Geosmithia
| Geosmithia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Geosmithia morbida on leaves of black walnut | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Sordariomycetes |
| Order: | Hypocreales |
| Family: | incertae sedis |
| Genus: | Geosmithia Pitt (1979) |
| Type species | |
| Geosmithia lavendula (Raper & Fennell) Pitt (1979) | |
Geosmithia is a genus of anamorphic fungi of uncertain familial placement in the order Hypocreales. The genus, circumscribed by Australian mycologist John Pitt in 1979,[1] is widely distributed. A 2008 estimate placed ten species in the genus,[2] but several new species have since been described. Thousand cankers disease, which affects economically important black walnut (Juglans nigra) populations in North America, is caused by Geosmithia morbida.[3]
Species in the genus are generally similar to those in Penicillium, but can be distinguished from them by forming cylindrical conidia from rough-walled phialides. Additionally, the conidia of Geosmithia do not have a green color, in contrast to the characteristic blue-grey or green-grey conidia of Penicillium. Some Geosmithia species have teleomorphic forms that are classified in the genus Talaromyces. However, Geosmithia is a polyphyletic taxon with evolutionary affinities to at least three groups of the euascomycete lineage within the Ascomycota.[4] The generic name Geosmithia honors British mycologist George Smith.[1]
Species
- Geosmithia eburnea[5]
- Geosmithia emersonii
- Geosmithia eupagioceri[6]
- Geosmithia fassatiae[7]
- Geosmithia flava
- Geosmithia langdonii[7]
- Geosmithia lavendula
- Geosmithia malachitea[8]
- Geosmithia microcorthyli
- Geosmithia morbida
- Geosmithia namyslowskii
- Geosmithia obscura[7]
- Geosmithia putterillii
- Geosmithia rufescens[6]
- Geosmithia swiftii
- Geosmithia tibetensis[9]
References
- 1 2 Pitt JI. (1979). "Geosmithia, gen. nov. for Penicillium lavendulum and related species". Canadian Journal of Botany. 57 (19): 2021–30. doi:10.1139/b79-252.
- ↑ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 281. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
- ↑ Derickx L, Antunes PM (2013). A Guide to the Identification and Control of Exotic Invasive Species in Ontario's Hardwood Forests. Algoma University. pp. 259–60. ISBN 978-0-929100-21-0.
- ↑ Ogawa H, Yoshimura A, Sugiyama J (1997). "Polyphyletic Origins of Species of the Anamorphic Genus Geosmithia and the Relationships of the Cleistothecial Genera: Evidence from 18S, 5S and 28S rDNA Sequence Analyses". Mycologia. 89 (5): 756–71. doi:10.2307/376113210.
- ↑ Yaguchi T, Someya A, Udagawa S (1994). "Two new species of Talaromyces from Taiwan and Japan". Mycoscience. 35 (3): 249–55. doi:10.1007/BF02268446.
- 1 2 Kolarík M, Kirkendall LR (2010). "Evidence for a new lineage of primary ambrosia fungi in Geosmithia Pitt (Ascomycota: Hypocreales)". Fungal Biology. 114: 676–89. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2010.06.005.
- 1 2 3 Kolarík M, Kubátova A, Cepicka I, Pazoutovtá S, Srůtka P (2005). "A complex of three new white-spored, sympatric, and host range limited Geosmithia species". Mycological Research. 109 (12): 1323–36. PMID 16353633. doi:10.1017/S0953756205003965.
- ↑ Yaguchi T, Miyadoh S, Udagawa SI (1993). "Chromocleista, a new cleistothecial genus with a Geosmithia anamorph". Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan. 102: 101–8.
- ↑ Wu Y-M, Xu J-J, Wang H-F, Zhang T-Y (2013). "Geosmithia tibetensis sp. nov. and new Gibellulopsis and Scopulariopsis records from Qinghai-Tibet". Mycotaxon. 125: 59–64. doi:10.5248/125.59.