Great Mosque of Diyarbakır

Great Mosque of Diyarbakır
Cami-i Kebîr
Location of the mosque in Turkey.
Basic information
Location Sur, Diyarbakır, Turkey
Geographic coordinates 37°54′44″N 40°14′9″E / 37.91222°N 40.23583°E / 37.91222; 40.23583
Affiliation Islam
Country Turkey
Architectural description
Architectural type Mosque
Groundbreaking 1091
Completed 1092 (1092)

The Great Mosque of Diyarbakır (Turkish: Cami-i Kebîr),[1] Turkish: Diyarbakır Ulu Camii, Kurdish: Mizgefta Mezin a Amedê‎)[2][3][4] is the former St. Thomas Christian Church, one of the oldest churches in history. The mosque is considered by some to be the fifth holiest site in Islam.[5] It can accommodate up to 5,000 worshippers and is famous for hosting four different Islamic traditions.[6]

History

Ulu Cami (Great Mosque) in September 15, 1919

The mosque as it is known today was built in 1091 by the Seljuk ruler Malik-Shah. The design influenced by the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, used the locally found black basalt rock.[7] The mosque suffered extensive damage in a fire in 1155.

The Great Mosque of Diyarbakir is the oldest and one of the most significant mosques in Mesopotamia. Following the Muslim capture of Diyarbakir in 639, a mosque was built, but the building fell into disuse and ruin sometime later. Even after the conversion of the church into the mosque, it was used by both Muslims and Christians. In 1091 Sultan Malik Shah directed the local Seljuk governor Maidud Davla to rebuild a mosque on the site. Completed in 1092, the mosque is similar to and heavily influenced by the Umayyad Great Mosque in Damascus (which was repaired by Malik Shah in the twelfth century prior to work in Diyarbakir). The influence of the Damascus mosque brought Syrian architecture and decoration to Anatolia. The portal of the mosque is carved with two lions attacking two bulls. The mosque consists of a prayer hall which makes up the entire south wall of the courtyard, three aisles which together are more than twice as wide as they are deep. The high roof of the central hall is made of timber trusses, supported by rows of rectangular stone piers.

The mosque is actually a complex of buildings around a courtyard 63 metres (207 feet) long by 30 metres (98 feet) wide. The façade of the courtyard is highly decorated two-story colonnade on the east, south, and west sides, with only one story on the north side. The western façade, rebuilt by the Atabek Inaloglu Abu Mansur Ilaldi between 1117 and 1125 following an earthquake and fire in 1115, reuses columns and sculptural moldings from a Roman theater. The architect Hibat Allah al Gurgani was responsible for both that reconstruction and the square minaret rising above the qibla wall. Also included in the complex are the Mesudiye Medresesi (1193) and, not connected to the courtyard, the Zinciriye Medresesi (1189) . The center of the courtyard has an Ottoman (1849) sadirvan (ablution fountain) and a platform for praying; both block a clear view through the courtyard.

Many Kufic inscriptions record in detail the rebuilding and additions made to the complex throughout its long history. Lavish carving and decoration of the columns of the courtyard are one of the distinguishing features of the Great Mosque. The western arcade of the courtyard includes the first use of the broken arch.

Ulu Cami (Great Mosque) in Diyarbakır
Mosque column
Mosque column. 
Mosque column.
Mosque column 
A Quran page at the mosque
A Quran page at the mosque. 
Courtyard
Courtyard 


References

  1. ↑ Yrd. Doç. Dr. Ibrahim Yilmazçelik (1995). XIX. yüzyilin ilk yarisinda Diyarbakir. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu.
  2. ↑ Serokatiya Daîreya Çand û Turîzmê ya Sharedariya Bajarê Mezin a Amedê (2011). Rêbera geshtê ya Amedê. Istanbul: Boyut Matbaacilik.
  3. ↑ Kameel Ahmady, Richard Lim, Metin Çulhaoglu, Ilse Sturkenboom et al. (2009). East and Southeast Turkey: A traveller's Handbook. Union of Southeast Anatolia Region Municipalities (GABB). ISBN 6056051307, 671 pages.
  4. ↑ Great Mosque of Diyarbakır, archnet.org.
  5. ↑ The Southeastern Region's appeal, Zaman, 7 August 2009.
  6. ↑ "100 manuscripts found during restoration of Diyarbakır's historic Ulu Mosque". Sunday's Zaman. 2011-09-25. Retrieved 2011-10-01.
  7. ↑ Ekrem Akurgal; Léo Hilber (1980). The Art and architecture of Turkey. Rizzoli. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-8478-0273-9. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
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