Gasconade Bridge train disaster

The locomotive O'Sullivan Daguerreotype by Thomas M. Easterly, 1855. Missouri History Museum

The Gasconade Bridge train disaster was a rail accident in Gasconade, Missouri on November 1, 1855. The Gasconade bridge collapsed under the locomotive O'Sullivan while crossing. Thirty-one people were killed.

History

At the time of the disaster, the Pacific Railroad was being built west from St. Louis, which was to be the starting point for the first transcontinental railroad, an effort led by Senator Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri.^[1] Construction had begun on the railroad in 1851, and two years later, it had reached Kirkwood, Missouri; by 1855, the railroad was completed to Jefferson City. The railroad bridge at Gasconade, a 760-foot wooden structure spanning the Gasconade River, was unfinished, but was supported by temporary trestle.^[1]

Accident

On November 1, a day of heavy rain, the inaugural train carrying some 600 invited visitors and dignitaries, including Henry Chouteau, of the founding family of St. Louis, set out from downtown at 9 a.m. led by the locomotive Missouri. Thomas O'Sullivan was chief engineer on the train.^[1] O'Sullivan considered stopping to check the Gasconade Bridge but because the train was behind schedule he opted not to stop. He felt reassured of its stability, as a gravel-hauling train had traveled over it the day before.

As the train started to pass over the bridge, the span between the east bank and the first pier collapsed. The steam engine and seven of the cars fell through the wooden timbers and the others rolled down the 36 foot embankment into the river. Only one car remained on the tracks.^[2] Thirty-one people were killed, including Chouteau, O'Sullivan, and many other prominent St. Louis citizens. Seventy other passengers were seriously injured.

Response

While a conductor attempted to telegraph for help in nearby Hermann, the rain storm had disabled the telegraph lines and first word of the disaster did not reach St. Louis until 8 p.m., some 7 hours after the bridge's collapse.^[1] The Missouri Republican from November 2, 1855 contained stories on both the inaugural trip of the Pacific Railroad and the ensuing tragedy. On the former topic, the article ends "How little do we know what an hour may bring forth! The above paragraphs had hardly been written when reports came of a terrible disaster in an attempt to cross the Gasconade Bridge. At a later hour, we received the melancholy particulars which are detailed in another article."^[3] The follow-up article contained the names of the dead and seriously injured. Others were less severely injured, but the paper did not name them.^[3]

A hospital train was dispatched from St. Louis to the wreckage site. Survivors helped load the dead onto a freight car. On the way back to st Louis, the hospital train was stopped by the flood waters of Boeuf Creek. The bridge was considered in danger of collapsing from the flood. All the survivors that could walk crossed the bridge on foot and boarded a second train that was on the other side. The engineers then began pushing the cars across by hand. But the bridge collapsed and sent another train car into the water.^[2]

The storm also affected a temporary trestle near Washington, Missouri, so seriously wounded survivors and deceased had to be transported to Washington via steamboat and were not returned to St. Louis until November 3. The city was shut down to accommodate the funerals.^[1] Many of the dead were buried at Bellefontaine Cemetery in St. Louis.

A Pacific train did eventually reach Jefferson City four months later, but St. Louis' plan of being the starting point of the transcontinental railroad was unsuccessful. In 1869, the First Transcontinental Railroad was completed at Promontory Summit, Utah, stretching from San Francisco to Chicago. The Pacific Railroad was renamed Missouri Pacific in 1867 and later became Union Pacific in 1982.^[1]

References

Information not specifically attributed comes from:

• Bob Aubuchon. "Remembering the Gasconade Disaster". Central Pacific Railroad Photographic History Museum. Retrieved 2008-08-22. 

Coordinates: 38°40′09″N 91°33′12″W / 38.669211°N 91.553278°W / 38.669211; -91.553278