Dental nasal click

Dental nasal click
ǀ̃
ᵑǀ
ʇ̃
ᵑʇ
Encoding
Kirshenbaum n!

The dental nasal click is a click consonant found primarily among the languages of southern Africa. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ǀ̃ or ᵑǀ; a symbol abandoned by the IPA but still preferred by some linguists is ʇ̃ or ᵑʇ.

Features

Features of the dental nasal click:

Occurrence

Dental nasal clicks are found primarily in the various Khoisan language families of southern Africa and in some neighboring Bantu languages.

Language Word IPA Meaning
Hadza minca [miᵑǀa] = [miʇ̃a]'to smack one's lips'
Khoekhoe ǀnam [ǀnȁm̀] = [ʇ̃ȁm̀] 'to love'
Zulu incwancwa [iᵑǀwáːᵑǀwa] = [iʇ̃wáːʇ̃wa] 'sour corn meal'

Glottalized dental nasal click

Glottalized
dental nasal click
ǀ̃ˀ
ᵑǀˀ
ᵑ̊ǀˀ
ʇ̃ˀ
ᵑʇˀ
ᵑ̊ʇˀ

All Khoisan languages, and a few Bantu languages, have glottalized nasal clicks. These are formed by closing the glottis so that the click is pronounced in silence; however, any preceding vowel will be nasalized.

Language Word IPA Meaning
Hadza tacce [taᵑǀˀe] = [taʇ̃ˀe]'rope'
Khoekhoe ǀoroǀoro [ᵑǀˀòɾőᵑǀˀòɾȍ] = [ʇ̃ˀòɾőʇ̃ˀòɾȍ] 'to wear s.t. out'
NaroXgaoc’õ[ǁχao̯ᵑǀˀõ] = [ʖχao̯ʇ̃ˀõ](personal name)
Xhosa umchankcatho [umǀʰaᵑǀˀatʰo] = [umʇʰaʇ̃ˀatʰo]'a bridge'

Notes

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