Intel HD and Iris Graphics

Intel HD and Iris Graphics
API support
Direct3D Direct3D 10.1+ (see capabilities)[1]
Shader Model 4.1+ (see capabilities)[1]
OpenCL Depending on version (see capabilities)[1]
OpenGL OpenGL 2.1+ (see capabilities)[1][2][3]
Vulkan Depending on version
History
Predecessor Intel GMA
Core i5 processor with integrated HD Graphics 2000

Intel HD Graphics is a series of integrated graphics processors (IGPs) introduced by Intel in 2010 that are manufactured on the same package or die as the central processing unit (CPU).

Intel Iris Graphics and Intel Iris Pro Graphics are the IGP series introduced in 2013 with some models of Haswell processors as the high-performance versions of HD Graphics. Iris Pro Graphics was the first in the series to incorporate embedded DRAM.[4]

In the fourth quarter of 2013, Intel integrated graphics represented, in units, 65% of all PC graphics processor shipments.[5] However, this percentage does not represent actual adoption as a number of these shipped units end up in systems outfitted with discrete graphics cards.

History

Before the introduction of Intel HD Graphics, Intel integrated graphics were built into the motherboard's northbridge, as part of the Intel's Hub Architecture. They were known as Intel Extreme Graphics and Intel GMA. As part of the Platform Controller Hub (PCH) design, the northbridge was eliminated and graphics processing was moved to the same die as the central processing unit (CPU).

The previous Intel integrated graphics solution, Intel GMA, had a reputation of lacking performance and features, and therefore was not considered to be a good choice for more demanding graphics applications, such as 3D gaming. The performance increases brought by Intel's HD Graphics made the products competitive with integrated graphics adapters made by its rivals, Nvidia and ATI/AMD.[6] Intel HD Graphics, featuring minimal power consumption that is important in laptops, was capable enough that PC manufacturers often stopped offering discrete graphics options in their low-end and mid-range laptop lines.

Generations

Intel HD and Iris Graphics are divided into generations, and within each generation are divided into 'tiers' of increasing performance, denominated by the 'GTx' label.

Westmere

In January 2010, Clarkdale and Arrandale processors with Ironlake graphics were released, and branded as Celeron, Pentium, or Core with HD Graphics. There was only one specification:[7] 12 execution units, up to 43.2 GFLOPS at 900 MHz.

Sandy Bridge

In January 2011, the Sandy Bridge processors were released, introducing the "second generation" HD Graphics:

Model number Tier Execution units Clock speed (MHz) GFLOPS
HD Graphics GT1 6 1000 48
HD Graphics 2000 GT1 6 1350 64.8
HD Graphics 3000 GT2 12 1350 129.6

Celeron and Pentium have Intel HD, while Core i3 and above have either HD 2000 or HD 3000. HD Graphics 2000 and 3000 include hardware video encoding and HD postprocessing effects.

Ivy Bridge

On 24 April 2012, Ivy Bridge was released, introducing the "third generation" of Intel's HD graphics:[8]

Model number Tier Execution units Clock speed (MHz) GFLOPS
HD Graphics GT1 6 1000 96
HD Graphics 2500 GT1 6 1150 110.4
HD Graphics 4000 GT2 16 1300 332.8

Celeron and Pentium have Intel HD, while Core i3 and above have either HD 2500 or HD 4000. HD Graphics 2500 and 4000 include hardware video encoding and HD postprocessing effects.

For some low-power mobile CPUs there is limited video decoding support, while none of the desktop CPUs have this limitation.

Haswell

On 12 September 2012, Haswell CPUs were announced, with four models of integrated GPUs:

Market Model number Tier Execution units eDRAM (MB) Clock speed (MHz) GFLOPS
Consumer HD Graphics GT1 10 – 1150 184
HD Graphics 4200 GT2 20 – 850 272
HD Graphics 4400 GT2 20 – 950–1150 304–368
HD Graphics 4600 GT2 20 – 900–1350 288–432
HD Graphics 5000 GT3 40 – 1000–1100 640–768
Iris Graphics 5100 GT3 40 – 1100–1200 704–768
Iris Pro Graphics 5200 GT3e 40 128 1200 832
Server HD Graphics P4600 GT2 20 – 1200–1250 384–400
HD Graphics P4700 GT2 20 – 1250–1300 400–416
Intel Haswell i7-4771 CPU, which contains integrated HD Graphics 4600 (GT2)

