HMS Phaeton (1883)

Phaeton in harbour at Esquimalt, 1898
History
United Kingdom
Name:	HMS Phaeton
Ordered:	1880 [1]
Builder:	Napier, Glasgow [2]
Laid down:	14 June 1880 [2]
Launched:	27 February 1883 [2][3]
Commissioned:	20 April 1886 [2][4]
Decommissioned:	28 April 1903 (as sea-going warship) [5]
Out of service:	1913
Renamed:	TS Indefatigable 1913
Reinstated:	1941 as Carrick II
Fate:	Sold for breaking up 1947 [2][3]
General characteristics
Class and type:	Leander-class second-class partially protected cruiser
Displacement:	4,300 tons (4,400 tonnes) load.[2][3]
Tons burthen:	3,750 tons (B.O.M.).[6]
Length:	300 ft (91.44 m) between perpendiculars.[2] 315 ft (96.01 m) overall.[2][3]
Beam:	46 ft (14.02 m).[2][3]
Draught:	20 ft 8 in (6.30 m) aft, 19 ft 6 in (5.94 m) forward with 950 tons (970 tonnes) of coal and complete with stores and provisions.[7]
Propulsion:	Sails and screw. Two shafts. Two cylinder horizontal direct acting compound engines, 12 cylindrical boilers, 5,500 IHP.[2][3]
Speed:	16.5 knots designed [2] 17–18 knots after funnels raised [2]
Range:	11,000 nmi at 10 knots.[2] 725 tons coal normal, 1000 tons maximum = c. 6,000 nmi at economical speed.[8]
Complement:	(1885): 275 [7][9]
Armament:	(1885): 10 × 6-inch Breechloading guns 8 1-inch Nordenfelt guns 2 5-barrel and 2 2-barrel 0.45-in machineguns 4 above water torpedo dischargers.[7]
Armour:	1.5 in (40mm) steel armoured deck (with sloped sides) over 165 ft.[2][8] 1.5 in (40mm) gun shields.[2][8]
Notes:	Carried 2 second class torpedo boats.[7] Carried 7-pdr and 9-pdr boat guns and field guns.[7]

HMS Phaeton was a second class cruiser of the Leander class which served with the Royal Navy.

Construction

She was built by Napier in Glasgow, being laid down in 1880, launched in 1883 and completed in 1886.^[10]

Acceptance Trials

"The Phaeton has been tried in the Solent. At the previous six hour' full power trial of the Phaeton there was a difficulty experienced in maintaining steam from want of draught in the stokeholds. (Only the Leander of this class has been fitted with fans for forced draught.) The funnels were afterwards raised from 60 ft (18 m) to 68 ft (21 m) (the same height as those of the first-class cruisers), while the space between the firebars was increased. The effect of these changes at the trial was very marked, the engines being provided with an abundance of steam without their being any necessity for resorting to the blast. The trial was intended to have been for six hours, but during the eleventh half hour, the expansion gear of the starboard engine heated and snapped, and the run was brought to a premature close. As, however the machinery worked without any hitch of any kind, and was developing power largely in excess of the Admiralty contract, it was agreed by the officers superintending the trial to accept the means of the five hours as a sufficient test of performance. These afforded the following data: Steam in the boilers, 85.35 lbs [588.5 kPa]; vacuum, 25.3 in (640 mm) starboard and 24.8 in (630 mm) port; revolutions, 100; mean pressures, starboard, 43.7 and 11 lb. [301 kPa and 76 kPa] and 43 and 11.7 lb. [300 kPa and 81 kPa] port; collective horsepower, 5,574.88 ihp (4,157.19 kW) or nearly 600 horses [450 kW] beyond the contract. The mean speed registered by runs on the measured mile was 18.684 knots (34.603 km/h), which was remarkable, notwithstanding her light draught. The coal consumption did not exceed 2.39 lbs. per unit of power per hour [1.45 kg coal per hour per kiloWatt]."^[11]

However by September 1886, it was decided that "due caution was not observed in certain particulars by those responsible for taking over the engines of the Phaëton from the contractors. The several officers concerned have been censured by the Admiralty, and the chief engineer has been removed from the ship."^[12]

Sea-going career

1885–1886

The December 1885 Navy List lists her as at Chatham, with her commissioned and warrant officers borne in the Pembroke as follows:^[13]

In the 1880s, what normally happened with a ship was, "the staff necessary for the efficient maintenance of the machinery is supplied by the Steam Reserve, and when orders are received to commission the ship the men who have been employed upon her are as far as possible selected to compose her engine-room staff. In the case of the Phaëton the men who had been so employed had, from various causes, been drafted away before the order was received to commission her, with the exception of three stokers who formed part of her staff. None of the accidents that subsequently occurred in the ship can be attributed to this cause."^[12]

