Galmudug

Galmudug State of Somalia
  • Dowlad Goboleedka Galmudug ee Soomaaliya  (Somali)
  • ولاية غامدوغ الصومال  (Arabic)
  • Wilāyat Gālmuḍug aṣ-Ṣūmāl
Motto: "My Home State"

Territory of Galmudug (according to [2])
Capital Cadaado
6°08′25″N 46°37′32″E / 6.14028°N 46.62556°E / 6.14028; 46.62556
Largest city Galkayo
Official languages
Demonym Somali (Galmudugian)
Government Autonomous presidential democracy
• President
 Ahmed Duale Gelle
• Vice-President
 Mohamed Hashi Abdi
Autonomous State within Somalia
• Established
 14 August 2006[3]
Area
• Total
 84,493[4] km2 (32,623 sq mi)
Currency Somali shilling (SOS)
Time zone EAT (UTC+3)
• Summer (DST)
 not observed (UTC+3)
Drives on the right
Calling code +252 (Somalia)
Internet TLD .so

Galmudug, officially Galmudug State, is an autonomous region in central Somalia. It is bordered to the north by the Puntland region, to the west by Ethiopia, and to the south by other regions of Somalia.

Galmudug's name is derived from a conflation of the names of the Galgaduud and Mudug regions. Galmudug consists of the region of Galgaduud and southern half of Mudug region.[5][6][7][8] However, according to CIA Factbook northern Mudug is part of Puntland.[9] Unlike the secessionist Somaliland region in northwestern Somalia, Galmudug is not trying to obtain international recognition as a separate nation. It considers itself an autonomous state within the larger Federal Republic of Somalia, as defined by the provisional constitution of Somalia.[6]

Location

Galmudug is the most centrally located area in Somalia. It is situated about 750 km from Mogadishu, Hargeisa, Bosaso and Harar in Ethiopia. The region is bordered to the east by the Indian Ocean, to the west by Ethiopia, to the north by Puntland, and to the south by the Hiran region.

History

Establishment

On August 14, 2006, the autonomous Galmudug region was established. Mohamed Warsame Ali 'Kiimiko' was elected as the new administration's President, and Galkayo was declared the new polity's capital.[10]

The appellation Galmudug is a conflation of Galguduud and Mudug provinces.

Relations between Galmudug and the Puntland region to its immediate north have historically been tense. However, the two regions gradually made strides toward strengthening inter-regional relations. To this end, representatives of the two autonomous administrations signed an accord in February 2011 in Garowe, the capital of Puntland, wherein both governments officially agreed to cooperate on security, economic and social matters.[11]

Presidential elections

On 1 August 2012, Galmudug's 25-seat parliament elected General Abdi Hasan Awale (Qaybdiid) as the region's new president. He replaced former president Mohamed Ahmed Aalin, who was receiving medical treatment abroad.[10] Qaybdiid had obtained 22 votes versus 1 vote for the other candidate, Abdisamad Nur Guled. Qaybdiid was subsequently sworn in as Galmudug President in a ceremony in Galkayo marking the 6th anniversary since the establishment of the Galmudug administration.[12] During his inauguration speech, Qaybdiid reiterated his pre-election promises to firm up on regional security, expand his administration's control to areas that had not been covered by the regional authority, and foster relations with neighbouring regional states and national bodies.[13]

Official status

As of 2013, Galmudug's official status as a federal state is in the process of being finalized. Qaybdiid's administration has asserted that Galmudug meets the requirements for official state status, as outlined in the federal constitution. As of April 2013, the federal authorities have not accepted this claim.[14] Article 49 of the Provisional Federal Constitution, which oversees the establishment of the Federal Republic of Somalia's constituent states, stipulates that "based on a voluntary decision, two or more regions may merge to form a Federal Member State".[15] Since Galmudug only includes part of the official Mudug region, the federal Interior Minister Abdikarim Guled has urged the local Galmudug authorities to merge with other would be states, including Himan and Heeb, to form one unitary state consisting of two or more regions, in accordance with the constitution.[16]

On 30 July 2014, the Federal Government of Somalia officially endorsed a new Central Regions State, following a signed agreement in Mogadishu between representatives from Galmudug, Himan and Heeb, and Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a. The formalization ceremony for the new federal state was held at the Villa Somalia presidential compound and was presided over by President of Somalia Hassan Sheikh Mohamud and Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed, with UN, EU, AU, IGAD and AMISOM envoys also in attendance. According to the Prime Minister's office, the Federal Government appointed a ministerial committee to guide the formation of the new state. It also organized a number of consultative meetings with the regional representatives, with each party eventually agreeing to establish a new administration in the Mudug and Galguduud regions. Additionally, the Central Regions State will be subject to the Provisional Federal Constitution.[17][18]