The 128 MB of eDRAM in the Iris Pro GT3e is on the same package as the CPU, but in a separate die manufactured in a different process. Intel refers to this as a Level 4 cache, available to both CPU and GPU, naming it Crystalwell. Linux support for this eDRAM is expected in kernel version 3.12, by making the drm/i915 driver aware and capable of using it.[9][10][11]

Integrated Iris Pro Graphics was adopted by Apple for their late-2013 15-inch MacBook Pro laptops (with Retina Display), which for the first time in the history of the series did not have discrete graphics cards, although only for the low-end model.[12] It was also included on the late-2013 21.5-inch iMac.[13]

Broadwell

In November 2013, it was announced that Broadwell-K desktop processors (aimed at enthusiasts) will also carry Iris Pro Graphics.[14]

The following models of integrated GPU are announced for Broadwell processors:[15]

Market Model number Tier Execution units eDRAM (MB) Clock speed (MHz) GFLOPS
Consumer HD Graphics GT1 12 – 850 163.2
HD Graphics 5300 GT2 24 – 900 345.6
HD Graphics 5500 GT2 24 – 950 364.8
HD Graphics 5600 GT2 24 – 1050 403.2
HD Graphics 6000 GT3 48 – 1000 768
Iris Graphics 6100 GT3 48 – 1100 844.8
Iris Pro Graphics 6200 GT3e 48 128 1150 883.2
Server HD Graphics P5700 GT2 24 – 1000 384
Iris Pro Graphics P6300 GT3e 48 128 1150 883.2

Airmont / Braswell

Model number CPU model Tier Execution units Clock speed (MHz)
HD Graphics 400 E8000 GT1 12 320
N30xx 320–600
N31xx 320–640
J3xxx 320–700
HD Graphics 405 N37xx 16 400–700
J37xx 18 400–740

Skylake

The Skylake line of processors, launched in August 2015, retires VGA support, while supporting multi-monitor setups of up to three monitors connected via HDMI 1.4, DisplayPort 1.2 or Embedded DisplayPort (eDP) 1.3 interfaces.[16][17]

The following models of integrated GPU are available or announced for the Skylake processors:[18][19]

Market Model number Tier Execution units eDRAM (MB) Clock speed (MHz) GFLOPS
Consumer HD Graphics 510 GT1 12 – 950 182.4
HD Graphics 515 GT2 24 – 1000 384
HD Graphics 520 GT2 24 – 1050 403.2
HD Graphics 530 GT2 24 – 1150[16] 441.6
Iris Graphics 540 GT3e 48 64 1050 806.4
Iris Graphics 550 GT3e 48 64 1100 844.8
Iris Pro Graphics 580 GT4e 72 128 1000 1152
Server HD Graphics P530 GT2 24 – 1150 441.6
Iris Pro Graphics P555 GT3e 48 128 1000[20] 768
Iris Pro Graphics P580 GT4e 72 128 1000 1152

Goldmont

Model number CPU model Tier Execution units Clock speed (MHz)
HD Graphics 500 E3930 GT1 12 400–550
E3940 400–600
N3350 200–650
N3450 200–700
J3355 250–700
J3455 250–750
HD Graphics 505 E3950 18 500–650
N4200 200–750
J4205 250–800

Kaby Lake

New Features: fast 4K UHD, VP9 and more H.265, "360-degree video clips up to 15 times faster"[21]

Market Model number Tier Execution units eDRAM (MB) Base clock (MHz) Boost clock (MHz) GFLOPS Used in
Consumer HD Graphics 610 GT1 12 - 300−350 900−1100 ≈ 200 Desktop Celeron, Desktop Pentium G45**, i3-7101
HD Graphics 615 GT2 24 − 300 900–1050 345.6 – 403.2 m3-7Y30, i5-7Y54, i7-7Y75
HD Graphics 620 1000–1050 384 – 403.2 i3-7100U, i5-7200U, i5-7300U, i7-7500U, i7-7600U
HD Graphics 630 350 1000–1150 384 − 441.6 Desktop Pentium G46**, i3, i5 and i7, and Laptop H-series i3, i5 and i7
Iris Plus Graphics 640 GT3e 48 64 300 950–1050 729.6 − 806.4 i5-7260U, i5-7360U, i7-7560U, i7-7660U
Iris Plus Graphics 650 1050–1150 806.4 − 883.2 i3-7167U, i5-7267U, i5-7287U, i7-7567U