1886–1890

The Phaeton was commissioned at Chatham by Captain William H.C. St. Clair, on 20 April 1886.^[14] Initially she was listed as on particular service. On 25 May 1886, the Phaeton had an accident with a four-barrelled Nordenfeld gun whilst the crew were at quarters and engaged at target practice. The Nordenfeldt gun had been in use, and the crew of seamen who had been engaged in firing it handed it over to a crew of Royal Marines whilst charged, instead of removing the case of cartridges. The Marine crew were engaged in training the gun fore and aft, when someone touched the lever and fired the gun, which swept the deck, at that time crowded with men, four of whom were wounded. At least four cartridges were in the gun, and the bullets went through two iron beams, and two of the ship's bulkheads. The wounded men were not struck by bullets; they were hit by splinters from the bulkheads. At the time of the occurrence the Phaeton was about a hundred miles from Plymouth, for which port she made, and on arrival at Plymouth on 27 May three of the wounded were sent to the Royal Naval Hospital for treatment:^[15]

• Allen, Able seaman, superficial neck wound ;
• Shaddick, William, boy, contused wound over spine ; and
• Gray, severe injuries to face, with loss of front teeth.^[15]

In addition the steam steering gear broke down on 25 May.^[15] The Phaeton left Plymouth on 27 May to continue her cruise.^[15] By June 1887 was serving in the Mediterranean.^[16]

In her initial months of service, the Phaeton suffered from a series of break-downs of her engines. For instance in one accident a piston-rod broke due to a manufacturing defect, and when it broke, cracked one of the cylinders.^[12]

The January 1887 Navy List listed her commissioned and warrant officers as follows:^[14]

1890–1893

Phaeton was recommissioned at Malta by Captain Reginald N. Custance on 18 March 1890.^[17] The January 1887 Navy List listed her commissioned and warrant officers as follows:^[17]

1893–1896

The Phaeton was in ordinary at Chatham from 1893 to 1896.^[18]

1896 annual manoeuvres

The Phaeton was commissioned for the 1896 annual manoeuvres on 8 July 1896, and paid off on 19 August.^[19]

1897–1900

Phaeton was commissioned at Devonport on 8 June 1897.^[20] She was present at the Naval Review on 26 June 1897 at Spithead in celebration of the Queen's Diamond Jubilee.^[15] By November 1897 she was serving on the Pacific station. At this time the British naval force on the Pacific Station consisted of:^[21]

• Armoured cruiser: Imperieuse flagship of Rear-Admiral Henry St. L.B. Palliser.^[22]
• Cruisers: Amphion, Leander, Phaeton
• Destroyers: Sparrowhawk and Virago
• Sloop: Icarus
• Gunboat: Pheasant
• Store and depôt hulk at Coquimbo: Liffey

On 1 August 1900, the Phaeton narrowly avoided colliding with the USS Iowa coming up the straits approaching Victoria (British Columbia) in a dense fog.^[23]

The July 1898 Navy List listed her commissioned and warrant officers as follows:^[24]

1900–1903

Phaeton was re-commissioned at Esquimalt (Canada) on 10 October 1900, to serve on Pacific Station.^[25][26] In July 1902 she visited Acapulco, and the following month she was at Panama.^[27] She paid off on 28 April 1903.^[26] This commission was the subject of a book in the 'Log' series, entitled: HMS Phaeton, Pacific Station, 1900–1903.

The March 1901 Navy List listed her commissioned and warrant officers as follows:^[25]

Harbour service and training hulk

The Phaeton did harbour service at Devonport from 1904 to 1913,^[3] where she was used for training stokers and seamen. Her officers were borne on the books of HMS Vivid.^[28]

In 1913 her "stripped out hull" was sold for £15,000 to a charitable institution that ran a training ship for boys based at Liverpool. The charity was founded in 1864 by John Clint, a Liverpool shipowner, with the aim of training the sons of sailors, destitute and orphaned boys to become merchant seamen. The charity's first training ship was the former HMS Indefatigable, an old wooden frigate which served the charity as TS Indefatigable from 1864 to 1914. Mr Frank Bibby, gave the charity money to buy the Phaeton and to refit her at Birkenhead as a training ship. The Phaeton was renamed TS Indefatigable and moored off New Ferry in Liverpool on 15 January 1914. The previous Indefatigable had been condemned by the Inspector of Training Ships in 1912 as unfit,^[29] and was towed to the West Float at Birkenhead on 5 January 1914, and sold for scrap on 26 March.^[3][30][31] The figurehead of William IV from the old Indefatigable was transferred to the ex-Phaeton.^[29] An Admiralty warrant for a Blue Ensign defaced with a liver bird for TS Indefatigable was issued on 31 December 1927.^[32]

