Georgy Flyorov

Georgy Nikolayevich Flyorov

Stamp recognition of Georgy N. Flyorov (1913–1990)
Born (1913-03-02)March 2, 1913
Rostov-on-Don, Russian Empire
Died November 19, 1990(1990-11-19) (aged 77)
Moscow, Soviet Union
Citizenship Soviet Union
Nationality Russian
Fields Physics
Institutions Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
USSR Academy of Science
Alma mater Leningrad Polytechnic Institute
Known for Discovery of spontaneous fission, Soviet atomic bomb project
Notable awards Orders of Lenin
Order of the October Revolution
Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Order of the Patriotic War
Lenin Prize
Stalin Prize
USSR State Prize (1975)

Georgy Nikolayevich Flyorov (Russian: Гео́ргий Никола́евич Флёров; IPA: [gʲɪˈorgʲɪj nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ ˈflʲɵrəf]; 2 March 1913 – 19 November 1990), was a Russian physicist who is known for his discovery of the spontaneous fission and his contribution towards the physics of thermal reactions. In addition, he is also known for his letter directed to Joseph Stalin, during the midst of World War II, to start the atomic bomb project in the Soviet Union.

In 2012, the element 114 was named as flerovium after the research laboratory at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research bearing his name .[1]

Biography

Flyorov was born in Rostov-on-Don and attended the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute (now known as the St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University) and majored in thermal physics and nuclear physics.

He is known for writing to Stalin in April 1942, while serving as an air force lieutenant, and pointing out the conspicuous silence within the field of nuclear fission in the United States, Great Britain, and Germany.[2] Flyorov's urgings to "build the uranium bomb without delay"[3] eventually led to the development of the Soviet atomic bomb project.

He discovered spontaneous fission in 1940 with Konstantin Petrzhak.

In the 1970s he claimed as his discovery two transition metal elements: seaborgium[4] and bohrium.[5]

He founded the Flyorov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (FLNR), one of the main labs of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna in 1957, and was director there until 1989. Also during this period, he chaired the Scientific Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Honours and awards

Monument to Flyorov in Dubna.

References

  1. ↑ Brown, Mark (6 June 2011). "Two Ultraheavy Elements Added to Periodic Table". Wired. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
  2. ↑ Kean, Sam (12 July 2010). The Disappearing Spoon: And Other True Tales of Madness, Love, and the History of the World from the Periodic Table of the Elements. Little, Brown. pp. 86–. ISBN 978-0-316-08908-1.
  3. ↑ Cochran TB et al. (1995) Making the Russian bomb from Stalin to Yeltsin. Natural Resources Defense Council
  4. ↑ Oganesyan Yu.Ts.; Tret'yakov Yu.P.; M'inov A.S.; Demin A.G.; A.A. Pleve A.A.; Tret'yakova S.P.; Plotko V.M.; Ivanov M.P.; Danilov N.A.; Korotkin Yu.S.; Flerov G.N. (1974). "Synthesis of neutron-deficient isotopes of fermium, kurchatovium, and element 106". JETP Letters. 20 (8): 265. Bibcode:1974JETPL..20..265O. Original Russian version.
  5. ↑ Oganesyan Yu.Ts.; Demin A.G.; Danilov N.A.; Ivanov M.P.; Il'inov A.S.; Kolesnikov N.N.; Markov B.M.; Plotko V.M.; Tret'yakova S.P.; Flerov G.N. (1976). "Synthesis of neutron-deficient isotopes of fermium, kurchatovium, and element 106". JETP Letters. 23 (5): 277. Bibcode:1976JETPL..23..277O. Original Russian version.


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