Hammer throw
Scottish hammer throw illustration from Frank R.Stockton's book "Round-about Rambles in Lands of Fact and Fancy"
The traditional Highland games version of event
The contemporary version of the Hammer Throw
World Athletics Championships 2007 in Osaka - Victory Ceremony for Hammer Throw with winner Ivan Tsikhan (middle)
Irish born American John Flanagan in the hammer throw competition at the Summer Olympics 1908 in London
The hammer throw is one of the four throwing events in regular track and field competitions, along with the discus throw, shot put and javelin. The "hammer" used in this sport is not like any of the tools also called by that name. It consists of a metal ball attached by a steel wire to a grip. The size of the ball varies between men's and women's competitions (see Competition section below for details).
Safety net for hammer throw
History
With roots dating back to the 15th century, the contemporary version of the hammer throw is one of the oldest of Olympic Games competitions, first included at the 1900 games in Paris, France (the second Olympiad of the modern era). Its history since the late 1960s and legacy prior to inclusion in the Olympics have been dominated by European and Eastern European influence, which has affected interest in the event in other parts of the world.
The hammer evolved from its early informal origins to become part of the Scottish Highland games in the late 18th century, where the original version of the event is still contested today.
While the men's hammer throw has been part of the Olympics since 1900, the International Association of Athletics Federations did not start ratifying women's marks until 1995. Women's hammer throw was first included in the Olympics at the 2000 summer games in Sydney, Australia, after having been included in the World Championships a year earlier.
Competition
The men's hammer weighs 16 pounds (7.26 kg) and measures 3 feet 11 3⁄4 inches (121.3 cm) in length, and the women's hammer weighs 8.82 lb (4 kg) and 3 ft 11 in (119.4 cm) in length.[1] Like the other throwing events, the competition is decided by who can throw the implement the furthest.
Although commonly thought of as a strength event, technical advancements in the last 30 years have evolved hammer throw competition to a point where more focus is on speed in order to gain maximum distance.
The throwing motion involves about two swings from stationary position, then three, four or very rarely five rotations of the body in circular motion using a complicated heel-toe movement of the foot. The ball moves in a circular path, gradually increasing in velocity with each turn with the high point of the hammer ball toward the target sector and the low point at the back of the circle. The thrower releases the ball from the front of the circle.
As of 2015 the men's hammer world record is held by Yuriy Sedykh, who threw 86.74 m (284 ft 6 3⁄4 in) at the 1986 European Athletics Championships in Stuttgart, West Germany on 30 August.