Coffee Lake

New Features:

Market Model number Tier Execution units eDRAM (MB) Base clock (MHz) Boost clock (MHz) GFLOPS Used in
Consumer UHD Graphics xxx GT1 12 -
UHD Graphics xxx GT2 24 –
UHD Graphics xxx
UHD Graphics xxx

Cannonlake

New Features: 10nm Gen 10 GPU microarchitecture[22][23]

Market Model number Tier Execution units eDRAM (MB) Base clock (MHz) Boost clock (MHz) GFLOPS Used in
Consumer UHD Graphics xxx GT1 24 -
UHD Graphics xxx GT2 40 –
UHD Graphics xxx
UHD Graphics xxx

Icelake

New Features: 10nm Gen 11 GPU microarchitecture

Tigerlake

New Features: 10nm Gen 12 GPU microarchitecture

Features

Intel Insider

Beginning with Sandy Bridge, the graphics processors include a form of digital copy protection and digital rights management (DRM) called Intel Insider, which allows decryption of protected media within the processor.[24][25] Previously there was a similar technology called Protected Audio Video Path (PAVP).

Intel Quick Sync Video

Intel Quick Sync Video is Intel's hardware video encoding and decoding technology, which is integrated into some of the Intel CPUs. The name "Quick Sync" refers to the use case of quickly transcoding ("syncing") a video from, for example, a DVD or Blu-ray Disc to a format appropriate to, for example, a smartphone. Quick Sync was introduced with the Sandy Bridge CPU microarchitecture on 9 January 2011.

Graphics Virtualization Technology

Graphics Virtualization Technology was announced 1 January 2014 and is supported by Iris Pro GPUs.[26]

Multiple monitors

Ivy Bridge

HD 2500 and HD 4000 GPUs in Ivy Bridge CPUs are advertised as supporting three active monitors, but many users have found that this does not work for them due to the chipsets only supporting two active monitors in many common configurations. The reason for this is that the chipsets only include two phase-locked loops (PLLs); a PLL generates a pixel clock at a certain frequency which is used to sync the timings of data being transferred between the GPU and displays.[27]

Therefore, three simultaneously active monitors can only be achieved by a hardware configuration that requires only two unique pixel clocks, such as:

Haswell

ASRock Z87- and H87-based motherboards support three displays simultaneously.[30] Asus H87-based motherboards are also advertised to support three independent monitors at once.[31]

Capabilities

Micro-
architecture 		Brand Graphics Vulkan OpenGL Direct3D HLSL shader model OpenCL
"Core" "Pentium" "Celeron" Gen Graphics brand Linux Windows Linux Windows Linux Windows Linux Windows
Westmere i3/5/7-xxx (G/P)6000 and U5000 P4000 and U3000 5th[32] HD N/A 2.1 N/A 10.1[1] 4.1 N/A
Sandy Bridge i3/5/7-2000 (B)900, (G)800 and (G)600 (B)800, (B)700, G500 and G400 6th[33] HD 3000 and 2000 3.3[34] 3.1[1]
Ivy Bridge i3/5/7-3000 (G)2000 and A1018 G1600, 1000 and 900 7th[35][36] HD 4000 and 2500 1.0 N/A 4.2[37] 4.0[1][38] 11.0 5.0 1.2 1.2[39]
Silvermont N/A J2000, N3500 and A1020 J1000 and N2000 HD Graphics (Bay Trail)[40]
Haswell i3/5/7-4000 (G)3000 G1800 and 2000 7.5th[41] HD 5000, 4600, 4400 and 4200; Iris Pro 5200, Iris 5200 and 5100 4.5[42] 4.3[43] 12 (fl 11_1)
Broadwell i3/5/7-5000 3800 3700 and 3200 8th[44] Iris Pro 6200[45] and P6300, Iris 6100[46] and HD 6000,[47] P5700, 5600,[48] 5500,[49] 5300[50] and HD Graphics (Broadwell)[51] 4.4[1] 2.0
Airmont N/A N3700 N3000, N3050, N3150 HD Graphics (Braswell),[52] based on Broadwell graphics 11.2
(J/N)3710 (J/N)3010, 3060, 3160 (rebranded)
HD Graphics 400, 405
Skylake i3/5/7-6000 (G)4000 3900 and 3800 9th HD 510, 515, 520, 530 and 535; Iris 540 and 550; Iris Pro 580 1.0 4.5 12 (fl 12_1) 5.1 2.0[53]
Goldmont N/A (J/N)4xxx (J/N)3xxx HD Graphics 500, 505
Kaby Lake m3/i3/5/7-7000 TBA TBA 9.5th[54] HD 610, 615, 620, 630, Iris Plus 640, Iris Plus 650 2.1
Coffee Lake i5/7-8000 TBA TBA