On 31 July 2014, the autonomous Puntland regional administration in northeastern Somalia issued a statement rejecting the Central Regions State agreement on the grounds that it contravened certain clauses and articles in the Provisional Federal Constitution and breached Puntland's jurisdiction over the northern part of the Mudug province.[19][20] The Puntland Council of Ministers led by Puntland President Abdiweli Mohamed Ali further expressed dismay over sponsorship of and attendance during the agreement by representatives of the central government and the international community, respectively. It also suspended relations with the Mogadishu authorities, and recalled Puntland's representatives serving in the Federal Parliament, Federal Cabinet and Federal Constitutional Review Committee to the Puntland state capital of Garowe for consultations.[19]

On 9 August 2014, the UN, EU and IGAD envoys for Somalia issued a joint statement assuring the Puntland administration that the new central state of Somalia would not include any territory under Puntland jurisdiction. According to the officials, federal government representatives and signatories had indicated prior to the signing of the central state agreement that the pact would only apply to Galguduud and Galmudug, while North Mudug would remain an integral part of Puntland state.[21] On 24 August 2014, Federal Parliament Speaker Mohamed Osman Jawari announced that Federal MPs hailing from Puntland had begun brokering negotiations between the federal government and the Puntland regional administration.[22]

On 14 October 2014, a three-day conference in Garowe concluded with a 12-point agreement between the Federal Government and Puntland authorities, which stipulates that the earlier Central Regions State pact between the Galmudug and Himan and Heeb regional administrations only applies to the Galguduud and south Mudug provinces.[23]

On 25 December 2014, ahead of a state formation conference in Adado, the Federal Government appointed six committees to oversee the establishment of the prospective Central Somalia regional state. The steering bodies include a technical committee facilitating the creation of Central State, which is chaired by Halimo Ismail Ibrahim; a constitution committee, which is chaired by Abdinoor Moalim Mohamud; a reconciliation committee tasked with solving of differences and selection of delegates, which is chaired by Sheikh Omar Mohamud Mahad; a security, protocol and supervision committee, which is chaired by Uke Haji Abdirahman; a mobilization committee, which is chaired by Abdullahi Abdi Abdille; and a committee of accommodation of delegates and guests of honour, which is chaired by Dahir Hassan Guutaale.[24]

In late March 2015, President Mohamud and Dhusamareb traditional elders began talks over a possible relocation of the Adado conference to Dhusamareb. Mohamud preferred holding the summit in Adado, whereas the traditional elders favored Dhusamareb for security-related reasons and because the town had already recently hosted smaller reconciliation meetings.[25]

In April 2015, during consultative talks with local politicians and traditional elders, President Mohamud officially announced that Dhusamareb was slated to be the administrative capital of the Central State.[26] On 16 April, President Mohamud officially launched the Central State formation conference in Adado. The summit was attended by Federal Cabinet ministers and MPs, state formation technical committee Chairperson Halima Ismael, UN Special Envoy to Somalia Ambassador Nicholas Kay, IGAD Special Ambassador Mohamed Abdi Afey, Ambassador of Turkey Olgen Bakar and Uganda Special Envoy Nathan Mugisha. According to Mohamud, traditional leaders are now tasked with selecting 510 delegates, who will then elect a new regional president within two weeks.[27]

Demographics

The Galmudug area in central Somalia is predominantly inhabited by people from the Somali ethnic group, with the Habar Gidir sub-clan of the Hawiye and the Marehan sub-clan of the Darod well-represented .[28]

After the merger of the two regions as a single Galmudug, many other major clans supported the formation of a unified Galmudug State that ratified the inclusion of all major tribes such as Duduble, Dir Surre Fiqi Muhumed,Qubays, Murursade, Sheekhaal, Madhiban.

