, Putnam, Dutchess, and Columbia Counties.[3]:9-10
Service was extended into Westchester in multiple stages. The line was first extended north 4 miles (6.4 km) into Westchester on December 14, 1840, before reaching Fordham on March 1, 1841. Extended service reached Williams Bridge on September 3, 1842, and then in the summer of 1844, the line reached Tuckahoe. On December 1, 1844, the line's terminus became White Plains, but in October 1846, trains began ending their runs at Pleasantville.[3]:14 Service reached Mount Kisco and Croton Falls, in February 1847, and on June 1, 1847, respectively. On December 31, 1848, Harlem Railroad service was extended to Dover Plains, providing service to parts of Putnam County and Dutchess County.[2]:D-3 On May 10, 1852, the line was extended north to Chatham Four Corners in Dutchess County with a connection to the Boston and Albany Railroad, and trackage rights northwest to Albany. In the years following, the Harlem Railroad ran some of its trains over the Boston and Albany Railroad from Chatham to Albany.[3]:15, 17
A freight branch, 1.84 miles (2.96 km) long, was built to Port Morris, from the 1853 purchase of the Spuyten Duyvil and Port Morris Railroad.[7][8]
Prior to becoming part of the Metro-North system, the line continued all the way north to Chatham, New York, where connections could be made for Albany to the west or Boston to the east on the Boston and Albany Railroad. Additional connections could be made to railroads serving North Bennington, Vermont and other points in western Vermont. Chatham is about 52 miles past the current terminal at Wassaic. In Boston Corners, about 12 miles north of Wassaic, passengers could make connections to the Central New England Railroad. To the east, the CNE went to Hartford, Connecticut. Westward, passengers could travel to Poughkeepsie, cross the Poughkeepsie Bridge, finally to Campbell Hall.[9][10]
In 1871, the depot that the line used was changed from being at 26th Street and Fourth Avenue to Grand Central Depot at 42nd Street.[3]:27
Under the New York Central
On April 1, 1873, the New York and Harlem Railroad was leased for 401 years to the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Company. The line then became the Hudson Division of the New York Central. The lease did not include the portion of the line using horse cars. Horse cars were replaced with an underground trolley system in 1897 when it was leased to the Metropolitan Street Railway Company.[3]:25–26
In 1875, the line was grade-separated and put in an open cut and a viaduct between Grand Central and the Harlem River to reduce the loss of life and to increase speeds. The work was completed for $6,000,000, of which half was paid by the city.[11]
On May 15, 1876, partial rapid transit began on the Harlem Line, with sixteen trains a day running between Grand Central Depot and William's Bridge. These trains made all stops between Grand Central and William's Bridge, with the exception of Jerome Park, which was skipped by half of trains. This was in addition to eight regular trains per day that stopped at William's Bridge. Two new stations were opened at 86th Street and 110th Street, both being exclusively served by the rapid transit service.[12][13]
On February 15, 1897, trains on the Harlem Division started running over the new drawbridge over the Harlem River and the elevated structure connecting to it.[3]:25 As part of the project, the line north of 106th Street to the Harlem River was elevated so that it could reach the height of the new four-track drawbridge, the only one in the country at the time. The project was known as the Park Avenue Improvement. The new line went via a steel viaduct, replacing a masonry viaduct and an open cut. The 400 feet (120 m) bridge was built for about $500,000 by the King Bridge Company. The new bridge is 24 feet (7.3 m) higher than the old bridge, as mandated by the Federal Government. During the course of construction, trains ran over a temporary wooden structure along with a temporary wooden drawbridge. The station at Mott Haven on the Bronx side of the Harlem River had to be elevated. The entire cost was $2,000,000.[11][14]
On October 15, 1897, a spacious new station in Harlem was opened at 125th Street, replacing a small, dingy station in the old Park Avenue open cut. The new station was built atop the old open cut and directly under the new Park Avenue Viaduct. The platforms, which was built on the viaduct, was built to be 400 feet (120 m) long.[15]
In November 1907, the first electric train operated on the Harlem Division, running between Grand Central Terminal and Wakefield.[16] On October 10, 1909, the New York Central began installing third rail between Mount Vernon and White Plains.[17] On March 14, 1910, electric service was extended to North White Plains. Passengers that used the Upper Harlem Division were attracted to this cleaner, faster service.[18]:225 Property values along the line increased. Other improvements were made to the Harlem Division at the same time: grade crossings were being eliminated, tracks were being straightened, and new stations were built at White Plains and Mount Vernon.[19]
In 1910, a yard dating back to the 1870s in Dover Plains was relocated to Putnam Junction in Brewster.[2]:17-1
On October 18, 1930, the Public Service Commission listed the elimination of a grade crossing in Amenia, Benson crossing, as one of its projects to consider. The cost estimate for eliminating it was $100,000.[20]
On September 12, 1952, the New York Central's last steam-powered train run in the metropolitan area ran on the Harlem Division, being replaced by diesel locomotives, which could run on both electricity and diesel fuel, eliminating the need to change at North White Plains, saving a few minutes for a while.[21] However, they began wearing out in the 1970s, leading to a decline in service.[22]:47
On December 20, 1956, the state opened up bids for the elimination of grade-crossings in Pleasantville. Planned for 25 years, it was expected to cost $3,857,000. The crossings to be eliminated were at Manville and Bedford Roads. The tracks were lowered for 7,000 feet (2,100 m) and the two roads were bridged over the railroad. The station at Pleasantville was moved.[23]
On August 12, 1960, the New York Public Service Commission ordered the New York Central to continue the level of service to Chatham until it determined how much service was required. The Central had wanted to cut one train each way daily, leaving only one round trip.[24]
Starting on October 25, 1961, some trains became equipped with two-way radio communication on the Harlem Line to test the technology with the hope of adding them to all commuter trains on the New York Central. They were meant to be used when delays in service occurred.[25]