OpenCL 2.1 and 2.2 possible with software Update on OpenCL 2.0 Hardware (Broadwell+) with Future software updates.[55]

While Mesa does support Direct3D 9.3, this is only implemented for Gallium3D-style drivers and not for the Mesa Intel driver.

Capabilities (GPU video acceleration)

Intel developed a dedicated SIP core which implements multiple video decompression and compression algorithms branded Intel Quick Sync Video. Some are implemented completely, some only partially.

Hardware-accelerated algorithms

hardware-accelerated video compression and decompression algorithms present in Intel Quick Sync Video
CPU's
microarchitecture 		Steps video compression and decompression algorithms
H.265
(HEVC) 		H.264
(MPEG-4 AVC) 		H.262
(MPEG-2) 		VC-1/WMV9 JPEG
/
MJPEG 		VP8 VP9
Westmere[56] Decode ✘ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✘ ✘ ✘
Encode ✘ ✘ ✘
Sandy Bridge Decode Profiles ✘ ConstrainedBaseline, Main, High, StereoHighSimple, MainSimple, Main, Advanced ✘
Levels
Max. resolution
EncodeProfiles ConstrainedBaseline, Main, High ✘
Levels
Max. resolution
Ivy Bridge Decode Profiles ✘ ConstrainedBaseline, Main, High, StereoHighSimple, MainSimple, Main, AdvancedBaseline ✘ ✘
Levels
Max. resolution
EncodeProfiles ConstrainedBaseline, Main, HighSimple, Main ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘
Levels
Max. resolution
Haswell Decode Profiles Partial 8-bit[57] Main, High, SHP, MHPMainSimple, Main, AdvancedBaseline ✘ ✘
Levels 4.1Main, HighHigh, 3
Max. resolution 1080/60p1080/60p 16k×16k
Encode Profiles ✘ Main, High Main ✘ Baseline ✘ ✘
Levels 4.1High -
Max. resolution1080/60p1080/60p16k×16k
Broadwell[58][59] Decode Profiles Partial 8-bit & 10-bit[57] MainSimple, Main, Advanced0Partial[57]
LevelsMain, HighHigh, 3Unified
Max. resolution1080/60p1080p
Encode Profiles ✘ Main - ✘ ✘ ✘
Levels Main, High
Max. resolution 1080/60p
Skylake[60] Decode Profiles MainMain, High, SHP, MHPMainSimple, Main, AdvancedBaseline00
Levels5.15.1Main, HighHigh, 3UnifiedUnifiedUnified
Max. resolution2160/60p2160/60p1080/60p3840×384016k×16k1080p4k/24p@15Mbit/s
EncodeProfilesMainMain, HighMain ✘BaselineUnified ✘
Levels5.15.1High-Unified
Max. resolution2160/60p2160/60p1080/60p16k×16k-
Kaby Lake[61] Decode Profiles Main, Main 10Main, High, MVC, StereoMainSimple, Main, AdvancedBaseline00, 2
Levels5.15.1Main, HighSimple, High, 3UnifiedUnifiedUnified
Max. resolution2160/60p2160/60p1080/60p3840×384016k×16k1080p2160p
EncodeProfilesMainMain, HighMain ✘BaselineUnifiedSupport 8 bits 4:2:0
BT.2020 may be obtained
the pre/post processing
Levels5.15.1High-Unified
Max. resolution2160/60p2160/60p1080/60p16k×16k-
Coffee Lake Decode Profiles Main, Main 10Main, High, MVC, StereoMainSimple, Main, AdvancedBaseline00, 2
Levels5.15.1Main, HighSimple, High, 3UnifiedUnifiedUnified
Max. resolution2160/60p2160/60p1080/60p3840×384016k×16k1080p2160p
EncodeProfilesMainMain, HighMain ✘BaselineUnifiedSupport 8 bits 4:2:0
BT.2020 may be obtained
the pre/post processing
Levels5.15.1High-Unified
Max. resolution2160/60p2160/60p1080/60p16k×16k-

