Hankel matrix

In linear algebra, a Hankel matrix (or catalecticant matrix), named after Hermann Hankel, is a square matrix in which each ascending skew-diagonal from left to right is constant, e.g.:

Any n×n matrix A of the form

is a Hankel matrix. If the i,j element of A is denoted Ai,j, then we have

The Hankel matrix is closely related to the Toeplitz matrix (a Hankel matrix is an upside-down Toeplitz matrix). For a special case of this matrix see Hilbert matrix.

A Hankel operator on a Hilbert space is one whose matrix with respect to an orthonormal basis is a (possibly infinite) Hankel matrix , where depends only on .

The determinant of a Hankel matrix is called a catalecticant.

Hankel transform

The Hankel transform is the name sometimes given to the transformation of a sequence, where the transformed sequence corresponds to the determinant of the Hankel matrix. That is, the sequence is the Hankel transform of the sequence when

Here, is the Hankel matrix of the sequence . The Hankel transform is invariant under the binomial transform of a sequence. That is, if one writes

as the binomial transform of the sequence , then one has

Applications of Hankel matrices

Hankel matrices are formed when, given a sequence of output data, a realization of an underlying state-space or hidden Markov model is desired. The singular value decomposition of the Hankel matrix provides a means of computing the A, B, and C matrices which define the state-space realization. The Hankel matrix formed from the signal has been found useful for decomposition of non-stationary signals.

Orthogonal polynomials on the real line

Positive Hankel matrices and the Hamburger moment problems

Relation between Hankel and Toeplitz matrices

Let be the reflection matrix of order . For example the reflection matrix of order is as follows:

If is a Hankel matrix, then , where is a Toeplitz matrix.

See also

Notes

    References


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