On January 10, 1964, the Public Service Commission approved plans by the New York Central to implement zoned fares in the southern part of the New York commutation area (north to North White Plains). The plan went into effect on January 22. Though it was meant to be experimental, and to last one year, this was kept in place.[26]
Decline under Penn Central
In May 1970, the Penn Central planned to discontinue service from Dover Plains to Chatham when Amtrak declined to take over that service. However, the Attorney General maintained that this service was within the commuter area, and therefore not subject to discontinuation. Without the objection, this service would have been eliminated on May 1, 1971 when the Amtrak passenger service went into effect. The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) held hearings on this in May 1971, and it ruled on June 28, 1971 that the service to Chatham was intercity–not commuter. On that same day, a bill that would have extended the power of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority to Chatham was vetoed by Governor Nelson Rockefeller. On July 31, 1971, Penn Central announced that it would discontinue all service to Chatham the following day. The railroad claimed that it lost $300,000 a year on the one round trip between Chatham and Grand Central.[27][28]
The Attorney General appealed the ICC's ruling, and this appeal was tried in March 1972, but failed, resulting in the discontinuation of service from Dover Plains to Chatham on March 20, 1972. Penn Central operated the last southbound passenger train between Chatham and Grand Central Terminal on March 20, 1972, ending service in the middle of the day. Train 935, which was scheduled to leave Grand Central at 4:25 PM and run to Chatham was cut back to Dover Plains. With no scheduled return trip to Chatham, passengers who had gone south in the morning were left stranded, with service going only as far north as Dover Plains (52 miles shy of Chatham).[29][28] Tracks were removed north of Millerton shortly thereafter. The cutback of service to Chatham was strongly opposed by the Harlem Valley Transportation Association (HVTA), which was led by Lettie Gay Carson.[2]:26-67
Prior to the discontinuation of service to Chatham, the quality of service on the line decreased. Trains that could once run the 127 miles (204 km) to Chatham in 2 hours 45 minutes now took 3 hours and 45 minutes. Service had been decreased from five trains a day to one train in each direction. As service was discontinued, a bill was put before the State Legislature that would have authorized the state to run trains to Chatham between New York and Montreal and from Albany toward Boston. The bill did not pass.[28]
Several other stations had their service discontinued in 1972, including: 138th Street, Morrisania, and 183rd Street stations in the South Bronx, and Holland Avenue station in White Plains, although that one was replaced.
The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) leased the line south of Dover Plains from Penn Central on June 1, 1972. On March 28, 1980, the last freight train ran between Dover Plains and Millerton, and the line was abandoned three days later after the line's largest shipper decided to switch to using trucks.[30][31]:211 All freight service ended in 1993.[2]:17-2 and 18-1 Tracks were removed from Wassaic to Millerton. In 1989, New York State purchased 21 miles (34 km) of the right-of-way between Wassaic and Copake Falls for the development of the Harlem Valley Rail Trail. The segment of the line that ran from Wassaic to Craryville, New York is now under control of the Harlem Valley Rail Trail Association, which currently has trails operating from Wassaic to the former Millerton station and between Under Mountain Road and Copake Falls, known as the Harlem Valley Rail Trail.[2]:10-1
Growth under Metro-North
Extension of electrification
In April 1971, a project to install high-level platforms at stations along the Harlem Line started. This was necessary as the new Metropolitan cars did not have any stairs to reach the low-level platforms. By having high-level platforms, dwell times could be cut in half. Most of the new platforms were built as island platforms. These cars started entering into service in September 1971.[32]:31 At the same, time reverse signaling was installed to allow trains to use either track in either direction, enabling both tracks to be used in one direction during the peak of the rush hour.[33]
The extension of electric service to Brewster has been discussed since the late 1920s. Numerous improvement studies were undertaken to evaluate the feasibility and benefits of extending electrification north from North White Plains. In 1976, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, undertook a study on the existing traction power system and it identified extending electric service to Brewster as a priority.[18]:225
On February 8, 1980, Metro-North announced its plan to extend electrification to Brewster.[30] Metro-North undertook a project to electrify the territory north of North White Plains to Brewster North (now known as Southeast) in 1984 for $30 million. For $45 million, high-level platforms were installed to reduce dwell times, and electric substations were built to supply the power needed for third-rail operation. The project was started out of dissatisfaction by riders on the line, and Governor Hugh Carey approved the project, owing to the advocacy of commuter organizations. Initially, the work was to be completed by the end of 1983, but due to a strike, its completion was delayed to 1984. Initially, service was provided with a mixture of new and old electric cars, but these were replaced by the new M3s. Work on the project was completed during off-peak hours to allow for service on the line to be maintained. Thirteen of the stations received new high-level center island platforms. Mount Pleasant station got side platforms, while the station at Thornwood was closed because of excessive curvature of the track, which would have resulted in a large gap between the train and the platform. The new stations received glass-enclosed overpasses and elevators.[34]
The first electric train ran on April 30, 1984, beginning at Brewster North. As additional new M3s were put into service that spring, electric service increased. On September 1, 1984, a new schedule was put out, and running times decreased by 18 minutes on peak hour trains.[18]:238 On September 10, 1984, super express service was inaugurated on the Harlem Line, with trains running non-stop between Katonah and Grand Central. The last diesel train left Brewster on November 2, 1984, marking the completion of the electrification project.[30]
With electrification completed, service north of Southeast is now operated as either diesel shuttle or through service. Although service to Wassaic is separately stated in the Harlem Line timetable and is publicly referred to as the "Wassaic Branch", it is operationally part of the main line.
