Metallothionein-3

MT3

Available structures

Human UniProt search: PDBe RCSB

List of PDB id codes
2F5H, 2FJ4, 2FJ5

Identifiers

Aliases

MT3, GIF, GIFB, GRIF, Znmetallothionein 3

External IDs

HomoloGene: 136800 GeneCards: MT3

Gene location (Human)

Chr.	Chromosome 16 (human)^[1]

Band	No data available	Start	56,589,074 bp^[1]
Band	No data available	End	56,591,088 bp^[1]

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• zinc ion binding • protein kinase activator activity • metal ion binding • cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic process • antioxidant activity • protein binding • drug binding • copper ion binding • cadmium ion binding
Cellular component	• cytoplasm • cytosol • rough endoplasmic reticulum • ribosome • astrocyte end-foot • postsynaptic density of dendrite • synaptic vesicle • plasma membrane • dendritic spine • astrocyte projection • intracellular • mitochondrial outer membrane • axon • inclusion body • perinuclear region of cytoplasm • microtubule • extracellular space
Biological process	• negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process • positive regulation of necrotic cell death • cellular lipid catabolic process • positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway • activation of protein kinase B activity • negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process • positive regulation of protein phosphorylation • positive regulation of cell death • response to hypoxia • zinc ion homeostasis • protein kinase B signaling • histone modification • leptin-mediated signaling pathway • removal of superoxide radicals • astrocyte development • ERK1 and ERK2 cascade • negative regulation of neurogenesis • regulation of response to food • protein import into nucleus, translocation • protein stabilization • zinc II ion transport • response to metal ion • negative regulation of apoptotic process • positive regulation of catalytic activity • cholesterol catabolic process • cellular response to cadmium ion • cellular metal ion homeostasis • cadmium ion homeostasis • response to oxidative stress • negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process • negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • cellular response to drug • brain development • positive regulation of gene expression • positive regulation of lysosomal membrane permeability • cellular zinc ion homeostasis • negative regulation of cell growth • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to oxidative stress • negative regulation of oxidoreductase activity • regulation of protein glycosylation • positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade • positive regulation of oxygen metabolic process • cellular response to oxidative stress • cellular response to nitric oxide • negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process • energy reserve metabolic process • cell proliferation • negative regulation of autophagy • negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • negative regulation of axon extension • negative regulation of necrotic cell death • cellular response to hypoxia • negative regulation of neuron death • apoptotic process
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


4504


n/a

Ensembl


ENSG00000087250


n/a

UniProt


P25713


n/a

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_005954


n/a

RefSeq (protein)


NP_005945


n/a

Location (UCSC)

Chr 16: 56.59 – 56.59 Mb

n/a

PubMed search

^[2]

n/a

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

Metallothionein-3 (also known as Growth Inhibitory Factor) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MT3 gene.^[3]^[4]^[5] It is a 68-amino acid peptide (20 of which are cysteine) that is abnormally under-expressed in the brains of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease.^[6] Metallothionein-3 is a member of the metallothionein family of proteins.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000087250 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
↑ Palmiter RD, Findley SD, Whitmore TE, Durnam DM (Jul 1992). "MT-III, a brain-specific member of the metallothionein gene family". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 89 (14): 6333–7. PMC 49495 . PMID 1631128. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.14.6333.
↑ Felizola SJ, Nakamura Y, Arata Y, Ise K, Satoh F, Rainey WE, Midorikawa S, Suzuki S, Sasano H (Sep 2014). "Metallothionein-3 (MT-3) in the human adrenal cortex and its disorders". Endocrine Pathology. 25 (3): 229–235. PMID 24242700. doi:10.1007/s12022-013-9280-9.
↑ "Entrez Gene: MT3 metallothionein 3".
↑ Uchida, Y; Takio, K; Titani, K; Ihara, Y; Tomonaga, M (August 1991). "The growth inhibitory factor that is deficient in the Alzheimer's disease brain is a 68 amino acid metallothionein-like protein". Neuron. 7 (2): 337–347. PMID 1873033. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(91)90272-2.

