Graziadio Isaia Ascoli

Graziadio Ascoli

Graziadio Isaia Ascoli.

Graziadio Isaia Ascoli.
Born 16 July 1829 (1829-07-16)
Gorizia, Austrian Empire
Died 21 January 1907 (1907-01-22) (aged 77)
Milan, Kingdom of Italy
Occupation Linguist

Graziadio Isaia Ascoli (16 July 1829[1] – 21 January 1907[2]) was an Italian[3] linguist.[4]

Life and work

Ascoli was born in an Italian-speaking Jewish family in the multiethnic town of Gorizia, then part of the Austrian Empire (now in Italy). Already as a boy, he learned some of the other languages traditionally spoken in the town, German, Friulian, Slovene and Venetian.

An autodidact, he published his first important work on the languages of the orient in 1854. In 1860, he was appointed professor of linguistics at the Accademia scientifico-letteraria in Milan and introduced the study of comparative philology, Romance studies, and Sanskrit.

He made an important contribution to the study of the relationship between Indo-European and Semitic and was pioneer in the fields of Romani language and Celtic languages.

In Italy, he is above all known for his studies of Italian dialects, which he was first to classify systematically. In the Italian language question (questione della lingua), he did not accept a standard language based on the Florentine dialect as proposed by Alessandro Manzoni, but argued for a levelling of the dialects.

He is founder of the so-called substratum theory, which explains the formation and development of languages as a result of interference with previous languages spoken by populations in question.

He died in Milan.

Political views

Ascoli considered himself foremost a Friulian of Jewish religion, but was also an Italian patriot. One of his most lasting and politically most influential contributions was the coinage of the geographical term Venezia Giulia to denote what was hitherto known as the Austrian Littoral. Ascoli suggested that northeast Italy was composed by three historically, geographically and culturally interconnected regions, which he called the Three Venices. According to his classification, these three historical-geographical regions were:

Ascoli coined these names following the internal divisions in the Italy during ancient Roman rule, and applied them to the 19th century. His geographical redefinition had a strong political implication: it was aimed at showing that the peripheral areas of the Austrian Empire were in fact gravitating towards Italy. His denomination was soon taken over by Italian irredentist who sought for the annexation of the Trentino, the Austrian Littoral, Fiume and Dalmatia to Italy.

In World War I, the terms Venezia Giulia and Venezia Tridentina became the official denominations for the new territories acquired by Italy from Austria-Hungary with the treaties of Saint Germain and Rapallo. The Kingdom of Italy used Ascoli's terms to replace the previous traditional denominations, Tyrol and Austrian Littoral. The former term fell into disuse after the fall of the Fascist regime. The latter, however, is still exists in the name of the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia. The term "Venezia Euganea", on the other hand, never gained any significant support, although it was sporadically used during the Fascist period.

Bibliography

Works published in Italian:

References

  1. ↑ , Graziadio Isaia Ascoli - Encyclopædia Britannica
  2. ↑ , Archivio glottologico italiano : Ascoli, Graziadio Isaia, 1829–1907 ...
  3. ↑ , Graziadio Isaia Ascoli - Wikiquote
  4. ↑ , Autore:Graziadio Isaia Ascoli - Wikisource
  5. ↑ , La pasitelegrafia - Graziadio Isaia Ascoli - Google Books
  6. ↑ , La pasitelegrafia by Graziadio Isaia Ascoli | LibraryThing

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