As a result of the project, there was tremendous ridership growth.[34] Prior to this, the line was operated primarily in two zones: electric south of North White Plains, and diesel through-service or RDC shuttle service north.[31]:527 Between 1984 and 1994, the Brewster and Brewster North stations, the two northernmost stations in the electrified zone experienced 135% growth, and stations on the Dover Plains Branch experienced 440% growth.[2]:1-9
Upper Harlem improvements
The introduction of new coaches allowed for improvements in service on the Dover Plains Branch. The first peak through service since the 1970s was inaugurated in October 1991. At the same time, a Sunday night through train was added. The reduced travel times made the line more attractive to commuters. In 1994, Metro-North conducted a train movement analysis of service on the branch to determine whether trains would pass one another based on speeds and the condition of tracks. As a result, a new 1,000 feet (0.30 km) passing siding was constructed at Wingdale, increasing service flexibility and allowing for increased service in 1996. Also around this time, 447 additional parking spaces were added to stations on the Branch. In 1996, four car length high-level platforms with heated shelters were built at Patterson, Pawling, Harlem Valley–Wingdale and Dover Plains, replacing low-level platforms that could only accommodate two cars. These platforms were made to be compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. Travel times could be reduced further as it would take less time for passengers to exit and board the trains.[2]:1-6 to 1-7 , 26-12 and 26-28
A new station, Appalachian Trail, was built in 1991 for the cost of $10,000. Its creation was the suggestion of George Zoebelein, who was an avid hiker and a veteran of the NY/NJ Trail Conference as well as both the NY/NJ Appalachian Trail Conferences, and also served as a member of the Metro-North Railroad Commuter Council (MNRCC) of the Permanent Citizens Advisory Committee (PCAC) to the Metropolitan Transportation Authority. It is one of three limited service stops operated by Metro-North primarily for hikers – the other two being Breakneck Ridge and Manitou on the Hudson Line.[35]
On December 9, 1992, the Interstate Commerce Commission authorized Conrail to convey its freight rights on the Harlem Line north of North White Plains to the Danbury Terminal Railway Company (DTRC). In 1995, the ICC directed the DTRC to discontinue freight operations on the line, as it had not been used for freight service in several years.[2]:13-6
Restoration of service to Wassaic
On January 23, 1997, Metro-North acquired the property necessary for the extension of service on the Upper Harlem Division to Wassaic. In August 1997, the Final Environmental Impact Study for the Wassaic extension was completed, recommending that preferred option, the extension of service to Wassaic be completed.[2]:1-17 One of the rejected alternatives, was the restoration of service to Millerton and Mount Riga in Dutchess County. A layover yard would have also been built as part of this alternative. This alternative was rejected due to the presence of the Harlem Valley Rail Trail, and replacing it with rail service would have required an in-kind replacement of any taking of parkland. Since a majority of the line was not owned by Metro-North it was viewed as being cost-prohibitive.[2]:2-4, 2-9 and 2-13
On July 9, 2000,[36] Metro-North restored service between Dover Plains and Wassaic, a move the railroad billed as its first service expansion since it was created in 1983.[37][38] As part of the project, the trailhead of the Harlem Valley Rail Trail was moved from milepoint 81.6 to milepoint 82. 6,152 feet of right-of-way had to be acquired from the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historical Preservation. To make up for this loss, $490,800 was received by the Transportation Enhancement Program to design and construct an access pathway from Wassaic station to the new trailhead.[2]:23-3 and Appendix H-1 Wassaic was designed as and is a regional transportation hub for people living and going to Dutchess County in New York, Litchfield County in Connecticut and for Western Massachusetts. The station was built with a 250-space parking lot that, with expansion, could have 1000 parking spaces, and with a layover yard, and a light maintenance facility. One of the goals of the expansion was to provide additional parking capacity for the line. Prior to the opening of the yard at Wassaic, trains terminating at Dover Plains had to deadhead 23 miles to get to the yard at Southeast, reducing capacity on the line, while being very costly. A station was also opened at Tenmile River to serve the Taconic Developmental Disabilities Service Office. Under an alternative plan, this would have been the terminus of the line.[2]:1-14 and S-1 to S-3 In order to build ridership, the extension has received the same amount of service as has the line south of Dover Plains, with four AM and four PM rush hour trains with direct service to Grand Central.[39][40]
Mid-Harlem third track project
