List of Governors of Texas

Governor of Texas

=
Incumbent
Greg Abbott
since January 20, 2015
Style The Honorable
Residence Texas Governor's Mansion
Term length Four years, no term limits
Inaugural holder James Pinckney Henderson
1846
Formation Texas Constitution
Salary $150,000 (2013)[1]
Website Office of the Governor

The Governor of Texas is the chief executive of the U.S. State of Texas, the presiding officer over the executive branch of the Government of Texas, and the commander-in-chief of the Texas National Guard, the State's militia. The governor has the power to consider bills passed by the Texas Legislature, by signing them into law, or vetoing them, and in bills relating to appropriations, the power of a line-item veto. He may convene the legislature, and grant pardons and reprieves,[2] except in cases of impeachment, and upon the permission of the legislature, in cases of treason. The State provides an official residence, the Governor's Mansion in Austin. The incumbent, Greg Abbott, is the forty-eighth governor, of whom two have been women, to serve in the office since Texas' statehood in 1845.

When compared to those of other states, the Governorship of Texas has been described as one of relative weakness.[3][4] In some respects, it is the Lieutenant Governor of Texas, who presides over the Texas Senate, who possesses greater influence to exercise their prerogatives.[3][4]

The governor is inaugurated on the third Tuesday of January every four years along with the Lieutenant Governor, and serves a term of four years. Prior to the present laws, in 1845, the state's first constitution established the office of governor, serving a term of two years, but no more than four years of every six.[5] The 1861 constitution, following secession from the Union, established the first Monday of November following election as the term's start.[6] Following the end of the American Civil War, the 1866 constitution increased term length to four years, limiting overall service to no more than eight years of every twelve, moving the term's start to the first Thursday following organization of the legislature, or "as soon thereafter as practicable."[7] The constitution of 1869, enacted during Reconstruction, removed term limitations,[8] to this day making Texas one of fourteen states[9] with no limit on gubernatorial terms. The present constitution of 1876 returned terms to two years,[10] but a 1972 amendment again returned them to four.[11]

Since its establishment, only one man has served in excess of eight years as governor: Rick Perry. Perry, the longest-serving governor in state history, assumed the governorship in 2000 upon the exit of George W. Bush, who resigned to take office as the 43rd President of the United States. Perry was re-elected in 2002, 2006, and 2010 serving for 14 years before choosing to retire in 2014.

Allan Shivers assumed the governorship upon the death of Beauford Jester in July 1949 and was re-elected in 1950, 1952 and 1954, serving for 7 1/2 years, making him the second longest serving Texas governor. Price Daniel was elected to the governorship in 1956 and re-elected in 1958 and 1960 before losing his re-election for an unprecedented fourth term in the 1962 Democratic primary, missing the runoff. John Connally was elected in 1962 and re-elected in 1964 and 1966 before choosing to retire in 1968.

In the case of a vacancy in the office, the lieutenant governor becomes governor.[12] Prior to a 1999 amendment, the lieutenant governor only acted as governor until the expiration of the term to which he succeeded.[13][14]

