Haplogroup Q-M120

Haplogroup Q-M120
Possible time of origin Insufficient Data
Possible place of origin Asia
Ancestor Q1a1a (F746/NWT01)
Defining mutations M120 and M265 (AKA N14)

Haplogroup Q-M120, also known as Q1a1a1, is a Y-DNA haplogroup. It is the only primary branch of haplogroup Q1a1a (F746/NWT01). The lineage is most common amongst modern populations in north-east Eurasia.

Distribution

Q-M120 has descendants in modern populations across eastern Eurasia.

The Americas

One of the 1K Genomes samples, HG01944, from Peruvians in Lima, Peru belongs to Q-M120. Q-M120 is the other branch under Q-F746. It is best known as an East Asian branch of Q. This is intriguing, if it is not post colonial admixture, it will mark a fourth or fifth Q lineage in the Americas.

Asia

Q-M120 is present in Eastern Asia and may trace its origin to East Asia.[1][2] It has been found at low frequency among Han Chinese,[1][2] Dungans,[3] Japanese,[4] Koreans,[3] Mongols,[5] Uygurs,[6] and Tibetans.[2][7] Although it was reported in the Hazaras.[8]

PopulationPaperNPercentageSNP Tested
Dungan (Kyrgyzstan)Wells 2001[3]3/40~7.5%M120
Han (Henan)Su 2000[2]2/28~7.1%M120
Han (Anhui)Su 2000[2]1/22~4.6%M120
Northern HanSu 2000[2]1/22~4.5%M120
Han (Shanghai)Su 2000[2]1/30~3.3%M120
Han (Shandong)Su 2000[2]1/32~3.1%M120
KoreaWells 2001[3]1/45~2.2%M120
Tibetan-LhasaSu 2000[2]1/46~2.2%M120
TibetGayden 2007[7]2/156~1.3%M120
Han (Shanxi)Zhong 2010[6]1/56~1.8%M120
Uygur (Xinjiang)Zhong 2010[6]1/71~1.4%M120
Uygur (Xinjiang)Zhong 2010[6]1/50~2.0%M120
Han (Jiangsu)Su 2000[2]1/55~1.8%M120
Mongolia Di Cristofaro 2013[5]2/160~1.25%M120
Japan Nonaka 2007[4]1/165~0.61%M120

Europe

To date, Q-M120 has hardly been detected in European populations.

Associated SNPs

Haplogroup Q-M120 is defined by the presence of the M120 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) as well as the M265 (AKA N14) SNP.

Phylogenetic tree

This is Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center's Draft Tree for haplogroup Q-M120.

See also

Y-DNA Q-M242 subclades

Y-DNA backbone tree

Phylogenetic tree of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups [χ 1][χ 2]
"Y-chromosomal Adam"
A00 A0-T [χ 3]
A0 A1 [χ 4]
A1a A1b
A1b1 BT
B CT
DE CF
D E C F
F1  F2  F3  GHIJK
G HIJK
IJK H
IJ   K
I J     LT [χ 5]  K2
L     T [χ 6] K2a [χ 7] K2b [χ 8]   K2c   K2d  K2e [χ 9]  
K2a1                    K2b1 [χ 10]    P [χ 11]
NO    S [χ 12]  M [χ 13]    P1     P2
NO1    Q   R
N O
  1. ↑ Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation. 35 (2): 187–91. PMID 24166809. doi:10.1002/humu.22468.
  2. ↑ International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)
  3. ↑ Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A0'1'2'3'4.
  4. ↑ Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.
  5. ↑ Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.
  6. ↑ Between 2002 and 2008, Haplogroup T (M184) was known as "Haplogroup K2" – that name has since been re-assigned to K-M526, the sibling of Haplogroup LT.
  7. ↑ Haplogroup K2a (M2308) and the new subclade K2a1 (M2313) were separated from Haplogroup NO (F549) in 2016. (This followed the publication of: Poznik GD, Xue Y, Mendez FL, et al. (2016). "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences". Nature Genetics. 48 (6): 593–9. PMC 4884158 Freely accessible. PMID 27111036. doi:10.1038/ng.3559. In the past, other haplogroups, including NO1 (M214) and K2e had also been identified with the name "K2a".
  8. ↑ Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.
  9. ↑ Haplogroup K2e (K-M147) was previously known as "Haplogroup X" and "K2a" (but is a sibling subclade of the present K2a).
  10. ↑ Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.
  11. ↑ Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2.
  12. ↑ Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)
  13. ↑ Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)

References

  1. 1 2 Wen B; Li H; Lu D; et al. (September 2004). "Genetic evidence supports demic diffusion of Han culture". Nature. 431 (7006): 302–5. PMID 15372031. doi:10.1038/nature02878. Supplementary Table 2: NRY haplogroup distribution in Han populations
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Su, Bing; Xiao, Chunjie; Deka, Ranjan; Seielstad, Mark T.; Kangwanpong, Daoroong; Xiao, Junhua; Lu, Daru; Underhill, Peter; Cavalli-Sforza, Luca (2000). "Y chromosome haplotypes reveal prehistorical migrations to the Himalayas". Human Genetics. 107 (6): 582–90. PMID 11153912. doi:10.1007/s004390000406.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Wells RS; Yuldasheva N; Ruzibakiev R; et al. (August 2001). "The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (18): 10244–9. PMC 56946 Freely accessible. PMID 11526236. doi:10.1073/pnas.171305098. Table 1: Y-chromosome haplotype frequencies in 49 Eurasian populations, listed according to geographic region
  4. 1 2 Nonaka, I.; Minaguchi, K.; Takezaki, N. (2007). "Y-chromosomal Binary Haplogroups in the Japanese Population and their Relationship to 16 Y-STR Polymorphisms". Annals of Human Genetics. 71 (4): 480–95. PMID 17274803. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00343.x.
  5. 1 2 Di Cristofaro J, Pennarun E, Mazières S, Myres NM, Lin AA, et al. (2013) "Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge." PLoS ONE 8(10): e76748. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748
  6. 1 2 3 4 Zhong, H.; Shi, H.; Qi, X.-B.; Duan, Z.-Y.; Tan, P.-P.; Jin, L.; Su, B.; Ma, R. Z. (2010). "Extended Y Chromosome Investigation Suggests Postglacial Migrations of Modern Humans into East Asia via the Northern Route". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 28 (1): 717–27. PMID 20837606. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq247.
  7. 1 2 Gayden T; Cadenas AM; Regueiro M; et al. (May 2007). "The Himalayas as a Directional Barrier to Gene Flow". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 80 (5): 884–94. PMC 1852741 Freely accessible. PMID 17436243. doi:10.1086/516757.
  8. ↑ Sengupta, Sanghamitra; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; King, Roy; Mehdi, S.Q.; Edmonds, Christopher A.; Chow, Cheryl-Emiliane T.; Lin, Alice A.; Mitra, Mitashree; Sil, Samir K. (2006). "Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–21. PMC 1380230 Freely accessible. PMID 16400607. doi:10.1086/499411.
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