In August 2001, construction started on a project to built a 2.5 miles (4.0 km) third track between Mount Vernon West and Crestwood for $57 million in order to eliminate a bottleneck, and to allow for an increase in service.[41] The project was initiated as, during the late 1990s, ridership on the Harlem Line was growing, with an expected 31 million people using the line in 2020. Without the construction of an additional track, only one southbound peak-hour train could have been added without cutting local service, express service, or reverse peak service.[42] The project was completed in 2004. The Fleetwood and Crestwood stations were expanded through the adding of island platforms to allow for the third track to stop there. The right-of-way was wide enough to fit the third track, requiring no taking of property. The plan for the installation of a third track was first conceived in 1989, but it was faced with strong community opposition due to concerns over noise, vibrations, and as they had illegally built structures on Metro-North property which they did not want removed. Once opened, the third track resulted in improved service. Reverse-peak trains were able to run every 30 minutes instead of every 90 minutes, helping fuel a 30 percent increase in ridership along the line through Southern Westchester and the Bronx. Most of the new reverse-peak users came from the Bronx. The increased service helped revitalize White Plains' downtown, helping anchor the economy of central Westchester.[43] Express trains could skip stops via the express track while additional local trains could make stops in Westchester and the Bronx.[44]
On February 3, 2015, a Harlem line train struck a car on the tracks near Valhalla and caught fire. Seven people were killed and service was temporarily suspended between Pleasantville and North White Plains.[45][46]
Future
With the entire existing track in use since service to Wassaic was restored in 2000, there is little talk of expansion or branching. However, Metro-North will revisit a future extension northward if circumstances change.[2]:26-12 When plans were drawn up for extending the line northward from Dover Plains, the goal for Metro-North was to extend the line as far north as possible for a new yard, and to attract the most new passengers. Wassaic was the best site, and service was not extended to Millerton as the Harlem Valley Rail Trail was using the right-of-way.[47] This is directly contrasts one of the main purposes of rail trails: to preserve the right-of-way to allow for rail service to be restored in the future.[48] For now, Metro-North and the MTA have focused on improving existing facilities on the line, particularly stations such as Brewster where increasing usage has caused parking shortages.
In the 2015–2034 MTA Twenty-Year Capital Needs Assessment, two possible Harlem Line projects that would provide capacity to deal with increasing ridership and to expand service are mentioned. The first is the extension of a third track from Crestwood north to North White Plains. This would allow for increased reverse-peak service, increased local and express service-the same goals of the original third track project from Mount Vernon West to Crestwood. The second project would be the construction of a new flyover at Woodlawn at the junction with the New Haven Line. However, funding for these projects have not been identified as there are ongoing needs to maintain basic infrastructure.[49]:26, 77
Branches
The Harlem Line currently has no operational branches. Under New York Central ownership, it previously operated a 7.22 mi (11.62 km) branch to Lake Mahopac, NY to a connection with the Putnam Division. This line was originally a subsidiary known as the New York and Mahopac Railroad (1871-1880), and had one station between the two lines in Lincolndale. The line opened on June 17, 1872, and it extended to Golden's Bridge. It cost $266,000 to build it.[3]:24 After the discontinuance of passenger service on the Putnam Division in 1958, the Central operated a shuttle service known as "around the horn" which continued on Putnam Division trackage north of Lake Mahopac to Mahopac, Carmel, and Brewster where it reconnected with the Harlem Division main line. This service lasted until 1959.[50] The only active remnant of this branch is a wye north of Brewster station known as Putnam Junction.[51] There are some remains of the right-of-way of the branch, including a bridge just west of the Golden's Bridge station, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
North of Brewster is a connection with Metro-North's Beacon Line, which was purchased by Metro-North for preservation for future use. There are currently no plans for branch service on this line, which runs north and west to Hopewell Junction, and then south and west to Beacon. It also runs east to Danbury, but a reverse move would be required.[52]
Port Morris Branch
In the opposite direction, there was the freight-only Port Morris Branch. This was part of a line which was originally part of the Spuyten Duyvil and Port Morris Railroad which was established in 1842.[7] The railroad was bought by the New York and Harlem Railroad in 1853, and the segment north of Mott Haven Junction became part of the NYC Hudson Division. The Port Morris Branch began at a wye north of Melrose Station, then extended southeast through The Hub, through a tunnel under St. Mary's Park,[53] and finally Port Morris along the East River just after crossing a bridge beneath the Harlem River and Port Chester Branch of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. The only two stations along this branch were at Westchester Avenue between Brook and St Mary's Avenues and at Port Morris itself across the river from North Brother Island.[54] After the construction of the Oak Point Link at the Bronx's southern tip[55] and its subsequent opening in 1998,[56] the Port Morris Branch ceased to be used in 1999;[57][58] formal abandonment was declared in 2003, when CSX Transportation declared that the branch could be vacated due to the lack of use in the preceding two years.[59]
Rolling stock
On the electrified portions of the line, M3As and M7As are usually used. As with the Hudson Line, diesel-powered trains are driven by dual-mode Genesis and BL20-GH locomotives, paired with Shoreliner coaches. While some peak-period trains operate directly to and from Grand Central Terminal, most Harlem Line diesel-only territory is operated as shuttle service between Southeast (where electrification ends) and Wassaic, 29 miles (47 km) north in Dutchess County.