Intel Pentium and Celeron family

Intel Pentium & Celeron family GPU video acceleration
VED
(Video Encode / Decode) 		H.265/HEVC H.264/MPEG-4 AVC MPEG-4 Visual H.263 H.262
(MPEG-2) 		VC-1/WMV9 JPEG/MJPEG VP8 VP9
Braswell[62][lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3] DecodeProfile Main CBP, Main, High Main, HighAdvanced 850 MP/s 4:2:0
640 MP/s 4:2:2
420 MP/s 4:4:4
Level55.2 High4
Max. resolution4k×2k/30p4k×2k/60p 1080/60p1080/60p4k×2k/60p1080/30p
Encode Profile ✘ CBP, Main, High Main, High ✘ 850 MP/s 4:2:0
640 MP/s 4:2:2
420 MP/s 4:4:4 		Up to 720p30
Level5.1 High
Max. resolution4k×2k/30p 1080/30p4k×2k/30p
Apollo Lake[63] DecodeProfileMain, Main 10CBP, Main, High Main, HighAdvanced1067 MP/s 4:2:0

800 MP/s 4:2:2

533 MP/s 4:4:4

 0
Level 5.1 5.2 High 4
Max. resolution 4kx2k/60p 1080p240, 4k×2k/60p 1080/60p 1080/60p 4k×2k/60p 4k×2k/60p
Encode Profile Main CBP, Main, High ✘ ✘ 1067 MP/s 4:2:0

800 MP/s 4:2:2

533 MP/s 4:4:4
Level 4 5.2
Max. resolution 4kx2k/30p 1080p240, 4k×2k/60p 4k×2k/30p 480p30 (SW only)
Gemini Lake DecodeProfileMain, Main 10CBP, Main, High Main, HighAdvanced1067 MP/s 4:2:0

800 MP/s 4:2:2

533 MP/s 4:4:4

 0, 2
Level 5.1 5.2 High 4
Max. resolution 4kx2k/60p 1080p240, 4k×2k/60p 1080/60p 1080/60p 4k×2k/60p 4k×2k/60p
Encode Profile Main CBP, Main, High ✘ ✘ 1067 MP/s 4:2:0

800 MP/s 4:2:2

533 MP/s 4:4:4
Level 4 5.2
Max. resolution 4kx2k/30p 1080p240, 4k×2k/60p 4k×2k/30p 480p30 (SW only)

Intel Atom family

Intel Atom family GPU video acceleration
VED
(Video Encode / Decode) 		H.265/HEVC H.264/MPEG-4 AVC MPEG-4 Visual H.263 H.262
(MPEG-2) 		VC-1/WMV9 JPEG/MJPEG VP8 VP9
Bay Trail-T Decode[64] Profile -Main, High Main 0-
Level-5.1 High Unified-
Max. resolution-4k×2k/30p 1080/60p4k×2k/30p4k×2k/30p1080p/60p-
Encode[64] Profile -Main, High Main----
Level-5.1 High----
Max. resolution-4k×2k/30p 1080/60p1080/30p -1080/30p -
Cherry Trail-T[65] Decode Profile Main CBP, Main, High Simple Main Advanced 1067 Mbit/s – 4:2:0

800 Mbit/s – 4:2:2
Level 5 5.2 High 4
Max. resolution 4k×2k/30p 4k×2k/60p, 1080@240p 480/30p 480/30p 1080/60p 1080/60p 4k×2k/30p 1080/30p
Encode Profile N/A Constrained Baseline, Main, High (MVC) 1067 Mbit/s – 4:2:0

