Grand Duchy of Cracow

For the Grand Duke, overlord of the Polanes, during the fragmentation of Poland (1138–1320), see Duke of Cracow.
Grand Duchy of Cracow
Großherzogtum Krakau
Wielkie Księstwo Krakowskie
Grand Duchy of Austria/Austria-Hungary
←
1846–1918 →
Flag Coat of arms
Capital Cracow
50°4′N 19°56′E / 50.067°N 19.933°E / 50.067; 19.933Coordinates: 50°4′N 19°56′E / 50.067°N 19.933°E / 50.067; 19.933
Grand Duke of Cracow¹
 • 1846–48 Ferdinand I
 • 1848–1916 Franz Joseph I
 • 1916–18 Karl I
Historical era Modern Age
 • Free City May 3, 1815
 • Annexed November 16, 1846
 • Ausgleich 1867
 • Collapse of Austria-Hungary October 31, 1918
 • Treaty of St Germain September 10, 1919
¹ Also the Emperor of Austria.
Map of the Free City of Cracow.

The Grand Duchy of Cracow[1][2] (German: Großherzogtum Krakau, Polish: Wielkie Księstwo Krakowskie) was created after the incorporation of the Free City of Cracow into Austria on November 16, 1846. The title of Grand Duke of Cracow was just a part of the official titulary of the Emperor of Austria in 1846–1918.

The Free City, a remnant of the Duchy of Warsaw, had been made a protectorate, however functionally independent, as a result of the Congress of Vienna (1815). It was under Prussian, Austrian, and Russian trilateral influence until, in the aftermath of the unsuccessful Cracow Uprising, it was annexed by the Austrian Empire in 1846.

At the same time the official name of the Austrian administrative entity containing approximately Galicia, and some Polish areas west of it, was changed to the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, and the Grand Duchy of Cracow with the Duchies of Auschwitz and Zator.

These entities (Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Cracow, Duchy of Oświęcim, and Duchy of Zator) were formally separate; they were listed each in the Austrian emperor's titles, each had its distinct coat of arms and flag. For administrative purposes, however, they formed a single province.

The Duchy had its own local government, Governorate Commission (Polish: Komisja Gubernialna).

Notes

  1. ↑ Frederic Austin Ogg: The Governments of Europe, Volume 2, 2009 p. 89
  2. ↑ "Grand Duchy of Cracow" used in many English language books

References

Territory
(major city)		 Zamosch area New Galicia
(Lublin)		 Cracow area Neu Sandez area Galicia
(Lemberg)		 Tarnopol area Bukovina
(Czernowitz)
Years western eastern
before 1769 part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth part of Moldavia
1769–1772 to Austria, ca. 1769
1772–1775 First Partition of Poland, 1772 First Partition of Poland, 1772
1775–1789 Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
including the duchies of Auschwitz and Zator;
part of the Habsburg Empire, 1772–1804; of the Austrian Empire, 1804–1867; of Cisleithania, Austria-Hungary, 1867–1918		 Bukovina Military District, 1775–1789
1789–1795 Bukovina District, 1789–1849
1795–1803 Third Partition of Poland, 1795
New Galicia (or West Galicia)
1803–1809 New Galicia merged into Galicia, 1803
1809–1815 to the Duchy of Warsaw, 1809–1815 to Russia, 1809–1815
1815–1846 to the "Congress" Kingdom of Poland, 1815–1918 Free City of Cracow, 1815–1846
1846–1849 Grand Duchy of Cracow, 1846–1918
1849–1918 Duchy of Bukovina, 1849–1918
1918–1919 to Poland, 1918 West Ukrainian People's Republic, 1918–1919 to Romania, 1918
after 1919
Galicia Other Austrian territories
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