Gastrotheca
| Gastrotheca | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Gastrotheca excubitor | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Hemiphractidae |
| Genus: | Gastrotheca Fitzinger, 1843 |
| Diversity | |
| Some 50 species | |
Gastrotheca is a genus of frogs (family Hemiphractidae) found in Central and South America. Most species occur in the American Cordillera from southern Costa Rica to northwestern Argentina. This genus makes up the bulk of marsupial frog diversity; formerly it was placed in the "Leptodactylidae" assemblage.
Marsupial frogs are so-called because they possess a dorsal brood pouch. In some species the eggs are fertilized on the female's lower back, and are inserted in her pouch with the aid of the male's toes. The eggs remain in contact with the female's vascular tissue, which provides them oxygen.
Gastrotheca guentheri (Guenther's marsupial frog) is the only known frog with true teeth in its lower jaw. Gastrotheca riobambae (Andean marsupial tree frog) is kept as pet and is used in scientific experiments.
Species
There are 68 recognized species:[1]
- Gastrotheca abdita Duellman, 1987
- Gastrotheca aguaruna Duellman, Barley, and Venegas, 2014
- Gastrotheca albolineata (Lutz and Lutz, 1939)
- Gastrotheca andaquiensis Ruiz-Carranza and Hernández-Camacho, 1976
- Gastrotheca angustifrons (Boulenger, 1898)
- Gastrotheca antomia Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo, Lynch, and Restrepo-Toro, 1997
- Gastrotheca antoniiochoai (De la Riva and Chaparro, 2005)
- Gastrotheca aratia Duellman, Barley, and Venegas, 2014
- Gastrotheca argenteovirens (Boettger, 1892)
- Gastrotheca atympana Duellman, Lehr, Rodríguez, and von May, 2004
- Gastrotheca aureomaculata Cochran and Goin, 1970
- Gastrotheca bufona Cochran and Goin, 1970
- Gastrotheca carinaceps Duellman, Trueb, and Lehr, 2006
- Gastrotheca christiani Laurent, 1967
- Gastrotheca chrysosticta Laurent, 1976
- Gastrotheca cornuta (Boulenger, 1898)
- Gastrotheca dendronastes Duellman, 1983
- Gastrotheca dunni Lutz, 1977
- Gastrotheca dysprosita Duellman, 2013
- Gastrotheca ernestoi Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (often included in G. microdiscus)
- Gastrotheca espeletia Duellman and Hillis, 1987
- Gastrotheca excubitor Duellman and Fritts, 1972
- Gastrotheca fissipes (Boulenger, 1888)
- Gastrotheca flamma Juncá and Nunes, 2008
- Gastrotheca fulvorufa (Andersson, 1911) (often included in G. microdiscus)
- Gastrotheca galeata Trueb and Duellman, 1978
- Gastrotheca gracilis Laurent, 1969
- Gastrotheca griswoldi Shreve, 1941
- Gastrotheca guentheri (Boulenger, 1882) (Guenther's marsupial frog)
- Gastrotheca helenae Dunn, 1944
- Gastrotheca lateonota Duellman and Trueb, 1988
- Gastrotheca lauzuricae De la Riva, 1992
- Gastrotheca litonedis Duellman and Hillis, 1987
- Gastrotheca lojana Parker, 1932
- Gastrotheca longipes (Boulenger, 1882)
- Gastrotheca marsupiata (Duméril and Bibron, 1841)
- Gastrotheca megacephala Izecksohn, Carvalho-e-Silva, and Peixoto, 2009
- Gastrotheca microdiscus (Andersson, 1910)
- Gastrotheca monticola Barbour and Noble, 1920
- Gastrotheca nebulanastes Duellman, Catenazzi & Blackburn, 2011
- Gastrotheca nicefori Gaige, 1933
- Gastrotheca ochoai Duellman and Fritts, 1972
- Gastrotheca orophylax Duellman and Pyles, 1980
- Gastrotheca ossilaginis Duellman and Venegas, 2005
- Gastrotheca ovifera (Lichtenstein and Weinland, 1854)
- Gastrotheca pacchamama Duellman, 1987
- Gastrotheca pachachacae Catenazzi and von May, 2011
- Gastrotheca peruana (Boulenger, 1900)
- Gastrotheca phalarosa Duellman and Venegas, 2005
- Gastrotheca phelloderma Lehr and Catenazzi, 2011
- Gastrotheca piperata Duellman and Köhler, 2005
- Gastrotheca plumbea (Boulenger, 1882) (silver marsupial frog)
- Gastrotheca prasina Teixeira et al., 2012
- Gastrotheca pseustes Duellman and Hillis, 1987
- Gastrotheca psychrophila Duellman, 1974
- Gastrotheca pulchra Caramaschi & Rodrigues, 2007
- Gastrotheca rebeccae Duellman and Trueb, 1988
- Gastrotheca recava Teixeira etal., 2012
- Gastrotheca riobambae (Fowler, 1913) (Andean marsupial tree frog)
- Gastrotheca ruizi Duellman and Burrowes, 1986
- Gastrotheca splendens (Schmidt, 1857)
- Gastrotheca stictopleura Duellman, Lehr, and Aguilar, 2001
- Gastrotheca testudinea (Jiménez de la Espada, 1870)
- Gastrotheca trachyceps Duellman, 1987
- Gastrotheca walkeri Duellman, 1980
- Gastrotheca weinlandii (Steindachner, 1892)
- Gastrotheca williamsoni Gaige, 1922
- Gastrotheca zeugocystis Duellman, Lehr, Rodríguez, and von May, 2004
Footnotes
- ↑ Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Gastrotheca Fitzinger, 1843". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
References
- Duellman, W.E., Catenazzi, A. & Blackburn, D.C. (2011): A new species of marsupial frog (Anura: Hemiphractidae: Gastrotheca) from the Andes of southern Peru. Zootaxa 3095: 1-14.
- Faivovich, J., Haddad, C.F.B., Garcia, P.C.O., Frost, D.R., Campbell, J.A. & Wheeler, W.C. (2005): Systematic review of the frog family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 294: 1-240.
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