Governors of Spanish Texas

See: List of Texas Governors and Presidents

Governors of Mexican Texas

See: List of Texas Governors and Presidents

Presidents of the Republic of Texas

See: President of the Republic of Texas#List of presidents and vice presidents

Governors of Texas

Number of Governors of Texas by party affiliation
Party Governors
Democratic 39
Republican 7
Unionist 1
Independent 1
Military 1
# Governor Picture Took office Left office Party Lt. Governor NotesTerms[15]
1 James Pinckney Henderson February 19, 1846 December 21, 1847 Democratic Albert Clinton Horton 1
2 George T. Wood December 21, 1847 December 21, 1849 Democratic John Alexander Greer 1
3 Peter Hansborough Bell December 21, 1849 November 23, 1853 Democratic John Alexander Greer (1849–51) [16]
James W. Henderson (1851–53) 1 1/2
4 James W. Henderson November 23, 1853 December 21, 1853 Democratic Vacant [17] 1/2
5 Elisha M. Pease December 21, 1853 December 21, 1857 Unionist David Catchings Dickson (1853–55) 2
Hardin Richard Runnels (1855–57)
6 Hardin R. Runnels December 21, 1857 December 21, 1859 Democratic Francis R. Lubbock 1
7 Sam Houston December 21, 1859 March 18, 1861 Independent Edward Clark [18] 1/2
8 Edward Clark
(Confederate States of America)		 March 18, 1861 November 7, 1861 Democratic Vacant [17] 1/2
9 Francis R. Lubbock
(Confederate States of America)		 November 7, 1861 November 5, 1863 Democratic John McClannahan Crockett 1
10 Pendleton Murrah
(Confederate States of America)		 November 5, 1863 June 17, 1865 Democratic Fletcher Summerfield Stockdale [19] 1/3
N/A Fletcher Summerfield Stockdale June 11, 1865 June 16, 1865 Military Vacant [20] 1/3
11 Andrew J. Hamilton June 17, 1865 August 9, 1866 Democratic-Military Vacant [21] 1/3
12 James W. Throckmorton August 9, 1866 August 8, 1867 Democratic George Washington Jones [22] 1/2
13 Elisha M. Pease June 8, 1867 September 30, 1869 Republican Vacant [22][23] 1/2
14 Edmund J. Davis January 8, 1870 January 15, 1874 Republican Vacant [24] 1
15 Richard Coke January 15, 1874 December 21, 1876 Democratic Richard Bennett Hubbard Jr. [25] 1 1/2
16 Richard B. Hubbard December 21, 1876 January 21, 1879 Democratic Vacant [17] 1/2
17 Oran M. Roberts January 21, 1879 January 16, 1883 Democratic Joseph Draper Sayers (1879–81) 2
Leonidas Jefferson Storey (1881–83)
18 John Ireland January 16, 1883 January 20, 1887 Democratic Francis Marion Martin (1883–85) 2
Barnett Gibbs (1885–87)
19 Lawrence Sullivan Ross January 18, 1887 January 20, 1891 Democratic Thomas Benton Wheeler 2
20 James Stephen Hogg January 20, 1891 January 15, 1895 Democratic George Cassety Pendleton (1891–93) 2
Martin McNulty Crane (1893–95)
21 Charles A. Culberson January 15, 1895 January 17, 1899 Democratic George Taylor Jester 2
22 Joseph D. Sayers January 17, 1899 January 20, 1903 Democratic James Nathan Browning 2
23 S. W. T. Lanham January 20, 1903 January 15, 1907 Democratic George D. Neal 2
24 Thomas Mitchell Campbell January 15, 1907 January 17, 1911 Democratic Asbury Bascom Davidson 2
25 Oscar Branch Colquitt January 17, 1911 January 19, 1915 Democratic Asbury Bascom Davidson (1911–13) 2
William Harding Mayes (1913–15)
26 James E. "Pa" Ferguson January 19, 1915 August 25, 1917 Democratic William Pettus Hobby Sr. [26] 1 1/2
27 William P. Hobby August 25, 1917 January 18, 1921 Democratic Vacant (1917–19) [27] 1 1/2
Willard Arnold Johnson (1919–21)
28 Pat Morris Neff January 18, 1921 January 20, 1925 Democratic Lynch Davidson (1921–23) 2
Thomas Whitfield Davidson (1923–25)
29 Miriam A. "Ma" Ferguson January 20, 1925 January 17, 1927 Democratic Barry Miller 1
30 Dan Moody January 17, 1927 January 20, 1931 Democratic 2
31 Ross S. Sterling January 20, 1931 January 17, 1933 Democratic Edgar E. Witt 1
32 Miriam A. "Ma" Ferguson January 17, 1933 January 15, 1935 Democratic 1
33 James Allred January 15, 1935 January 17, 1939 Democratic Walter Frank Woodul 2
34 W. Lee O'Daniel January 17, 1939 August 4, 1941 Democratic Coke R. Stevenson [28] 1 1/2
35 Coke R. Stevenson August 4, 1941 January 21, 1947 Democratic Vacant (1941–43) [27] 2 1/2
John Lee Smith (1943–47)
36 Beauford H. Jester January 21, 1947 July 11, 1949 Democratic Allan Shivers [29] 1/2
37 Allan Shivers July 11, 1949 January 15, 1957 Democratic Vacant (1949–51) [27] 3 1/2
Ben Ramsey (1951–61)
38 Price Daniel January 15, 1957 January 15, 1963 Democratic Ben Ramsey (1951–61) 3
Vacant (1961–63)
39 John Connally January 15, 1963 January 21, 1969 Democratic Preston Smith 3
40 Preston Smith January 21, 1969 January 16, 1973 Democratic Ben Barnes 2
41 Dolph Briscoe January 16, 1973 January 16, 1979 Democratic William P. Hobby Jr. 2
42 Bill Clements January 16, 1979 January 18, 1983 Republican 1
43 Mark White January 18, 1983 January 20, 1987 Democratic 1
44 Bill Clements January 20, 1987 January 15, 1991 Republican 1
45 Ann Richards January 15, 1991 January 17, 1995 Democratic Bob Bullock 1
46 George W. Bush January 17, 1995 December 21, 2000 Republican Bob Bullock (1995–99) [30] 1 1/2
Rick Perry (1999–2000)
47 Rick Perry December 21, 2000 January 20, 2015 Republican Bill Ratliff (2000–03) 3 1/2
David Dewhurst (2003–15)
48 Greg Abbott January 20, 2015 Incumbent Republican Dan Patrick [31] 1

