Haplogroup K2a (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup K2a
Possible place of origin Eurasia
Ancestor K2
Descendants

Primary descendant: K2a1 (M2313);

Secondary descendant:
NO (F549).
Defining mutations M2308

Haplogroup K2a (M2308) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. K2a is a primary descendant of Haplogroup K2, which in turn is a primary descendant of Haplogroup K*. Its sole primary descendant is K2a1 (M2313).[1]

K2a* has been found only in the remains of two Paleolithic individuals from Siberia and Eastern Europe, while K2a1* has been found only in living individuals from India and South East Asia.

Before 2016, it was generally considered that "K2a" and "NO" were identical and constituted a primary branch of Haplogroup K2.[1] However, researchers such as Poznik et al. discovered Y-DNA in ancient remains and living individuals that had some, but not all, of the mutations regarded previously as peculiar to NO, and also lacked any of the SNPs identifying other primary clades of K2.[1] Poznik et al. therefore considered that K2a and NO respectively constituted "grandparent" and "grandchild" clades, and proposed that the name Haplogroup K2a1 be assigned to the Y-DNA of individuals who belonged to K2a, but did not belong to NO.

Distribution

As of 2016, two living males had been found to carry K2a1* – a Telugu man from India and an ethnic Malay.[1]

See also

Footnotes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 G. David Poznik et al., 2016, "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences" Nature Genetics, no. 48, pp. 593–599.
  2. 1 2 Callaway, Ewen & Nature magazine (23 October 2014). "45,000-Year-Old Man's Genome Sequenced". Scientific American. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Haplogroup K2a of Y-DNA.
Phylogenetic tree of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups [χ 1][χ 2]
"Y-chromosomal Adam"
A00 A0-T [χ 3]
A0 A1 [χ 4]
A1a A1b
A1b1 BT
B CT
DE CF
D E C F
F1  F2  F3  GHIJK
G HIJK
IJK H
IJ   K
I J     LT [χ 5]  K2
L     T [χ 6] K2a [χ 7] K2b [χ 8]   K2c   K2d  K2e [χ 9]  
K2a1                    K2b1 [χ 10]    P [χ 11]
NO    S [χ 12]  M [χ 13]    P1     P2
NO1    Q   R
N O
  1. ↑ Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation. 35 (2): 187–91. PMID 24166809. doi:10.1002/humu.22468.
  2. ↑ International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)
  3. ↑ Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A0'1'2'3'4.
  4. ↑ Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.
  5. ↑ Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.
  6. ↑ Between 2002 and 2008, Haplogroup T (M184) was known as "Haplogroup K2" – that name has since been re-assigned to K-M526, the sibling of Haplogroup LT.
  7. ↑ Haplogroup K2a (M2308) and the new subclade K2a1 (M2313) were separated from Haplogroup NO (F549) in 2016. (This followed the publication of: Poznik GD, Xue Y, Mendez FL, et al. (2016). "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences". Nature Genetics. 48 (6): 593–9. PMC 4884158 Freely accessible. PMID 27111036. doi:10.1038/ng.3559. In the past, other haplogroups, including NO1 (M214) and K2e had also been identified with the name "K2a".
  8. ↑ Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.
  9. ↑ Haplogroup K2e (K-M147) was previously known as "Haplogroup X" and "K2a" (but is a sibling subclade of the present K2a).
  10. ↑ Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.
  11. ↑ Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2.
  12. ↑ Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)
  13. ↑ Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)


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