Administration

As of 2014, the autonomous Galmudug region's government is led by a President, Abdi Hasan Awale (Qaybdiid). He in turn has the power to appoint and dismiss Cabinet members. In April 2014, President Awale named a new twelve-member Cabinet.[29]

Additionally, the Galmudug administration appoints Governors for each of its constituent provinces. The Governor of the Mudug province is Awes Ali Said.[30]

In November 2014, the Galmudug regional administration in conjunction with the federal Ministry of Interior and the U.S. Tess Agency laid down the foundation for a new government centre in Gaalkacyo. The fourth such local project, the initiative follows the establishment of a new presidential office, social services center and football stadium.[31]

In April 2015, the Galmudug administration launched a campaign to dig sewages and drainages in the suburbs of Gaalkacyo. Galmudug municipal and police officials in the process also began clearing illicit structures and buildings to make way for the new collection and disposal systems.[32]

Education

Educational institutions in the Galmudug region are largely in the private sector.[30] In March 2015, the Galmudug administration announced that it is slated to open free schools in the regional state. According to the Galmudug Minister for Education Mohamed Haashi Dhalo-Dhalo, the local government will finance the appointment of teachers to the new institutions. The federal Ministry of Education is also scheduled to launch a number of additional educational projects in the region.[33]

Universities and colleges in Galmudug include Mudug University in Galkayo.[34] Galgaduud university in Abudwak.[35]

Galmudug Security Force

Galmudug Security Force (GSF) is the Armed Forces of the autonomous Galmudug region of Central Somalia.

Galmudug Police Force is a highly trained Police force which operates in all of Galmudug state, it's responsible for the security of the Autonomous region and the safety of the citizens of the Autonomous region.

The Galmudug Maritime Force is highly trained and highly equipped maritime force who safeguards the region's marine resources from piracy, illegal fishing, and other illegal activities of the coast of Somalia.[36]

National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISA) is Somalia's National Intelligence And Security Agency, it has a branch in Galmudug state where it does intelligence services for Galmudug security forces and sometimes works alongside them. [37]

Transportation

For air transportation Galmudug is served by Oshaka Airport in Galkayo, Adado International Airport and by the Obbia Airport (Hobyo Airport) in Hobyo.[38] Additionally, Hobyo has a small but growing seaport.[39]

State Flag

Galmudug Flag of Galmudug.

The current flag of Galmudug was adopted on June 17 2015. since 2006 Galmudug used the Flag of Somalia until 2010 when it adopted it's first regional state flag.[40]

Galmudug's regional flag Design:

White chevron bearing two green stars

facing horizontally on a light blue field

bearing a white star on the right side.


Administrative divisions

Regions

The administrative divisions Galmudug State is divided into two regions which are Mudug and Galgaduud.[6] These two regions are then divided into 10 districts.[41][42] However, according to CIA Factbook northern Mudug is part of Puntland.[9]

Region Capital Districts
Galgaduud Dhuusamareeb 5
Mudug Galkayo 5

Major towns and cities in Galmudug include:

City Region
Galkayo Mudug
Dhuusamareeb Galgaduud
Abudwak Galgaduud
Adado Galgaduud
Hobyo Mudug
Guriel Galgaduud
Godinlabe Galgaduud
El Dher Galgaduud
Afbarwaaqo Mudug
Galcad Galgaduud
El Dibir Mudug
El Buur Galgaduud
Harardheere Mudug
Wisil Mudug
balanbale Galgaduud
Banderadley Mudug
Galinsoor Mudug