Other high offices held

GovernorGubernatorial TermOther high offices held
James Pinckney Henderson 1846–1847 U.S. Senator (1857–1858)
Peter Hansborough Bell 1849–1853 U.S. Representative (1853–1857)
Sam Houston 1859–1861 U.S. Representative from Tennessee (1823–1827), Governor of Tennessee (1827–1829), President of Texas (1836–1838, 1841–1844), U.S. Senator (1846–1859)
Andrew Jackson Hamilton 1865–1866 U.S. Representative (1859–1861)
James W. Throckmorton 1866–1867 U.S. Representative (1875–1879, 1883–1887)
Richard Coke 1874–1876 U.S. Senator (1877–1895)
Richard B. Hubbard 1876–1879 Minister to Japan (1885–1889)
Charles Allen Culberson 1895–1899 U.S. Senator (1899–1923)
Joseph D. Sayers 1899–1903 U.S. Representative (1885–1893, 1893–1899)
S. W. T. Lanham 1903–1907 U.S. Representative (1883–1893, 1897–1903)
W. Lee O'Daniel 1939–1941 U.S. Senator (1941–1949)
Price Daniel 1957–1963 U.S. Senator (1953–1957)
John Connally 1963–1969 U.S. Secretary of the Navy (1961), U.S. Secretary of the Treasury (1971–1972)
Bill Clements 1979–1983
1987–1991		 U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense (1973–1977)
George W. Bush 1995–2000 43rd President of the United States (2001–2009)
Rick Perry 2000–2015 United States Secretary of Energy

Living former governors of Texas

Currently, there are two living former governors of Texas. The most recent death of a former governor was that of Mark White (1983–1987), who died on August 5, 2017. The most recently serving governor of Texas who has died is Ann Richards (1991-1995, born 1933), who died on September 13, 2006. Pictured in order of service:

Gubernatorial trivia

Along with the Seal of Office, the governor of Texas also has a flag. It is not in common use.

Background

Texas has had two female governors: Miriam A. "Ma" Ferguson and Ann Richards. Ferguson was one of the first two women elected governor of a U.S. state (on November 4, 1924), along with Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming. Ross was inaugurated on January 5, 1925, while Ferguson was inaugurated on January 20, so Ross is considered the first female state governor. Ferguson was the wife of former governor Jim "Pa" Ferguson, while Richards was elected "in her own right," being neither the spouse nor widow of a governor.

Texas governors have been born in fourteen states: Alabama, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.

Baylor University is the most common alma mater of Texas governors, with five of them - Lawrence Sullivan Ross, Pat Morris Neff, Price Daniel, Mark White, and Ann Richards - considered alumni (though Ross attended but never completed a degree). To date, Coke Stevenson is the most recent governor who never attended college, and Bill Clements is the most recent who attended college but did not graduate.