800 Mbit/s – 4:2:2

 N/A
Level 5.1 (4.2)
Max. resolution 4k×2k/30p, 1080@120p 480/30p 4k×2k/30p

Documentation

Intel releases programming manuals for most of Intel HD Graphics devices via its Open Source Technology Center.[66] This allows various open source enthusiasts and hackers to contribute to driver development, and port drivers to various operating systems, without the need for reverse engineering.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ VP9 media codec GPU accelerator to be supported post TTM, for non-Windows operating systems only.
  2. ↑ Resolution details for media codec on open source Linux OS depends on platform features and drivers used. Decode/Encode features may not align to Table 8-4 that is specific to Win8.1 and Win7 operating systems.
  3. ↑ All capabilities dependent on OS. Here HW support is mentioned. For more info, see Table 8-4 on page 80 of PDF.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Supported APIs and Features for Intel Graphics Drivers". Intel. Retrieved 2016-05-19.
  2. ↑ Michael Larabel (18 October 2013). "OpenGL 3.3 Support Lands In Mesa! Possible Mesa 11.0". Phoronix.
  3. ↑ "OpenGL ES Conformant product list".
  4. ↑ "Intel Iris Pro 5200 Graphics Review: Core i7-4950HQ Tested". AnandTech. Retrieved 2014-01-12.
  5. ↑ "GPU market up—Intel and Nvidia graphics winners in Q4, AMD down". Jon Peddie Research. 2014-02-18. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
  6. ↑ "AMD Radeon HD 7310". Notebookcheck.net. 2013-01-17. Retrieved 2014-04-20.
  7. ↑ J. F. Amprimoz (2009-02-22). "The Delayed Mobile Nehalems: Clarksfield, Arrandale, and the Calpella Platform". Bright Hub. Retrieved 2014-01-15.
  8. ↑ "Intel's Official Ivy Bridge CPU Announcement Finally Live".
  9. ↑ Michael Larabel (2013-09-02). "Linux 3.12 Enables Haswell's Iris eLLC Cache Support". Phoronix. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
  10. ↑ "drm/i915: Use eLLC/LLC by default when available". kernel.org. 2013-07-16. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
  11. ↑ "drm/i915: Use Write-Through cacheing for the display plane on Iris". kernel.org. 2013-08-22. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
  12. ↑ "15-inch Retina MacBook Pro review: A tale of two laptops". Macworld. 2013-10-31. Retrieved 2014-01-12.
  13. ↑ Anand Lal Shimpi (7 October 2013). "21.5-inch iMac (Late 2013) Review: Iris Pro Driving an Accurate Display". AnandTech. Retrieved 2014-01-12.
  14. ↑ "First Details Regarding Intel "Broadwell-K" Microprocessors Emerge". X-bit labs. Retrieved 2014-01-12.
  15. ↑ "Intel will announce Broadwell U 14nm cpu at CES 2014". chinese.vr-zone.com. Retrieved 2014-06-12.
  16. 1 2 Ian Cutress (2015-08-05). "Skylake's iGPU: Intel Gen9 – The Intel 6th Gen Skylake Review: Core i7-6700K and i5-6600K Tested". AnandTech. Retrieved 2015-08-06.
  17. ↑ Michael Larabel (2014-09-10). "Intel Publishes Initial Skylake Linux Graphics Support". Phoronix. Retrieved 2014-09-16.
  18. ↑ "Khronos Products: Conformant Products". khronos.org. 2015-07-11. Retrieved 2015-08-08.
  19. ↑ Ian Cutress (2015-09-01). "Intel's Generation 9 Graphics – The Intel Skylake Mobile and Desktop Launch, with Architecture Analysis". AnandTech. Retrieved 2015-09-02.
  20. ↑ Ian Cutress (2016-05-31). "Intel Announces Xeon E3-1500 v5: Iris Pro and eDRAM for Streaming Video". AnandTech. Retrieved 2016-05-31.
  21. ↑ https://newsroom.intel.com/editorials/new-7th-gen-intel-core-processor-built-immersive-internet/
  22. ↑ http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Intel-Cannonlake-Gen10-Bringup
  23. ↑ http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Intel-Cannonlake-Mesa
  24. ↑ Knupffer, Nick. "Intel Insider – What Is It? (IS it DRM? And yes it delivers top quality movies to your PC)". Archived from the original on 2013-06-22. Retrieved 2011-02-02.
  25. ↑ Agam Shah (2011-01-06). "Intel: Sandy Bridge's Insider is not DRM". Computerworld. Retrieved 2014-03-22.
