Shahzada (Taliban commander)

Mullah Shahzada Akhund is a Taliban field commander who was held in extrajudicial detention in Guantanamo. He used a false name, Mohammed Yusif Yaqub, and pretended to be an innocent civilian.

He succeeded in convincing the Americans that he posed no threat and was released. He subsequently rejoined the Taliban, fighting the U.S. forces in Afghanistan. He died in combat in 2004.

Prior to United States invasion of Afghanistan

Shahzada was from Mira Khor, a small village in the Maywand district of Kandahar Province, southern Afghanistan. He was from the Tarakai tribe, and his father was Mohammad Gul Aka.^[1] He may have been born in 1960.^[a] He was educated at a madrassa in Pakistan.^[1]

In 2001, a Mullah Shahzada was reported as a member of the Taliban delegation charged with responsibility over the destruction of statues.^[2] The term mullah is primarily understood in the Muslim world as a term of respect for an educated religious man.^[3][4] There was at least one other contemporary "Mullah Shahzada" active in the Taliban in Afghanistan.^[*]

A report by the U.N. Commission on Human Rights, identified a Mullah Shahzad Kandahari ("Kandahari" refers to Kandahar) as being involved in a massacre in Rabatak, in Samangan province.^[5] According to a human rights organisations, he was the commander of Khinjan front, north of Kabul, and it is alleged that he was responsible for the execution of thirty-one civilian detainees near the Rabatak pass in May 2000.^[6][7] The following year, in January 2001, following the Taliban recapture of Yakawlang in Bamyan province from the United Front, the U.N. alleged he was involved in the killing of several hundred civilians, including a U.N staff member and a number of aid agency workers.^[8]

United States invasion of Afghanistan

Following the United States invasion of Afghanistan, and the surrender of the Taliban forces holding Kunduz, in northern Afghanistan, Shahzada was captured by Northern Alliance forces on 26 November 2001.^[9] He pretended to be an innocent rug merchant captured by mistake and used a false name,^[10] Mohammed Yusif Yaqub.^[11] In reality, he had been a Taliban officer during the invasion.^[10] He was transported to Sheberghan Prison, where he was held for seven weeks, before being handed over to the United States at Kandahar. He was later transferred to Guantanamo Bay detention camp, arriving on 15 June 2002, where he was given the Internment Serial Number (ISN) 367.^[9]

During his time in Guantanamo, he was consistent and stuck to his cover story about being a rug merchant.^[10] Ultimately, he was successful in convincing the American authorities that he was not a Taliban leader, and that he did not pose a threat to U.S. interests, and in December 2002 was recommended for release. This occurred on 8 May 2003,^[11] and he was flown to Kabul.^[12] Gul Agha Sherzai, the post-Taliban governor of Kandahar, has said that Afghan offers of help in identifying known Talibans, which might have shown Shahzada's cover story to be false, were repeatedly rejected.^[13]

Once back in Afghanistan, he returned to combat as a commander, recruiting fighters using stories of his supposed poor treatment at the hands of the Americans in Guanatanamo as a recruiting tool. He was also behind a significant prison break:^[13] in October 2003 he arranged for forty-one Taliban prisoners to escape from Sarposa prison, including the brother of the Taliban defence minister.^[14] The New York Times reported that after his return to fighting, he was responsible for the operations that killed at least thirteen people, including two aid workers.^[10]

Newsweek named him Mullah Shahzada Akhund, describing him as a senior leader. They placed him in the Arghandab district, near Kandahar, where he met with the leader of the Taliban, Mullah Omar, ten days before his death.^[15] He died 7 May 2004.^[11] His death has variously been described as occurring in action against the U.S,^[11] and as being an accident.^[10] Newsweek, whose report is the most detailed, refers to it as a friendly-fire incident.^[15] He died in Nalgham, near Kandahar.^[1]

Other mentions of a Mullah Shahzada

Two days before the release from Guantanamo of ISN 367, who was released on 8 May 2003,^[11] the New York Times reported in an article about the resurgence of the Taliban on an interview with a "religious teacher and former fighter" named Mullah Shahzada, in Quetta, Pakistan. This Shahzada was reported as coming from Helmand province,^[16] not Kandahar province.

The People's Daily reports that a Mullah Shahzada was injured during a firefight in Helmand province in October 2005.^[17]

Notes

a. When detained at Guantanamo, Shahzada gave his birthyear as 1960. However, as he was maintaining his cover identity, this may not be accurate.^[9]

References

Taliban
Leadership	Amir al-Mu'minin Mohammed Omar Akhtar Mansour Hibatullah Akhundzada Prime Ministers Mohammad Rabbani Abdul Kabir Abdul Jalil Obaidullah Akhund Qari Ahmadullah Sirajuddin Haqqani
Government	Rise to Power Destruction of the Buddhas of Bamyan Treatment of Women Religious Police Propaganda Jirga Flag Emblem Motto
Commanders	Mullah Shahzada Mullah Dadullah Akhund Mullah Zakir
Military	Insurgency 55th Arab Brigade Conscription
Conflicts	Civil War (1996–2001) Fall of Kabul (2001) War in Afghanistan (2001—2014) War in North-West Pakistan (2004–present)
Related topics	Guest house Quetta Shura Haqqani network Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan Guantanamo detainees Islamic state Islamism Islamic law Theocracy Talibanization Waziristan