The world record for the women's hammer is held by Anita Włodarczyk, who threw 82.98 m (272 ft 2 3⁄4 in) during the Kamila Skolimowska Memorial on 28 August 2016.
All-time top 25
Men
- Updated August 2015
| Rank | Mark | Athlete | Location | Date | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 86.74 m (284 ft 6 3⁄4 in) |  Yuriy Sedykh (SUN) |
Stuttgart | 30 August 1986 | |
| 2 | 86.04 m (282 ft 3 1⁄4 in) | Sergey Litvinov (SUN) |
Dresden | 3 July 1986 | |
| 3 | 84.90 m (278 ft 6 1⁄2 in) |  Vadim Devyatovskiy (BLR) |
Minsk | 21 July 2005 | |
| 4 | 84.86 m (278 ft 4 3⁄4 in) |  Koji Murofushi (JPN) |
Prague | 29 June 2003 | |
| 5 | 84.62 m (277 ft 7 1⁄4 in) | .svg.png){kind=small} Igor Astapkovich (BLR) |
Seville | 6 June 1992 | |
| 6 | 84.51 m (277 ft 3 in) | Ivan Tsikhan (BLR) |
Grodno | 9 July 2008 | |
| 7 | 84.48 m (277 ft 1 3⁄4 in) | Igor Nikulin (SUN) |
Lausanne | 12 July 1990 | |
| 8 | 84.40 m (276 ft 10 3⁄4 in) | Jüri Tamm (SUN) |
Banská Bystrica | 9 September 1984 | |
| 9 | 84.19 m (276 ft 2 1⁄2 in) |  Adrián Annus (HUN) |
Szombathely | 10 August 2003 | |
| 10 | 83.93 m (275 ft 4 1⁄4 in) |  Paweł Fajdek (POL) |
Szczecin | 9 August 2015 | [2] |
| 11 | 83.68 m (274 ft 6 1⁄4 in) | Tibor Gécsek (HUN) |
Zalaegerszeg | 19 September 1998 | |
| 12 | 83.46 m (273 ft 9 3⁄4 in) | Andrey Abduvaliyev (SUN) |
Sochi | 26 May 1990 | |
| 13 | 83.43 m (273 ft 8 1⁄2 in) |  Aleksey Zagornyi (RUS) |
Adler | 10 February 2002 | |
| 14 | 83.40 m (273 ft 7 1⁄4 in) |  Ralf Haber (DDR) |
Athens | 16 May 1988 | |
| 15 | 83.38 m (273 ft 6 1⁄2 in) | Szymon Ziółkowski (POL) |
Edmonton | 5 August 2001 | |
| 16 | 83.30 m (273 ft 3 1⁄2 in) |  Olli-Pekka Karjalainen (FIN) |
Lahti | 14 July 2004 | |
| 17 | 83.04 m (272 ft 5 1⁄4 in) |  Heinz Weis (DEU) |
Frankfurt | 29 June 1997 | |
| 18 | 83.00 m (272 ft 3 1⁄2 in) | Balázs Kiss (HUN) |
Saint-Denis | 4 June 1998 | |
| 19 | 82.78 m (271 ft 7 in) | Karsten Kobs (DEU) |
Dortmund | 26 June 1999 | |
| 20 | 82.69 m (271 ft 3 1⁄2 in) | Krisztián Pars (HUN) |
Zürich | 16 August 2014 | |
| 21 | 82.64 m (271 ft 1 1⁄2 in) | Günther Rodehau (DDR) |
Dresden | 3 August 1985 | |
| 22 | 82.62 m (271 ft 0 3⁄4 in) | Sergey Kirmasov (RUS) |
Zalaegerszeg | 30 May 1998 | |
| 82.62 m (271 ft 0 3⁄4 in) |  Andriy Skvaruk (UKR) |
Kiev | 27 April 2002 | ||
| 24 | 82.58 m (270 ft 11 in) |  Primož Kozmus (SVN) |
Celje | 2 September 2009 | |
| 25 | 82.54 m (270 ft 9 1⁄2 in) | Vasiliy Sidorenko (RUS) |
Krasnodar | 13 May 1992 |
Non-Legal Marks
- Ivan Tsikhan of Belarus also threw 86.73 on 3 July 2005 in Brest, but this performance was annulled due to drugs disqualification.
Women
- Correct as of May 2017.[3]
| Rank | Mark | Athlete | Date | Location | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 82.98 m (272 ft 2 3⁄4 in) | Anita Włodarczyk (POL) |
28 August 2016 | Warsaw | [4] |