Stations
Main line
| Zone | Station | Miles (km) from GCT |
Date opened |
Date closed |
Connections / notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Grand Central Terminal  |
0.0 (0.0) | October 6, 1871[60] |  Metro-North: Hudson and New Haven lines NYC Subway:        (at Grand Central – 42nd Street) NYCT Bus:M1, M2, M3, M4, M42, M101, M102, M103, Q32, X2, X5, X10, X12, X14, X22, X22A, X27, X28, X31, X37, X38, X42, X63, X64, X68 MTA Bus: BxM1, QM21Originally Grand Central Depot, then Grand Central Station | |
| 59th Street | |||||
| 72nd Street | |||||
| 86th Street | May 15, 1876[12] | c. 1903[61] | |||
| 110th Street | May 15, 1876[12] | c. 1900 | |||
| Harlem–125th Street |
4.2 (6.8) | 1897[62] | Metro-North: Hudson and New Haven lines NYC Subway: (at 125th Street) NYCT Bus: M1 (NB), M35, M60 SBS to LGA, M98, M100, M101, Bx15 | ||
| Manhattan/Bronx border | |||||
| 2 | |||||
| 138th Street | 1886[63] | 1972[51] | Also named Mott Haven and The Bronx | ||
| Hudson Line diverges | |||||
| Melrose | 6.1 (9.8) | c. 1890[64] | NYCT Bus: Bx6, Bx13, Bx32, Bx41, Bx41 SBS | ||
| Morrisania | c. 1858[65] | 1972[51] | |||
| Claremont Park | c. 1960[62][51] | ||||
| Tremont | 7.9 (12.7) | c. 1890[64] | NYCT Bus: Bx15, Bx36, Bx40, Bx41, Bx42, Bx55 | ||
| 183rd Street | 1972[51] | ||||
| Fordham |
8.9 (14.3) | Metro-North: New Haven Line NYCT Bus: Bx9, Bx12, Bx12 SBS, Bx15, Bx17, Bx22, Bx34, Bx41, Bx41 SBS MTA Bus: BxM4 Bee-Line Bus: 60, 61, 62 | |||
| Botanical Garden |
9.5 (15.2) | 1893[66] | NYCT Bus: Bx26, Bx41, Bx41 SBS Originally Bedford Park | ||
| Former Jerome Park Branch diverges (1880-1906) | |||||
| Williams Bridge | 10.5 (16.9) | c. 1842 | NYC Subway:  (at Gun Hill Road) NYCT Bus: Bx28, Bx30, Bx38, Bx39, Bx41, Bx41 SBS MTA Bus: BxM11 | ||
| Woodlawn | 11.8 (19.0) | 1848 | NYC Subway: (at 233rd Street) NYCT Bus: Bx16, Bx31, Bx39 MTA Bus: BxM11 Bee-Line Bus: 42 | ||
| New Haven Line diverges | |||||
| Wakefield | 12.6 (20.3) | NYC Subway: (at Wakefield–241st Street) NYCT Bus: Bx39 MTA Bus: BxM11 Bee-Line Bus: 40, 41, 42, 43 Originally Washingtonville | |||
| Bronx / Westchester County border | |||||
| 3 | Mount Vernon West |
13.1 (21.1) | 1914[67] | Bee-Line Bus: 7, 26, 91 Originally Mount Vernon | |
| Fleetwood |
14.3 (23.0) | October 25, 1924[68] | Bee-Line Bus: 26, 55 | ||
| Bronxville |
15.3 (24.6) | 1916[51][67] | Bee-Line Bus: 26, 30, 52 | ||
| Tuckahoe |
16.0 (25.7) | 1901 | Bee-Line Bus: 8 | ||
| Crestwood |
16.7 (26.9) | 1901 | |||
| 4 | Scarsdale |
19.0 (30.6) | 1846[69] | Bee-Line Bus: 63, 64, 65, 66 | |
| Hartsdale |
20.6 (33.2) | 1915[67] | Bee-Line Bus: 34, 38, 39 Originally Hart's Corner | ||
| White Plains |
22.3 (35.9) | 1844 | Bee-Line Bus: 1W, 3, 5, 6, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21, 27, 40, 41, 60, 62, 63, 77, 79, A, B, C, D, F, H CT Transit: I-BUS Transport of Rockland: Tappan Zee Express | ||
| Holland Avenue | 1972[51] | ||||
| North White Plains |
23.8 (38.3) | 1972[51] | Bee-Line Bus: 6 | ||
| 5 | Valhalla |
25.5 (41.0) | 1846 | Bee-Line Bus: 6 Originally Davis Brook, then Kensico | |
| Kensico Cemetery | 1983[51] | ||||
| Mount Pleasant | 27.2 (43.8) | ||||
| Hawthorne |
28.2 (45.4) | 1847 | Bee-Line Bus: 15 Originally Unionville | ||
| Thornwood | 1984 | ||||
| Pleasantville |
30.5 (49.1) | c. 1858[65] | Bee-Line Bus: 6, 15, 19 | ||
| Chappaqua |
32.4 (52.1) | 1902[65] | Bee-Line Bus: 19 | ||
| 6 | Mount Kisco |
36.5 (58.7) | c. 1858[65] | Bee-Line Bus: 19 | |
| Bedford Hills |
39.2 (63.1) | Bee-Line Bus: 19 Originally Bedford | |||
| Katonah |
41.2 (66.3) | April 5, 1897[70] | Bee-Line Bus: 19 HARTransit: Ridgefield-Katonah Shuttle | ||
| Former Lake Mahopac Branch diverges | |||||
| Golden's Bridge |
43.7 (70.3) | ||||
| 7 | Purdy's |
46.0 (74.0) | |||
| Croton Falls |
47.7 (76.8) | 1847 | Short Line Bus: Croton Falls Shuttle | ||
| Westchester County / Putnam County border | |||||
| Brewster |
