George Radcliffe (politician)

Sir George Radcliffe (1599^[1] – May 1657) was an English lawyer and politician; he spent much of his political career in Ireland and was a key member of the firm and ruthless Strafford administration. He spent his last years in exile.

Born the son of Nicholas Radcliffe (d. 1599) of Overthorpe, West Yorkshire, Radcliffe was educated at Oldham and at University College, Oxford. He attained some measure of success as a barrister, and about 1626 became the confidential adviser of Sir Thomas Wentworth, afterwards earl of Strafford, who was related to his wife, Anne Trappes (d. 1659).^[2] Strafford was a man with a gift for making enemies, but Radcliffe remained a devoted friend for life.^[3] Strafford's biographer notes that "in all the crises of his life it was to Radcliffe that he opened his heart".^[4]

Like his master he was imprisoned in 1627 for declining to contribute to a forced loan, but he shared the good, as well as the ill, fortunes of Wentworth, acting as his adviser when he was president of the Council of the North.

When Wentworth was made Lord Deputy of Ireland, Radcliffe, in January 1633, preceded him to that country, and having been made a member of the Privy Council of Ireland he was trusted by the Deputy in the fullest possible way, his advice being of the greatest service. Wentworth wrote that of all the Privy Council, he confided only in Radcliffe and Christopher Wandesford, whose services to him could never be adequately rewarded. It was he who persuaded Strafford to mend an early quarrel with James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, arguing that Ormonde would be a friend and ally of immense value. He and Strafford showed poorer judgement in their campaign of harassment against Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, who became an implacable enemy. He sat in the Irish House of Commons as member for Armagh Borough in the Parliament of 1634-5 and for Sligo in the Parliament of 1639-41, and was farmer of the customs revenues. He also acquired substantial lands in County Fermanagh and County Sligo. When Strafford returned to England in 1639, he entrusted Radcliffe with management of Ireland's finances. and also Strafford's own tangled financial affairs. Radcliffe built Rathmines Castle near Dublin: it was destroyed during the wars of the following decade but rebuilt in the eighteenth century.^[5]

In 1640, Radcliffe, like Strafford, was arrested and impeached, but the charges against him were not pressed. He was freed in 1642, and in 1643 he was with Charles I at Oxford. He remained loyal to Strafford's family, and used his extensive knowledge of his master's financial affairs to salvage something for his widow and children.

In 1647 he fled to France, and joined the Court in exile. His association with Strafford, now seen as a martyr for the Royalist cause, made him a figure of some importance, and he became a confidential adviser to the future James II. Unfortunately he was drawn into James's quarrels with his mother Henrietta Maria and his brother Charles II, and for a time Charles declared him persona non grata. Through Ormonde's goodwill, Radcliffe was eventually restored to favour, but had little influence in his last years. He died at Flushing in May 1657.

Radcliffe wrote An essay towards the life of my Lord Strafford, from which the material for the various lives of the statesman has been largely taken. His description of Strafford's much-loved second wife Arabella Holles has been described as "lyrical", and suggests a romantic devotion to her memory.^[6]

Wedgwood describes him as a pious man of simple tastes, not outstandingly intelligent, but courageous, thorough and a skilled lawyer; on the other hand he could be irritable, intolerant, and indiscreet.^[7]

References

• Thomas Dunham Whitaker, Life and Correspondence of Sir G. Radcliffe (1810).

Attribution

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "^{article name needed}". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.