| 2 | 79.42 m (260 ft 6 3⁄4 in) | Betty Heidler (DEU) |
21 May 2011 | Halle | |
| 3 | 78.80 m (258 ft 6 1⁄4 in) | Tatyana Lysenko (RUS) |
16 August 2013 | Moscow | |
| 4 | 78.69 m (258 ft 2 in) | Aksana Miankova (BLR) |
18 July 2012 | Minsk | |
| 5 | 77.68 m (254 ft 10 1⁄4 in) |  Zheng Wang (CHN) |
29 March 2014 | Chengdu | |
| 6 | 77.33 m (253 ft 8 1⁄4 in) | Zhang Wenxiu (CHN) |
28 September 2014 | Incheon | |
| 7 | 77.26 m (253 ft 5 1⁄2 in) | Gulfiya Agafonova (RUS) |
12 June 2006 | Tula | |
| 8 | 77.13 m (253 ft 0 1⁄2 in) | Oksana Kondratyeva (RUS) |
30 June 2013 | Zhukovskiy | |
| 9 | 76.90 m (252 ft 3 1⁄2 in) |  Martina Hrašnová (SVK) |
16 May 2009 | Trnava | |
| 10 | 76.83 m (252 ft 0 3⁄4 in) | Kamila Skolimowska (POL) |
11 May 2007 | Doha | |
| 11 | 76.77 m (251 ft 10 1⁄4 in) |  Gwen Berry (USA) |
6 May 2017 | Oxford | [5] |
| 12 | 76.72 m (251 ft 8 1⁄4 in) | Mariya Bespalova (RUS) |
23 June 2012 | Zhukovsky | |
| 13 | 76.66 m (251 ft 6 in) | Volha Tsander (BLR) |
23 June 2006 | Minsk | |
| 14 | 76.63 m (251 ft 4 3⁄4 in) | Yekaterina Khoroshikh (RUS) |
23 June 2006 | Zhukovsky | |
| 15 | 76.62 m (251 ft 4 1⁄2 in) |  Yipsi Moreno (CUB) |
9 September 2008 | Zagreb | |
| 16 | 76.56 m (251 ft 2 in) | Alena Matoshka (BLR) |
12 June 2012 | Minsk | |
| 17 | 76.33 m (250 ft 5 in) | Darya Pchelnik (BLR) |
29 June 2008 | Minsk | |
| 18 | 76.21 m (250 ft 0 1⁄4 in) | Yelena Konevtseva (RUS) |
26 May 2007 | Sochi | |
| 19 | 76.17 m (249 ft 10 3⁄4 in) | Anna Bulgakova (RUS) |
24 July 2013 | Moscow | |
| 20 | 76.07 m (249 ft 6 3⁄4 in) |  Mihaela Melinte (ROU) |
29 August 1999 | Rüdlingen | |
| 21 | 76.05 m (249 ft 6 in) | Kathrin Klaas (DEU) |
10 August 2012 | London | |
| 22 | 75.73 m (248 ft 5 1⁄4 in) | Amanda Bingson (USA) |
22 June 2013 | Des Moines | |
| 75.73 m (248 ft 5 1⁄4 in) |  Sultana Frizell (CAN) |
22 May 2014 | Tucson | ||
| 24 | 75.68 m (248 ft 3 1⁄2 in) | Olga Kuzenkova (RUS) |
4 June 2000 | Tula | |
| 25 | 75.29 m (247 ft 0 in) |  Hanna Skydan (AZE) |
16 May 2017 | Baku | [6] |
Notes
Below is a list of throws equal or superior to 77.40m:
- Anita Włodarczyk also threw 82.87 m (2017), 82.29 m (2016), 81.77 m (2016), 81.74 (2016), 81.63 m (2017), 81.27 m (2016), 81.08 m (2015), 80.85 m (2015), 80.79 m (2017), 80.73 m (2017), 80.69 m (2017), 80.42 m (2017), 80.40 m (2016), 80.31 m (2016), 80.26 m (2016), 79.73 m (2017), 79.72 m (2017), 79.68 m (2016, 2017), 79.67 m (2016), 79.62 m (2016), 79.61 m (2016), 79.58 m (2016), 79.48 m (2016), 79.45 m (2016), 79.39 m (2016), 79.27 m (2017), 79.07 m (2017), 79.06 m (2017), 78.76 m (2014), 78.69 m (2016), 79.63 m (2017), 78.59 m (2017), 78.54 m (2016), 78.52 m (2017), 78.46 m (2013), 78.35 m (2017), 78.30 m (2010), 78.28 m (2015), 78.24 m (2015), 78.22 m (2013), 78.17 m (2014), 78.16 m (2015), 78.14 m (2016), 78.10 (2016), 78.00 m (2017), 77.96 m (2009), 77.77 m (2017), 77.73 m (2015), 77.70 m (2016), 77.67 m (2017), 77.66 m (2014), 77.60 m (2012).