51.9 (83.5) | 1848[71] | HARTransit: 3, Danbury-Brewster Shuttle Putnam Transit: 1 | ||
| Former Putnam Branch and Lake Mahopac Branch converge | |||||
| Southeast |
53.2 (85.6) | 1980 | HARTransit: New Fairfield-Southeast Shuttle Terminus of electrification Formerly Brewster North | ||
| Dykeman's | c. 1848 | c. 1968 | |||
| Towner's | c. 1850 | c. 1968 | |||
| 8 | Patterson |
60.2 (96.9) | Putnam Transit: 3 | ||
| Putnam County / Dutchess County border | |||||
| Pawling |
63.7 (102.5) | Dutchess County LOOP: E | |||
| Appalachian Trail | 65.9 (106.0) | 1991[72] | |||
| 9 | Harlem Valley–Wingdale |
69.0 (111.0) | c. 1960 | Formerly State Hospital | |
| Wingdale | 69.8[51] | c. 1977 | Originally Wing's, then South Dover | ||
| Dover Furnace | 72.5 (116.7)[51] | c. 1968 | |||
| Dover Plains |
76.2 (112.6) | c. 1850 | Dutchess County LOOP: D | ||
| 10 | Tenmile River |
80.0 (128.7) | 1857 | Dutchess County LOOP: D Formerly State School | |
| Wassaic |
82.0 (132.0) | c. 1848 | Closed from March 22, 1972 until July 9, 2000 | ||
| Tracks north of Wassaic were abandoned by Conrail between 1979 and 1983 | |||||
| Amenia | c. 1848 | March 27, 1980 | |||
| 12 | Sharon | 1873[51] | March 27, 1980 | ||
| Coleman's | 1851[51] | March 27, 1980 | |||
| Millerton | c. 1848 | March 27, 1980 | |||
| Mount Riga | c. 1848 | April 1, 1976 | |||
| Dutchess County / Columbia County border | |||||
| Boston Corners | March 27, 1976 | ||||
| Copake Falls | 1976 | Originally Copake Iron Works | |||
| Hillsdale | March 27, 1976 | ||||
| Craryville | c. 1849 | March 27, 1976 | |||
| Martindale | c. 1848 | March 27, 1976 | |||
| Philmont | January 1852 | March 27, 1976 | |||
| Ghent | c. 1846 | March 27, 1980 | Junction with Boston and Albany Railroad Hudson Branch | ||
| Chatham–Union Station | December 21, 1841 | March 1976 | Junction with Boston and Albany Railroad Main Line and Rutland Railroad | ||
Lake Mahopac Branch
Built by the New York and Mahopac Railroad in 1871; The entire branch was abandoned on April 2, 1959.[73]
| Station | Miles (km) from GCT |
Date opened |
Date closed |
Connections / notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Katonah |
41.2 (66.3) | April 5, 1897[70] | Bee-Line Bus: 19 HARTransit: Ridgefield-Katonah Shuttle | |
| Harlem Line diverges | ||||
| Lincolndale[67] | ||||
| Westchester County / Putnam County border | ||||
| Lake Mahopac[74] | ||||
| Putnam Division diverges | ||||
| Mahopac | ||||
| Crafts | ||||
| Carmel | ||||
| Tilly Foster | Originally built for the Tilly Foster Mine which closed in 1897. Station continued to operate. | |||
| Harlem Line converges at Putnam Junction | ||||
| Brewster |
51.9 (83.5) | 1848[71] | HARTransit: 3, Danbury-Brewster Shuttle Putnam Transit: 1 | |
Port Morris Branch
The entire line was in the Bronx, used exclusively for freight,[8] and formally abandoned in 2004.
| Station | Miles (km) from GCT |
Date opened |
Date closed |
Connections / notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Melrose | 6.1 (9.8) | c. 1890[64] | NYCT Bus: Bx6, Bx13, Bx32, Bx41, Bx41 SBS | |
| Harlem Line diverges | ||||
| Westchester Avenue[54] | ||||
| West Junction with Oak Point Yard | ||||
| Bridge under Harlem River and Port Chester Railroad (NH) | ||||
| East Junction with Oak Point Yard | ||||
| Port Morris[54] | ||||
References
- ↑ Moser, Emily (September 21, 2012). "The Harlem Line, and the color blue". I Ride The Harlem Line... Retrieved June 19, 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Wassaic Extension Project: Environmental Impact Statement. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. August 1997.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Hyatt, Elijah Clarence (1898). History of the New York & Harlem Railroad. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
- 1 2 The Financial Limitations Of Our Fore-Fathers. Railroad Branch of the Young Men's Christian Association of the City of New York. 1901. pp. 350–352.
