Ghuwayr Abu Shusha
Ghuwayr Abu Shusha | |
---|---|
Ghuwayr Abu Shusha | |
Name meaning | from personal name; meaning the “father of” wearing “a top knot”[1] |
Subdistrict | Tiberias |
Coordinates | 32°51′13″N 35°30′34″E / 32.85361°N 35.50944°ECoordinates: 32°51′13″N 35°30′34″E / 32.85361°N 35.50944°E |
Palestine grid | 197/251 |
Population | 1,240[2][3] (1945) |
Area | 8,609[3] dunams |
Date of depopulation | 21 and 28 April 1948[4] |
Cause(s) of depopulation | Military assault by Yishuv forces |
Secondary cause | Influence of nearby town's fall |
Current localities | Ginosar[5], Livnim[5] |
Ghuwayr Abu Shusha was a Palestinian Arab village in the Tiberias Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on April 21, 1948. It was located 8 km north of Tiberias, nearby Wadi Rubadiyya.
History
In 1838 Edward Robinson found on the remains of a few dwellings, built of rough volcanic stones, some of which were still used as magazines by the Arabs of the plain. A wely with a white dome marked the spot. He found no traces of antiquity.[6]
In 1850-1851 de Saulcy saw the village, which he described as ruined. Of the village, all which remained was a few portions of wall of modern appearance, "but in the midst of these is still standing a square vaulted tower, constructed in fine blocks of Herodian workmanship. or Roman of the early empire. This tower rests against a wall of more recent character."[7]
In 1875 Victor Guérin visited and noted the little wely dedicated to Abou-Choutheh.[8]
In 1881, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described it as containing 20 Moslems, with housed built of basalt, located round a mill.[9] There were modern ruins in the village, and a number of ruined mills in the valley below. [10]
British mandate era
In 1945 it had a population of 1,240 Muslims,[2] with 8,609 dunams of land.[3] Of this, 21 dunams were used for cereals and bananas, 1,377 for plantations and irrigable land, 1,848 dunams for cereals, [11] while 6 dunams were classified as built-up (urban) area.[12]
The village also contained Khirbat Abu Shusha, which had the ruins of water-powered mills.[13]
1948, and aftermath
The village was depopulated after a military assault on 21 and 28 April 1948.[4]
Ginosar presently occupy part of what was village land, so does Livnim, established in 1982 ca. 1 km northwest of the Ghuwayr Abu Shusha site.[5]
In 1992 the village site was described: "The village site is covered with thorns and wild vegetation, including Christ's-thorn trees and cactuses. The shrine of Shaykh Muhammad and the remains of a mill can be seen among piles of stones and a few olive trees. The lower-lying lands are planted in bananas and citrus, while the highlands are used as grazing areas by the Israelis."[5]
References
- ↑ Palmer, 1881, p. 128
- 1 2 Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 12
- 1 2 3 Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 72
- 1 2 Morris, 2004, p. xvii, village #93. Also gives cause of depopulation.
- 1 2 3 4 Khalidi, 1992, p. 517
- ↑ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, pp. 285-286; cited in Khalidi, 1992, p. 516
- ↑ Saucy, 1854, pp. 423-424
- ↑ Guérin, 1880, pp. 209-212
- ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 360
- ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 396
- ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 122
- ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 172
- ↑ Khalidi, 1992, p. 516
Bibliography
- Conder, Claude Reignier; Kitchener, H. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. 1. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
- Guérin, Victor (1880). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). 3: Galilee, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- Hadawi, Sami (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
- Khalidi, Walid (1992). All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948. Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
- Morris, Benny (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
- Palmer, E. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Robinson, Edward; Smith, Eli (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
- Saulcy, Louis FĂ©licien de (1854). Narrative of a journey round the Dead Sea, and in the Bible lands, in 1850 and 1851. 2, new edition. London: R. Bentley.
External links
- Welcome To Ghuwayr Abu Shusha
- Ghuwayr Abu Shusha, Zochrot
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 6: IAA, Wikimedia commons