References

  1. ↑ Mosley, Jason (2017). Somalia’s Federal Future Layered Agendas, Risks and Opportunities (PDF). Chatham House. p. 19.
  2. ↑ Mosley, Jason (2017). Somalia’s Federal Future Layered Agendas, Risks and Opportunities (PDF). Chatham House. p. 19.
  3. ↑ "Galmudug marks its fifth anniversary". SONNA. 14 August 2011. Archived from the original on 3 July 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
  4. ↑ https://www.mapdevelopers.com/area_finder.php?&points=%5B%5B5.426986467117847%2C45.4779052734375%5D%2C%5B5.038598014033392%2C45.773162841796875%5D%2C%5B5.000293327969875%2C46.04644775390625%5D%2C%5B4.392602231346782%2C46.198883056640625%5D%2C%5B4.395340740675732%2C46.35200500488281%5D%2C%5B4.003634793338907%2C46.417236328125%5D%2C%5B3.6309290128416167%2C47.0599365234375%5D%2C%5B3.6117413278386814%2C47.15675354003906%5D%2C%5B4.425463677921341%2C47.901763916015625%5D%2C%5B4.934622948213849%2C48.18328857421875%5D%2C%5B5.935339745680884%2C48.882293701171875%5D%2C%5B6.388636954544086%2C49.053955078125%5D%2C%5B6.383177873884563%2C48.492279052734375%5D%2C%5B6.486890400402608%2C47.99652099609375%5D%2C%5B6.934242777331261%2C46.9281005859375%5D%2C%5B6.803353105914645%2C46.8072509765625%5D%2C%5B6.596038418654293%2C46.6204833984375%5D%5D
  5. ↑ Hobbes, Cameron (2017). Somalia and Democracy, a Task to Achieve. p. 48. ISBN 978-1542518512.
  6. 1 2 3 "Somalia's Federal Govt Endorses Central State". All Africa. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
  7. ↑ "Gulf of Aden Security Review - February 12, 2016". The Critical Threats Project. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
  8. ↑ http://maritimelandsecurity.com/federalism-in-the-central-region/
  9. 1 2 "Introduction somalia -". CIA Factbook.
  10. 1 2 "Somalia: Galmudug Elects New Leader, Pledges Security". SMN. 2 August 2012. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
  11. ↑ An Agreement Jointly Signed by Puntland and Galmudug
  12. ↑ "Qeybdid sworn in as Galmudug president". Bar-kulan. 2012-08-15. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
  13. ↑ Beerdhige, Mohamed (2012-08-01). "Galmudug Elects New President". Somalia Report. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
  14. ↑ "Somalia govt 'pursuing leadership change in Galmudug': sources". Garowe Online. 8 April 2013. Archived from the original on 25 September 2013. Retrieved 10 April 2013.
  15. ↑ "The Federal Republic of Somalia - Provisional Constitution" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 10 April 2013.
  16. ↑ Somali Ministry of Interior and National Security (26 March 2013). "Press Release: Somali Ministry of Interior and National Security". Radio Gaal. Retrieved 10 April 2013.
  17. ↑ "Somalia: Federal Govt endorses central state after tripartite deal". Garowe Online. 30 July 2014. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  18. ↑ "Somali Prime Minister welcomes agreement to form new administration in central Somalia". Horseed Media. 31 July 2014. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  19. 1 2 "Somalia: Puntland withdraws support for Federal Govt". Garowe Online. 1 August 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
  20. ↑ "SOMALIA: Puntland cuts its ties with Federal Government following announcement of Central State". Raxanreeb. 1 August 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
  21. ↑ "SOMALIA: UN, EU and IGAD envoys for Somalia send concern letter to Puntland president after the region suspended ties with Mogadishu". Raxanreeb. 17 August 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
  22. ↑ "SOMALIA: Speaker Jawari hails MPs’ efforts to mediate between FG and Puntland". Raxanreeb. 24 August 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  23. ↑ "Somalia: Puntland clinches deal with Federal Govt". Garowe Online. 14 October 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  24. ↑ "Federal government finalizes committees to facilitate formation of Central state". Goobjoog. 25 December 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
  25. ↑ "Dhusa-Mareeb conference Spokesman: "there is chance discuss about where hold state formation conference"". Goobjoog. 27 March 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  26. ↑ "President Hassan Announces Administrative Capital of Upcoming Somali Central State". Goobjoog. 8 April 2015. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  27. ↑ "Adado conference kicks off in entral Somalia". Garowe Online. 16 April 2015. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  28. ↑ Transformation Towards a Regulated Economy. WSP Transition Programme, Somali Programme. 2000. p. 9.
  29. ↑ "Galmudug president appoints new cabinet". Goobjoog. 28 April 2014. Archived from the original on 29 April 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  30. 1 2 "Galmudug administration announce to open free schools". Goobjoog. 5 March 2014. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
  31. ↑ "Foundation stone laid for Galkacyo Local Government Centre". Goobjoog. 18 November 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  32. ↑ "Galmudug Police Breaks Down Illegal Structures". Goobjoog. 2 April 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
  33. ↑ "Gal-Mudug State due to opens free school". Goobjoog. 16 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  34. ↑ "Mudug University". PlacementIndia. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
  35. ↑ http://markacadeey.com/2017/06/somali-government-progress-activities-in-the-past-week-27-may-02-june-2017/
  36. ↑ "GFNP". www.marsecreview.com. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
  37. ↑ "GANFFANVTEM". nepjournal.com. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
  38. ↑ "Obbia Airport (CMO)". World Airport Codes. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  39. ↑ "Istanbul conference on Somalia 21 – 23 May 2010 - Draft discussion paper for Round Table "Transport infrastructure"" (PDF). Government of Somalia. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  40. ↑ http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Somalia.html
  41. ↑ "Galgaduud Region" (PDF). Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  42. ↑ "Mudug Region" (PDF). Retrieved 30 January 2014.

Coordinates: 5°30′07″N 46°22′46″E / 5.50194°N 46.37944°E / 5.50194; 46.37944

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