- ↑ Meyers, Stephen L. (2005). Manhattan's Lost Streetcars. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 9780738538846.
- ↑ "New York City and Vicinity Map". brooklynrail.net. 1860. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- 1 2 "The Harlem Division". New York Central Historical Society. October 15, 2008. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- 1 2 Anastasio, Joe (December 23, 2009). "Port Morris Branch: The so-called Bronx Swamp.". LTV Squad. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ↑ The Official Guide of the Railways and Steam Navigation Lines of the United States, Porto Rico, Canada, Mexico and Cuba. National Railway Publication Company. 1907. pp. 226, 310.
- ↑ "Central New England Railroad and Connections Map". Wikimedia Commons. Central New England Railroad. 1901. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- 1 2 "RAILROAD ENGINEERING IN HARLEM.; Progress of the Work of Elevating the Central's Tracks in Park Avenue.". The New York Times. August 23, 1894. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
- 1 2 3 "PARTIAL RAPID TRANSIT.; FROM THE GRAND CENTRAL DEPOT. ARRANGEMENTS FOR QUICK TRAINS ON THE HARLEM ROAD TRAINS TO RUN NEXT MONDAY FARES, TIME, RATES OF COMMUTATION, &C.". The New York Times. May 12, 1876. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
- ↑ "RAPID TRANSIT TO AND FROM HARLEM.". The New York Times. April 13, 1876. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
- ↑ "TO RAISE THE CENTRAL'S TRACKS.; The Park Avenue Improvement and the New Harlem Drawbridge.". The New York Times. April 24, 1893. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
- ↑ "A NEW RAILROAD STATION.; To be Opened Soon at 125th Street by the Central and Harlem River Roads.". The New York Times. October 8, 1897. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
- ↑ Grogan, Louis (1990). The coming of the New York and Harlem Railroad. National Railway Historical Society.
- ↑ "EXTENDS ITS ELECTRIC ZONE.; Harlem Division Laying Third Rail Between Mt. Vernon and White Plains.". The New York Times. October 10, 1909. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
- 1 2 3 Marks, George V.; Lall, Bhagirath; Committee, American Society of Civil Engineers Public Transport (October 1, 1985). Organization and management of public transport projects: proceedings of the specialty conference. The Society. ISBN 9780872624580.
- ↑ "ELECTRIC TRAINS TO WHITE PLAINS MCH. 15; New Service and New Cars on Harlem Division of New York Central.". The New York Times. March 6, 1910. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
- ↑ "TO CONSIDER CROSSING PLAN; State Commission Will Take Up Amenia Project This Year.". The New York Times. October 19, 1930. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
- ↑ Folsom, Merrill (September 12, 1952). "DIESELS TAKE OVER N. Y. CENTRAL RUNS; Last Iron Horse Hauls Train on the Harlem Division -- Old-Timers Are Sad". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
- ↑ Williams, Gray (2006). New Castle: Chappaqua and Millwood. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 9780738539287.
- ↑ "WESTCHESTER SET FOR TWO BIG JOBS; State Opens Bids Dec.20 for Pleasantville Crossing and New Expressway Work". The New York Times. November 24, 1956. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
- ↑ "N.Y. CENTRAL TOLD TO MAINTAIN RUNS; Cut on Harlem Division Held in Abeyance Pending P.S.C. Hearing on Aug. 19". The New York Times. August 12, 1960. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
- ↑ "2-Way Radio Gets Test For Commuter Trains". The New York Times. November 14, 1961. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
- ↑ "Zone Fare Proposal Of the N.Y. Central Approved by State". The New York Times. January 11, 1964. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
- ↑ "Passenger Runs to Chatham On Penn Central End Today". The New York Times. August 1, 1971. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
- 1 2 3 Faber, Harold (March 26, 1972). "Train Service to Upper Harlem Valley Terminated". The New York Times. p. 60. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
- ↑ Baer, Christopher (April 2015). "A GENERAL CHRONOLOGY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD COMPANY ITS PREDECESSORS AND SUCCESSORS AND ITS HISTORICAL CONTEXT" (PDF). prrths.com. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- 1 2 3 Baer, Christopher (2015). "A GENERAL CHRONOLOGY OF THE SUCCESSORS OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD COMPANY AND THEIR HISTORICAL CONTEXT" (PDF). prrths.com. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
- 1 2 Empire State Report. New York State Legislative Institute at Baruch College/CUNY. 1981.
- ↑ 1968-1973, the Ten-year Program at the Halfway Mark. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 1973.
- ↑ Greenhouse, Linda (March 4, 1971). "Harlem Division Testing Ends". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
- 1 2 Hudson, Edward (January 1, 1984). "Electrification Project Nears Completion on Harlem Line". The New York Times. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
- ↑ Pollak, Michael (June 23, 1996). "For Hikers, The Train To the Trail". New York Times. Retrieved February 21, 2010.