Aschner M (Aug 1996). "The functional significance of brain metallothioneins". FASEB Journal. 10 (10): 1129–36. PMID 8751715.
Tsuji S, Kobayashi H, Uchida Y, Ihara Y, Miyatake T (Dec 1992). "Molecular cloning of human growth inhibitory factor cDNA and its down-regulation in Alzheimer's disease". The EMBO Journal. 11 (13): 4843–50. PMC 556960 . PMID 1464312.
Hewitt JE, Gordon MM, Taggart RT, Mohandas TK, Alpers DH (Jun 1991). "Human gastric intrinsic factor: characterization of cDNA and genomic clones and localization to human chromosome 11". Genomics. 10 (2): 432–40. PMID 2071148. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90329-D.
Amoureux MC, Wurch T, Pauwels PJ (Sep 1995). "Modulation of metallothionein-III mRNA content and growth rate of rat C6-glial cells by transfection with human 5-HT1D receptor genes". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 214 (2): 639–45. PMID 7677777. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.2334.
Naruse S, Igarashi S, Furuya T, Kobayashi H, Miyatake T, Tsuji S (Jul 1994). "Structures of the human and mouse growth inhibitory factor-encoding genes". Gene. 144 (2): 283–7. PMID 8039715. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90391-3.
Moffatt P, Séguin C (Jun 1998). "Expression of the gene encoding metallothionein-3 in organs of the reproductive system". DNA and Cell Biology. 17 (6): 501–10. PMID 9655243. doi:10.1089/dna.1998.17.501.
Garrett SH, Sens MA, Shukla D, Nestor S, Somji S, Todd JH, Sens DA (Nov 1999). "Metallothionein isoform 3 expression in the human prostate and cancer-derived cell lines". The Prostate. 41 (3): 196–202. PMID 10517878. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0045(19991101)41:3<196::AID-PROS7>3.0.CO;2-U.
Ye B, Maret W, Vallee BL (Feb 2001). "Zinc metallothionein imported into liver mitochondria modulates respiration". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (5): 2317–22. PMC 30136 . PMID 11226237. doi:10.1073/pnas.041619198.
Kim D, Garrett SH, Sens MA, Somji S, Sens DA (Feb 2002). "Metallothionein isoform 3 and proximal tubule vectorial active transport". Kidney International. 61 (2): 464–72. PMID 11849386. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00153.x.
Palumaa P, Eriste E, Njunkova O, Pokras L, Jörnvall H, Sillard R (May 2002). "Brain-specific metallothionein-3 has higher metal-binding capacity than ubiquitous metallothioneins and binds metals noncooperatively". Biochemistry. 41 (19): 6158–63. PMID 11994011. doi:10.1021/bi025664v.
Uchida Y, Gomi F, Masumizu T, Miura Y (Aug 2002). "Growth inhibitory factor prevents neurite extension and the death of cortical neurons caused by high oxygen exposure through hydroxyl radical scavenging". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (35): 32353–9. PMID 12058024. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111263200.
You HJ, Lee KJ, Jeong HG (Jun 2002). "Overexpression of human metallothionein-III prevents hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in human fibroblasts". FEBS Letters. 521 (1-3): 175–9. PMID 12067712. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02870-3.
Roschitzki B, Vasák M (Jun 2002). "A distinct Cu(4)-thiolate cluster of human metallothionein-3 is located in the N-terminal domain". Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry. 7 (6): 611–6. PMID 12072966. doi:10.1007/s00775-002-0339-1.
Dutta R, Sens DA, Somji S, Sens MA, Garrett SH (Jul 2002). "Metallothionein isoform 3 expression inhibits cell growth and increases drug resistance of PC-3 prostate cancer cells". The Prostate. 52 (2): 89–97. PMID 12111700. doi:10.1002/pros.10097.
Tate DJ, Miceli MV, Newsome DA (Jan 2002). "Expression of metallothionein isoforms in human chorioretinal complex". Current Eye Research. 24 (1): 12–25. PMID 12187490. doi:10.1076/ceyr.24.1.12.5426.
You HJ, Oh DH, Choi CY, Lee DG, Hahm KS, Moon AR, Jeong HG (Oct 2002). "Protective effect of metallothionein-III on DNA damage in response to reactive oxygen species". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1573 (1): 33–8. PMID 12383939. doi:10.1016/s0304-4165(02)00325-2.

PDB gallery

2f5h: Solution structure of the alpha-domain of human Metallothionein-3

2fj4: SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF a-domain of HUMAN Metallothionein-3 (MT-3)

2fj5: SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF sole a-domain of HUMAN Metallothionein-3 (MT-3)

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Metallothionein-3

References

Further reading