Portgordon

Portgordon
Portgordon on the southern shore of the Moray Firth
Portgordon
Portgordon shown within Moray
Population 844 
OS grid reference NJ3964
• Edinburgh 190 km (120 mi)
• London 710 km (440 mi)
Civil parish
Council area
Lieutenancy area
Country Scotland
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town Buckie
Postcode district AB56
Dialling code 01542
Police Scottish
Fire Scottish
Ambulance Scottish
EU Parliament Scotland
UK Parliament
Scottish Parliament

Portgordon, or sometimes Port Gordon,[1] (Scottish Gaelic: Port Ghòrdain) is a village in Moray, Scotland, 2 km south-west of Buckie. It was established in 1797 by Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon as a fishing village.[2] It had a population of 844 at the time of the 2011 census.[3][4] Currently the Portgordon Community Harbour Group is trying to regenerate the harbour and open a marina.[5]

History

By 1793 Buckie was the principal fishing community in the area. At that time fishing was confined to line fishing for cod, ling and haddock, in boats no larger than 14 tons. Development of the industry was limited by the lack of a proper harbour, and disputes amongst the three owners of the various boats. One of these, Alexander, 4th Duke of Gordon, decided to establish a new village, just to the west of the tiny community of Gollachy which comprised but a few houses in the area that is now Gordon Street. Work was underway on the harbour in 1795 and stone was shipped from Lossiemouth in 1796. In 1797 houses were built for ten fishermen and their families from Nether Buckie (the western side of Buckie). This was the third new village the Duke had established, but unlike Fochabers and Tomintoul before, this was a smaller venture and little planning was done with regards to street layout.[1]

The land immediately to the west of Portgordon was owned by Patrick Steuart of Tannachy and Auchlunkart, who built there the Seatown of Tannachy (now more commonly Porttannachy) during the 19th century. At this time trade was expanding, not just in fishing and boat building, but in the export of grain, and import of salt, coal and lumber, and the building of granaries. This placed Portgordon at a great advantage over Buckie which was still limited by its natural harbour to fishing alone. By the 1850s a post office had opened and there were many coopers, fish processors and net makers. By 1861 the population had grown to around 630. The opening of a fertiliser factory in Keith lead to traffic in bones through the harbour too.[1]

Rail service began in 1886 with the opening of Portgordon railway station on the Moray Firth coast line on the Great North of Scotland Railway. The line became part of the London and North Eastern Railway in 1923 and part of British Railways in 1948. The Beeching Report recommended closure, and it was closed on 6 May 1968. In 1981 a bowling green and play park were opened on the site of the old station.[1]

The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 established Banffshire County Council and this led to the establishment of street names throughout the village, and the demise of Seatown of Tannachy and Gollachy as distinct communities.[1]

A boat building industry began, with local yards first constructing Zulu’s and from 1903 steam drifters. In 1907 one yard employed fifty men and launched a drifter every month or so but this business in drifters had dried up by 1915, though the yard continued to produce salmon cobles.

Street lighting was introduced in the 1920s, and paraffin was used as there was no mains gas or electricity. Portgordon was one of the last communities to get electricity in 1937, and the village was nicknamed "Paraffin City".[1][6]

During World War II in 1940, two German spies, Karl Drucke and Vera Erikson were captured at the railway station and held at the police station.[1]

Portgordon harbour

The harbour entrance is open to the north. From the piles of creels it looks as if there is still crab and lobster fishing going on in 2008

The original harbour of 1797 was constructed with wooden piers. Both fishing and an import/export trade thrived, and Portgordon became the principal port in the area.[6]

The Gordon estates transferred first to George Gordon, 5th Duke of Gordon and thence to his nephew Charles Gordon-Lennox, 5th Duke of Richmond. In 1859 the Duchess of Gordon presented a barometer for the use of the fishermen and it was installed at the harbour.[7] It was to Charles Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Richmond that the Harbour Committee turned in the late 1860s when the condition of the harbour was deteriorating and generally becoming inadequate for the increasing traffic. He agreed to pay for reconstruction if the fishermen would assist with transport of materials from Lossiemouth and Hopeman. The new harbour would enclose 3 acres, and cranes were to be installed for the first time at Portgordon. Construction took place between 1870 and 1874 and subsequently over a 100 boats were registered in the harbour. Success was short lived though, and the number of boats was in decline by 1881 due to competition from new harbours in Buckie and Buckpool.[1]