- Tatyana Beloborodova also threw 78.51 m (2012), 78.15 m (2013), 77.80 m (2006), 77.41 m (2006).
- Aksana Miankova also threw 78.19 m (2012).
- Betty Heidler also threw 78.07 m (2012), 78.00 m (2014), 77.53 m (2011), 77.40 m (2011).
Non-Legal Marks
- Gulfiya Agafonova of Russia also threw 77.36 on 26 May 2007 in Sochi, but this performance was annulled due to doping offense.
Olympic medalists
Men
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Women
| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 Sydney |
Kamila Skolimowska (POL) |
Olga Kuzenkova (RUS) |
Kirsten Münchow (GER) |
| 2004 Athens |
Olga Kuzenkova (RUS) |
Yipsi Moreno (CUB) |
Yunaika Crawford (CUB) |
| 2008 Beijing |
Yipsi Moreno (CUB) |
Zhang Wenxiu (CHN) |
 Manuela Montebrun (FRA) |
| 2012 London |
Anita Włodarczyk (POL) |
Betty Heidler (GER) |
Zhang Wenxiu (CHN) |
| 2016 Rio de Janeiro |
Anita Włodarczyk (POL) |
Zhang Wenxiu (CHN) |
 Sophie Hitchon (GBR) |
World Championships medalists
Men
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Women
| Championships | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 Seville |
Mihaela Melinte (ROU) |
Olga Kuzenkova (RUS) |
 Lisa Misipeka (ASA) |
| 2001 Edmonton |
Yipsi Moreno (CUB) |
Olga Kuzenkova (RUS) |
 Bronwyn Eagles (AUS) |
| 2003 Saint-Denis |
Yipsi Moreno (CUB) |
Olga Kuzenkova (RUS) |
Manuela Montebrun (FRA) |
| 2005 Helsinki |
Yipsi Moreno (CUB) |
Tatyana Lysenko (RUS) |
Manuela Montebrun (FRA) |
| 2007 Osaka |
Betty Heidler (GER) |
Yipsi Moreno (CUB) |
Zhang Wenxiu (CHN) |
| 2009 Berlin |
Anita Włodarczyk (POL) |
Betty Heidler (GER) |
Martina Hrašnová (SVK) |
| 2011 Daegu |
Tatyana Lysenko (RUS) |
Betty Heidler (GER) |
Zhang Wenxiu (CHN) |
| 2013 Moscow |
Tatyana Lysenko (RUS) |
Anita Włodarczyk (POL) |
Zhang Wenxiu (CHN) |
| 2015 Beijing |
Anita Włodarczyk (POL) |
Zhang Wenxiu (CHN) |
Alexandra Tavernier (FRA) |
| 2017 London |
Anita Włodarczyk (POL) |
Wang Zheng (CHN) |
Malwina Kopron (POL) |
Season's bests
Men
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Women
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Notes and references
- ↑ "Hammer Throw - Introduction". IAAF. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
- ↑ Phil Minshull (9 August 2015). "Fajdek throws 83.93m in Szczecin". IAAF. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
- ↑ "All-time women's best hammer throw". IAAF. 7 May 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
- ↑ "Wlodarczyk extends hammer world record in Warsaw". IAAF. 28 August 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
- ↑ Todd Hefferman (6 May 2017). "Saluki Hall of Famer Berry breaks American hammer throw record". thesouthern.com. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
- ↑ "Hammer Throw Results" (PDF). baku2017results.azureedge.net. 16 May 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
- ↑ 2004 Olympic Hammer Throw Medalists. Olympic.org. Retrieved on 2014-04-19.
- 1 2 Engeler, Elaine (June 10, 2010). "CAS Reinstates Medals for Hammer Throwers". Yahoo! Sports. Associated Press. Retrieved 2010-06-15.
External links
- IAAF list of hammer-throw records in XML
- HammerThrow.eu (Results, Top-Lists, Records, Videos, ...)
- HammerThrow.org (Information about the event, coaching tips and resources, ...)
- Statistics
- Hammer Throw Records
- Hammer Throw History
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