Elections

Three governors have served non-consecutive terms: Elisha M. Pease, Miriam A. Ferguson, and Bill Clements. As was the case in most Southern states, Texas did not elect any Republican governor from the end of Reconstruction until the late twentieth century. Bill Clements was the state's first Republican governor since Edmund J. Davis left office in 1874, 105 years earlier. Dolph Briscoe was the last governor to be elected to a two-year term, in 1972; he was also the first to be elected to a four-year term, in 1974, since the post-Reconstruction period when two-year terms had first been established. Rick Perry, who ascended to the governorship on December 21, 2000 upon the resignation of then-Governor George W. Bush, won full four-year terms in 2002, 2006 and 2010.

W. Lee "Pappy" O'Daniel served as the inspiration for the fictional, but similarly named, Mississippi Governor Menelaus "Pappy" O'Daniel, in the film O Brother, Where Art Thou?

Ann Richards had a cameo appearance on an episode of the animated comedy series King of the Hill, in which she has a brief romance with Bill Dauterive after he takes the fall for mooning her in the elevator of an Austin hotel (Hank actually mooned her because he thought his friends were going to be mooning the people in the elevator but they set him up).

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ "CSG Releases 2013 Governor Salaries". The Council of State Governments. June 25, 2013. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
  2. ↑ Upon recommendation of the Board of Pardons and Paroles
  3. 1 2 Suellentrop, Chip (2000-01-05). "Is George W. Bush a "Weak" Governor?". Slate Magazine - Explainer. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
  4. 1 2 Ivins, Molly; Lou Dubose (2000). Shrub: The Short But Happy Political Life of George W. Bush. New York: Vintage Books. pp. xii–xiii. ISBN 0-375-75714-7.
  5. ↑ 1845 Const. Art V sec 4
  6. ↑ 1861 Const. art V sec 12
  7. ↑ 1866 Const. art V sec 4
  8. ↑ 1869 Const. Art IV sec 4
  9. ↑ Executive Branch Archived 2011-06-29 at the Wayback Machine. retrieved 23-October-2008
  10. ↑ TX Const. Art IV sec 4
  11. ↑ Texas Politics - The Executive Branch Archived 2009-02-11 at the Wayback Machine.. Texaspolitics.laits.utexas.edu. Retrieved on 2013-07-15.
  12. ↑ TX Const. art IV sec 16 graf d
  13. ↑ Under the 1861 constitution, law provided that the lieutenant governor would be "styled Governor of the State of Texas" in case of vacancy.
  14. ↑ 1861 Const art V sec 12
  15. ↑ The fractional terms of some governors are not to be absolutely literally; rather, they are meant to show single terms during which multiple governors served, due to resignations, deaths and the like.
  16. ↑ Resigned to take an elected seat in the U.S. House of Representatives.
  17. 1 2 3 As lieutenant governor, filled unexpired term.
  18. ↑ Evicted from office due to his refusal to swear an oath to the Confederate States of America.
  19. ↑ Fled Austin as it fell to Union forces.
  20. ↑ NGA says he was Lt. Gov who served as Gov after Murrah fled Texas.
  21. ↑ Provisional military governor.
  22. 1 2 James Throckmorton was removed from office by General Philip Sheridan, and Elisha Pease installed in his place.
  23. ↑ Resigned due to disagreements with General Joseph Reynolds.
  24. ↑ Elected in a special election held under military direction.
  25. ↑ Resigned to take an elected seat in the U.S. Senate.
  26. ↑ Resigned due to the legislature bringing impeachment proceedings against him.
  27. 1 2 3 As lieutenant governor, filled unexpired term, and was subsequently elected in their own right.
  28. ↑ Resigned after winning the Democratic primary for a U.S. Senate seat; he won the election.
  29. ↑ Died in office.
  30. ↑ Resigned to be President of the United States.
  31. ↑ Governor Abbott's first term expires on January 15, 2019; he is not term limited.

References

General
Constitutions
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