By 1904 the harbour was beginning to silt up and boats were having to wait for the tide to be able to enter harbour. Charles Gordon-Lennox, 7th Duke of Richmond was asked to build an extension to the eastern pier to stop the beach from washing into the harbour, but only dredging was carried out in 1906 and 1907. In 1908 the Duke offered to give the harbour to the community along with ₤2,000 to pay for the extension, but this offer was turned down in 1909 with many villagers fearing the maintenance costs.[1] In 1935 ownership of the harbour transferred from the Gordon-Lennox family to the Crown Estate Commissioners when Frederick Gordon-Lennox, 9th Duke of Richmond sold his Scottish estates to pay crippling death duties.[1][6]

By 1945 there were only fourteen in the harbour and there was little commercial activity. Crown Estates Commissioners closed the harbour in 1947 and it was thereafter used by only a few pleasure craft. The structures were further damaged in the North Sea flood of 1953. By the late 1970s the north-west corner was breached and the mouth of the harbour was seriously silted up. Funded by various grants, the 69th Gurkha Independent Field Squadron rebuilt the harbour between 1985 and 1989.[5]

Churches

In the early part of the village's history the populace was served by churches in other communities nearby. Roman Catholics in the area had first been using the clandestine church of St Ninian's Church, Tynet, which was supplanted in 1788 by St Gregory's Church, Preshome. St. Gregory's was the first church building to be openly built by Catholics in Scotland since the Reformation of 1560. The United Free Church had a church at Enzie crossroads a mile to the south of the village.[1]

In 1860 a Methodist minister, James Turner, preached a series of sermons which resulted in an interest in Methodism and the closure of six of the ten pubs in the village. A Methodist congregation was formed and the present church was built in 1874. In 1902 the United Free Church opened a new church hall in Portgordon.[1]

Landmarks

A memorial to those who had lost their lives during World War I was unveiled on 9 June 1921. It is a fifteen-foot Celtic cross of granite,[1] situated in East High Street.[8] It records the names of 28 killed during World War I and a further 28 from World War II.[9][10]

Gollachy ice house is somewhat unusual, being sited on the shore, and excavated rather than being built into side of a hill. It is of rubble construction, built in the early 19th century, with a hip roof of turf. It was restored in the 1970s and is a category B listed building.[11][12]

Transport

Portgordon, on the Speyside way, looking west along Gordon Road on the A990

Portgordon is on the A990 road. The Speyside Way, Moray Coast trail and National Cycle Route 1 pass through the village.[13][14] The nearest railway stations are at Elgin and Keith.[14]

Education

Portgordon Primary School had a pupil enrollment of 60 as at 23 September 2014.[15] In 2014, Moray Council's Sustainable Education Review recommended merging the school into Cluny Primary School in Buckie,[16] but following petitions council voted to give it a five-year reprieve.[17]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Reid, Peter (November 1997). Port Gordon. The Life and Times of a Village. Tynet Heritage. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  2. ↑ "The Dukes of Gordon". Retrieved 2015-08-21.
  3. ↑ "Portgordon (Moray)". City population. Thomas Brinkhoff. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  4. ↑ "Area profiles, Locality, Portgordon". Scotland's Census. National Records of Scotland. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  5. 1 2 "Ports and harbours of the UK". Duncan Mackintosh. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  6. 1 2 3 "'Imagine'". Portgordon Community Harbour Group. Portgordon Community Harbour Group Ltd. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  7. ↑ "Gift of Barometer to Portgordon". Elgin Courier. 22 July 1859. Retrieved 6 October 2015 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  8. ↑ "Portgordon, East High Street, War Memorial". Canmore. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  9. ↑ "Portgordon War Memorial". The Scottish War Memorials Project. The Scottish Military Research Group. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  10. ↑ "Portgordon War Memorial". Buckie District Family Connections. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  11. ↑ "Record Detail". Scotlands Places. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  12. ↑ "PORTGORDON, GOLLACHY ICE HOUSE (Ref:15546)". Historic Scotland. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  13. ↑ "Section 1 - Buckie to Spey Bay". THE SPEYSIDE WAY. The Moray Council Countryside Ranger Service. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  14. 1 2 "Portgordon to Cullen" (PDF). Sustrans. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  15. ↑ "Portgordon Primary School". The Moray Council. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  16. ↑ Ross, David (26 September 2014). "Parents to fight closure of up to 10 primary schools in Moray". The Herald (Glasgow). Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  17. ↑ "Milne's High School saved". The Northern Scot. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
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