Gammaproteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria
Vibrio cholerae
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class: Gammaproteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria are a class of bacteria. Several medically, ecologically, and scientifically important groups of bacteria belong to this class, as do a number of important pathogens. Like all Proteobacteria, the Gammaproteobacteria are Gram-negative.

Significance

The Gammaproteobacteria comprise several medically and scientifically important groups of bacteria, such as the Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrionaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae. A number of important pathogens belong to this class, e.g. Salmonella spp. (enteritis and typhoid fever), Yersinia pestis (plague), Vibrio cholerae (cholera), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (lung infections in hospitalized or cystic fibrosis patients), and Escherichia coli (food poisoning). Important plant pathogens such as Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (citrus canker), Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (kiwifruit Psa outbreak), and Xylella fastidiosa are also Gammaproteobacteria. Members of Chromatium are photosynthetic and oxidize hydrogen sulfide instead of water, producing sulfur as a waste product. Some Gammaproteobacteria are methane oxidizers, and many are symbiotic with geothermic ocean vent-dwelling animals.[1]

Phylogeny

Due to a single genus, Acidithiobacillus, the Gammaproteobacteria class is paraphyletic to Betaproteobacteria (reviewed in Proteobacteria#Taxonomy).

Phylogeny of Gammaproteobacteria

Acidithiobacillus


Betaproteobacteria


Xanthomonadales


Chromatiales

Methylococcus

Beggiatoa


Legionellales

Ruthia, Vesicomyosocius, Thiomicrospira, Dichelobacter, Francisella



Moraxellaceae, Alcalinovorax


Saccharophagus, Reinekea


Oceanospirillaceae


Marinobacter

Pseudomonadaceae


Pseudoalteromonadaceae, Alteromonas, Idiomarinaceae


Shewanellaceae


Psychromonadaceae


Aeromonas


Vibrionales


Pasteurellales

Enterobacteriales













Phylogeny of Gammaproteobacteria after[2] Not all orders are monophyletic, consequently families or genera are shown for Pseudomonadales, Oceanospirillales, and Alteromonadales. In the case of singleton orders, the genus is shown. (In bacterial taxonomy, orders have the suffix -ales, while families have -aceae.)

A number of bacteria have been described as members of Gammaproteobacteria, but have not yet been assigned an order or family. These include bacteria of the genera Alkalimarinus, Alkalimonas, Arenicella, Gallaecimonas, Ignatzschineria, Litorivivens, Marinicella, Methylohalomonas, Methylonatrum, Plasticicumulans, Pseudohongiella, Sedimenticola, Thiohalobacter, Thiohalomonas, Thiohalorhabdus, Thiolapillus, and Wohlfahrtiimonas.[3]

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/202/EUBACTERIA/PROTEOBACTERIAE/gammaproteobacteria-frame.htm
  2. ↑ Williams, K. P.; Gillespie, J. J.; Sobral, B. W. S.; Nordberg, E. K.; Snyder, E. E.; Shallom, J. M.; Dickerman, A. W. (2010). "Phylogeny of Gammaproteobacteria". Journal of Bacteriology. 192 (9): 2305–2314. PMC 2863478 Freely accessible. PMID 20207755. doi:10.1128/JB.01480-09.
  3. ↑ "Classification of domains and phyla - Hierarchical classification of prokaryotes (bacteria) - Gammaproteobacteria". List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
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