Human endogenous retrovirus K

Human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) is a family of human endogenous retroviruses associated with malignant tumors of the testes.[1] HERV-K is also found in apes and Old World monkeys.

In 1999 Barbulescu, et al. showed that, of ten HERV-K proviruses cloned, eight were unique to humans, while one was shared with chimpanzees and bonobos, and one with chimpanzees, bonobos and gorillas.[2]

In 2015 Grow et al. demonstrated that HERV-K is transcribed during embryogenesis from the eight cell stage up to the stem cell derivation.[3] Furthermore, overexpression of the HERV-K accessory protein Rec increases IFITM1 levels on the cell surface and inhibits viral infection.[3][4]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Boeke JD, Stoye JP (1997). JM Coffin; SH Hughes; HE Varmus, eds. Retrotransposons, endogenous retroviruses, and the evolution of retroelements. Retroviruses. Cold Spring Harbor, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. pp. 343–435.
  2. ↑ Madalina Barbulescu; Geoffrey Turner; Michael I. Seaman†; Amos S. Deinard‡§; Kenneth K. Kidd; Jack Lenz (1999). "Many human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) proviruses are unique to humans" (PDF). Current Biology. 9: 861–8. PMID 10469592. doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(99)80390-x.
  3. 1 2 Edward J. Grow; Ryan A. Flynn; Shawn L. Chavez; Nicholas L. Bayless; Mark Wossidlo; Daniel J. Wesche; Lance Martin; Carol B. Ware; Catherine A. Blish; Howard Y. Chang; Renee A. Reijo Pera; Joanna Wysocka (11 June 2015). "Intrinsic retroviral reactivation in human preimplantation embryos and pluripotent cells". Nature. 522: 221–5. PMC 4503379 Freely accessible. PMID 25896322. doi:10.1038/nature14308.
  4. ↑ Hanke K, Hohn O, Bannert N (January–February 2016). "HERV-K(HML-2), a seemingly silent subtenant – but still waters run deep". APMIS. 124 (1–2): 67–87. PMID 26818263. doi:10.1111/apm.12475.

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