Cross-border flag for Ireland

There is no cross-border flag universally accepted as representing both jurisdictions in Ireland. This can be a problem in contexts where a body organised on an all-island basis needs to be represented by a flag in an international context. The island is politically divided into the Republic of Ireland (a sovereign state comprising 26 of Ireland's 32 counties) and Northern Ireland (comprising the remaining 6 counties in the north-east of Ireland and a part of the United Kingdom), but all-island organisations are common. Examples include the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland, the Presbyterian Church in Ireland and the Church of Ireland, the Gaelic Athletic Association, and the Irish Rugby Football Union.

Saint Patrick's Saltire

Saint Patrick's Saltire

The Saint Patrick's Saltire was incorporated into the Union Flag in 1801 by way of the Act of Union 1800 to represent Ireland within the new United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Today, those who regard the tricolour as specific to the Republic of Ireland, or excluding unionists, may advocate it as a neutral symbol of the whole island.

The Church of Ireland orders that, apart from the flag of the Anglican Communion, only this saltire may be flown on its church grounds—as opposed to the tricolour, the Union Flag or the former flag of Northern Ireland. This follows the practice of other Anglican churches in England, Scotland, and Wales, which fly the flags of their respective patron saints instead of the Union Flag.^[1]

The saltire is also flown by St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, on graduation days, and so it can be argued that St. Patrick's Saltire is used by the main Protestant church on the island and the Roman Catholic Church.

Modified versions have been used formerly by the Irish Rugby Football Union, and currently by the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and the Commissioners of Irish Lights.^[2]

Irish tricolour

Flag of the Republic of Ireland

The tricolour of green, white and orange, the official flag of the state of Ireland, is considered by Irish nationalists, to represent the entire island as well. Gerry Adams said in Dáil Éireann in 2011:^[3]

Above this Chamber flies the flag of this nation — all Thirty-Two Counties — the flag of green, white and orange.

However, this symbolism is rejected by Ulster unionists, as illustrated by an exchange in the House of Commons of Northern Ireland in 1951:^[4]

• James McSparran (Nationalist Party): The tricolour is admitted by all nations within the comity of nations to be the national flag of Ireland.
• Honorable members: No.
• McSparran: We are having interruptions already. It is the national flag of the Irish Republic.
• William May (Ulster Unionist Party): That is better.

The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) flies this flag at matches regardless of whether either or both teams are from Northern Ireland. It is also used for the Ireland international rules football team, selected by the GAA on an all-island basis.

The Golfing Union of Ireland covers the whole island and competes under the tricolour in international events such as the World Cup, Alfred Dunhill Cup and the Eisenhower Trophy.^[5]

Four Provinces flag

The Four Provinces flag is composed of the flags of (clockwise from top left) Munster, Connacht, Leinster, and Ulster.

The Erne flag

The four provinces flag is a quartering of the arms of the four provinces of Ireland. The order of the provinces varies.

Erne flag

This flag was initially used on the Shannon–Erne Waterway, which is bisected by the border. Rather than flying a national flag, boats fly this green, white and blue flag.^[6] It is endorsed by the Inland Waterways Association of Ireland, an all-island organisation.^[7]

Harp flags

Presidential Standard of the President of Ireland

Quarter of the Royal Standard

The harp (or cláirseach) has long been a symbol of Ireland. It first featured on Irish coins in the reign of Henry VIII around 1534.^[8] During the seventeenth and eighteenth century, the harp became adorned with progressively more decoration, ultimately becoming a "winged maiden".^[9][10] In the nineteenth century, the Maid of Erin, a personification of Ireland, was a woman holding a more realistic harp than the "winged maiden". This style of harp was then also used in Irish flags. The harp on the modern coat of arms of the Republic of Ireland is modelled on the "Brian Boru" harp in the library of Trinity College, Dublin, as it appeared after an 1840s restoration.

Blue harp flag

The lower left quadrant of the Royal Standard of the United Kingdom has featured a harp on a blue field, representing Ireland since 1603.^[8] The current version, designed in 1953, uses a winged-maiden harp and consists of a golden cláirseach with silver strings on a blue background. The shade of blue in the field was known as Saint Patrick's Blue when used in 1783 for the regalia of the Order of Saint Patrick.^[11]

Green harp flag

Naval jack of Ireland

The change from blue to green is associated with the United Irishmen, an Irish nationalist movement associated with both Catholic and Protestant Irish — its leader Wolfe Tone was Protestant; green was a colour of rebellion in the eighteenth century.^[12] This was a common flag used to represent Ireland during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It consisted of a gold cláirseach on a green background. It was associated with moderate nationalism at a time when the tricolour was confined to more radical movements. It is the same as the modern Flag of Leinster.

Sporting flags

Ireland cricket team flag

Ireland hockey team flag

Several all-island sporting organisations send representative teams to compete internationally. In some cases, a flag unique to that organisation is used in lieu of a national flag. Typically such flags include one of the traditional symbols of Ireland.

The Ireland cricket team, which competes in One Day International tournaments, uses a blue flag depicting shamrocks.

The Ireland national field hockey team uses a bespoke flag with a shield quartered with the symbols of the four provinces.

Ireland rugby team flag

The Ireland rugby team's flag is a green flag containing the shields of the four provinces and the Irish Rugby Football Union's logo. At matches outside Ireland, this is the only flag displayed. At matches in Northern Ireland (typically at Ravenhill) the Flag of Ulster (yellow background) is also displayed. This is the flag of the nine-county province (including the three Ulster counties in the Republic of Ireland), similar to but distinct from the Ulster Banner (white background), the former flag of the Northern Irish government. At matches in the Republic of Ireland (typically at Lansdowne Road), the Irish tricolour is flown along with the preceding two.

Eddie Irvine, a Formula One driver from Conlig in Northern Ireland, asked for a white flag with a shamrock to be used if he secured a podium finish.^[13] There had been controversy when an Irish tricolour had been used incorrectly for him in 1997.^[13] The FIA insisted the Union Flag be used in conformance with its regulations.^[13]

See also

• "Ireland's Call", used as a national anthem for the rugby union team
• Northern Ireland flags issue

References