- ↑ "MTA Metro-North Railroad To Open New Train Station in New York City To Serve Southwest Bronx and Yankee Stadium". www.mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. May 21, 2009. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
- ↑ Rowe, Claudia (July 9, 2000). "ROAD AND RAIL; 6 Miles for $6 Million". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
- ↑ "LAYING TRACK FOR REGION'S FUTURE". NY Daily News. July 10, 2000. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ↑ Mcdowell, Edwin (October 1, 2000). "Location, Location, Commutation". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
- ↑ "Introducing Metro-North's new Wassaic and Tenmile River Train Stations Service begins July 9th" (PDF). Fulton History. Metropolitan Transportation Authority in The Register Herald. July 6, 2000. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
- ↑ Demarco, Peter (August 27, 2001). "$57M FOR METRO-NORTH HARLEM LINE". NY Daily News. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
- ↑ Schreibman, Lisa (June 17, 1999). "Testimony in Support of Metro-North Railroad Mid-Harlem Line Third Track Project DEIS Presented by Lisa Schreibman of the Tri-State Transportation Campaign June 17, 1999" (PDF). tstc.org. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
- ↑ "How the Long Island Rail Road Could Shape the Next Economy" (PDF). rauchfoundation.org. Regional Plan Association. 2013. p. 11-12. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
- ↑ Egbert, Bill (July 21, 2005). "RAIL LINE UPGRADE BOOSTING RIDERSHIP". NY Daily News. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
- ↑ Rosendale, Gus; Beckford, Checkey; Siff, Andrew; Kim, Michelle (February 4, 2015). "6 Die When Packed Metro-North Train Hits Car on Tracks, Sparking Fiery Crash: Officials". NBC 4 New York. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ↑ Tangel, Andrew (February 3, 2015). "Metro-North Train Crashes into Vehicle in Valhalla, N.Y.". The Wall Street Journal. New York, New York. Retrieved February 4, 2015.
- ↑ Moser, Emily (August 4, 2012). "Chatting with Howard Permut, President of Metro-North Railroad". I Ride The Harlem Line... Retrieved June 21, 2017.
- ↑ "Getting on Track Working with Railroads to Build Trails in New York State". railstotrails.org. p. 15. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
- ↑ "MTA Twenty-Year Capital Needs Assessment 2015-2034" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. October 2013. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
- ↑ Haviland, Pierce (November 10, 2010). "New York Central: Putnam Division". www.piercehaviland.com. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Darlington, Peggy; Donch, Mary (May 7, 2013). "Metro North Harlem Line". stationreporter.net. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ↑ Lombardi, Kate Stone (February 5, 1995). "Metro-North Buys A Line for Future". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ↑ Port Morris Branch Tunnel. Railroad Gazette. November 10, 1905. pp. 436–437.
- 1 2 3 "New York Central Map of New York City" (PDF). canadasouthern.com. New York Central Railroad Map. 1921. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ↑ http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/transportation/deck03c.pdf
- ↑ Halbfinger, David M. (October 12, 1998). "20 Years in the Making, Rail Freight Link Opens in Bronx". The New York Times. Retrieved January 30, 2008.
- ↑ "2009 New York State Rail Plan" (PDF). 2009. p. 51. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
- ↑ Circumferential Subway route Michaelminn.net
- ↑ "33422 - Decision". Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved November 5, 2015.
- ↑ "The Grand Central Railroad Depot, Harlem Railroad.". The New York Times. October 1, 1871. p. 6. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- ↑ Brennan, Joseph (2002). "Abandoned Stations : 86 St (Park Ave)". www.columbia.edu. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- 1 2 Brennan, Joseph (2002). "Abandoned Stations : Bronx Railroad Stations". www.columbia.edu. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ↑ Testagrose, Joe (May 21, 1972). "Penn Central MNRR ACMU 1044 138th Street". nycsubway.org. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- 1 2 3 Moser, Emily (September 23, 2011). "Melrose Station, in the late 1800s". I Ride The Harlem Line. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "New York and Harlem Railroad Map". 1858. Retrieved June 20, 2017 – via I Ride the Harlem Line.
- ↑ "time Traveling on Mosholu Pkwy". Time Traveling on Mosholu Pkwy. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "Existing Stations in Westchester County". ny.existingstations.com. January 1, 2009. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ↑ "Historic American Buildings Survey (Fleetwood Railroad Station; Page 4)". loc.gov. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ↑ Moser, Emily (November 2, 2010). "Tuesday Tour of the Harlem Line; Scarsdale Station". I Ride The Harlem Line. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- 1 2 Singer, Penny (March 30, 1997). "Katonah to Observe 100 Years of Rebirth". New York Times. Retrieved February 21, 2010.
- 1 2 "Brewster Railroad History". www.southeastmuseum.org. c. 1997. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ↑ Pollak, Michael (June 23, 1996). "For Hikers, The Train To the Trail". New York Times. Retrieved February 21, 2010.
- ↑ Kinlock, Ken. "New York Central's Putnam Division". www.kinglyheirs.com. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ↑ "Existing Stations in Putnam County". ny.existingstations.com. September 19, 2007. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Harlem Line. |
| East of Hudson |  | |
|---|---|---|
| West of Hudson (operated by NJ Transit) | ||
| Non-revenue and Predecessor lines | ||
| Other | ||