"Life on board was tough. Breakfast consisted of one slice of bread and margarine washed down with 'cocoa flush' which had been prepared in the galley by dropping solid slabs of cocoa, unsweetened, in a cauldron of boiling water. The liquid was drawn off into kettles which were lowered to the mess decks where the boys drank it from basins. Cups were never seen on board! Dinner consisted of varieties of 'buzz'. There was pea buzz, Irish buzz and mystery buzz. Buzzes were neither soups nor stews but had the characteristics of both and were served in the same basins as the cocoa flush. A small pile of broken ship's biscuits was placed beside each plate. Boiled cod was the 'treat' on Fridays!"^[29]

The Phaeton served as TS Indefatigable until 1941, when due to German bombing of English towns, both the TS Indefatigable and the TS Conway were ordered to be evacuated. The charity committee decided that the time had come to move the training ship to a shore base, it moved for a time to a temporary base in North Wales. The Indefatigable (ex-Phaeton) was then sold to a Preston firm for scrap.^[30][33]

However, she was repurchased by the Admiralty in 1941 and renamed Carrick II, and served as an accommodation hulk at Gourock throughout World War II.^[3][30]

In 1946 she was sold for breaking up to Thos W Ward's in Preston, where she arrived on 24 January 1947.^[3][30]

See also

• E. Chambré Hardman Archive – photo of Training Ship Indefatigable (ex-Phaeton) in 1930

Footnotes

1. ↑ Lyon & Winfield The Sail and Steam Navy List, All the Ships of the Royal Navy 1815–1889 pages 270–271
2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905, page 75.
3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 www.worldnavalships.com Leander class
4. ↑ The Phaeton's first logbook covers 20 April 1886 to 2 November 1887, and is UK National Archives catalogue reference ADM 53/14963
5. ↑ The Phaeton's final logbook covers 25 March 1902 to 28 April 1903, and is UK National Archives catalogue reference ADM 53/24832
6. ↑ Navy List,December 1884, page 230.
7. 1 2 3 4 5 Log of HMS Leander 29 May 1885 – 22 May 1886, UK National Archives file ADM 53/14282
8. 1 2 3 Jane, All the World's Fighting Ships, 1900, page 102.
9. ↑ Conway's lists her complement as 278, which appears to be an error. See Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905, page 75.
10. ↑ Morris, Douglas, Cruisers of the Royal and Commonwealth Navies
11. ↑ Lord Brassey, The Naval Annual, 1886, pages 199–200.
12. 1 2 3 "Commons Sitting – Questions NAVY—H.M.S. "PHAETON. HC Deb 03 September 1886 vol 308 cc1193-5". Hansard: 3 September 1886. 
13. ↑ Navy List December 1885, page 229
14. 1 2 Navy List, January 1887, corrected to December 1886, page 223
15. 1 2 3 4 5 Naval Database – Phaeton, 1883
16. ↑ Navy List, July 1887, corrected to 20 June 1887, page 223.
17. 1 2 Navy List July 1890, corrected to 20th June 1890, page 239
18. ↑ The Catalogue of the UK National Archives has no logs for the Phaëton for the period 26 August 1893 to 7 July 1896.
19. ↑ The Catalogue of the UK National Archives has a log for the Phaeton for the period 8 July to 19 August 1896, catalogue reference ADM 53/14971.
20. ↑ The Catalogue of the UK National Archives has logs for the Phaeton covering 8 June 1897 to 1 September 1900, catalogue references ADM 53/14972 to 14975.
21. ↑ Navy List 1898, corrected to 13th December 1897, page 193.
22. ↑ Navy List 1898, corrected to 13th December 1897, page 191. Rear-Admiral Henry St. L.B. Palliser was appointed 5 March 1896, and assumed command 19 June 1896.
23. ↑ New York Times, Warships Nearly Collide; H.M.S. Phaeton and the Iowa Only Just Escape a Disaster., 2 August 1900.
24. ↑ Navy List, July 1898, corrected to 18 June 1898, page 279.
25. 1 2 Navy List, March 1901, corrected to 18 February 1901, page 290-291
26. 1 2 The Catalogue of the UK National Archives has logs for the Phaeton covering 10 October 1900 to 28 April 1903, catalogue references ADM 53/14976 and 24832
27. ↑ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times (36833). London. 30 July 1902. p. 10. 
28. ↑ Navy List, July 1911, pages 395 and 420.
29. 1 2 3 Nuffield Centre, History – A short history of Plas Llanfair and of the training centre ‘Indefatigable’.
30. 1 2 3 4 Indefatigable Old Boys Association
31. ↑ E. Chambré Hardman Archive – Training Ship Indefatigable – TS Indefatigable events and eventual closure
32. ↑ www.nationalflaggen.de Training Ship Indefatigable
33. ↑ E. Chambré Hardman Archive – Training Ship Indefatigable

Logbooks in the UK National Archives

External links

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