  26. ↑ "Intel® Graphics Virtualization Update".
  27. ↑ LG Nilsson (2012-03-12). "Most desktop Ivy Bridge systems won't support three displays". VRZone. Despite the fact that Intel has been banging its drums about support for up to three displays on the upcoming 7-series motherboards in combination with a shiny new Ivy Bridge based CPU, this isn't likely to be the case. The simple reason behind this is that very few, if any motherboards will sport a pair of DisplayPort connectors.
  28. 1 2 David Galus (February 2013). "Migration to New Display Technologies on Intel Embedded Platforms" (PDF). Intel. The Intel® 7 Series Chipset based platform allows for the support of up to three concurrent displays with independent or replicated content. However, this comes with the requirement that either one of the displays is eDP running off the CPU or two DP interfaces are being used off the PCH. When configuring the 2 DP interfaces from the PCH, one may be an eDP if using Port D. This limitation exists because the 7 Series Intel PCH contains only two display PLLs (the CPU has one display PLL also) which will control the clocking for the respective displays. All display types other than DP have an external variable clock frequency associated with the display resolution that is being used. The DP interface has an embedded clocking scheme that is semi- variable, either at 162 or 270 MHz depending on the bandwidth required. Therefore, Intel only allows sharing of a display PLL with DP related interfaces.
  29. ↑ Michael Larabel (2011-10-06). "Details On Intel Ivy Bridge Triple Monitor Support". Phoronix. A limitation of this triple monitor support for Ivy Bridge is that two of the pipes need to share a PLL. Ivy Bridge has three planes, three pipes, three transcoders, and three FDI (Flexible Display Interface) interfaces for this triple monitor support, but there's only two pipe PLLs. This means that two of the three outputs need to have the same connection type and same timings. However, most people in a triple monitor environment will have at least two — if not all three — of the monitors be identical and configured the same, so this shouldn't be a terribly huge issue.
  30. ↑ "Z87E-ITX". ASRock. This motherboard supports Triple Monitor. You may choose up to three display interfaces to connect monitors and use them simultaneously.
  31. ↑ "H87I-PLUS". Asus. Connect up to three independent monitors at once using video outputs such as DisplayPort, Mini DisplayPort, HDMI, DVI, or VGA. Choose your outputs and set displays to either mirror mode or collage mode.
  32. ↑ "IntelGraphicsDriver". X.org. Retrieved 2015-06-18.
  33. ↑ http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/datasheets/2nd-gen-core-desktop-vol-1-datasheet.pdf
  34. ↑ Michael Larabel (2014-09-20). "OpenGL 3.3 / GLSL 3.30 Lands For Intel Sandy Bridge On Mesa". Phoronix.
  35. ↑ "Desktop 3rd Gen Intel Core Processor Family: Datasheet, Vol. 1". Intel. Retrieved 2015-06-18.
  36. ↑ "Intel Pentium Processor N3500-series, J2850, J2900, and Intel Celeron Processor N2900-series, N2800-series, J1800-series, J1900, J1750 – Datasheet" (PDF). Intel. 2014-11-01. p. 19. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
  37. ↑ Francisco Jerez (14 April 2017). "mark GL_ARB_vertex_attrib_64bit and OpenGL 4.2 as supported by i965/gen7+". freedesktop.org.
  38. ↑ "Release Notes Driver version: 15.33.22.64.3621" (PDF). 2014-06-02. Retrieved 2014-07-21.
  39. ↑ http://downloadmirror.intel.com/24593/eng/ReleaseNotes_GFX_15.33.32.64.4061.pdf
  40. ↑ "Intel HD Graphics (Bay Trail)". notebookcheck.net. Retrieved 2016-01-26.
  41. ↑ http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/datasheets/4th-gen-core-family-desktop-vol-1-datasheet.pdf
  42. ↑ Michael Larabel (16 January 2017). "Mesa 17.0 Git Lands OpenGL 4.5 Support For Intel Haswell". Phoronix.
  43. ↑ "Release Notes Driver version: 15.36.3.64.3907" (PDF). 2014-09-07. Retrieved 2014-09-05.
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